Spanish Irregular Verbs Up Close

126 Pages·2012·0.76 MB·English

by  Eric Vogt

PRACTICE
MAKES
PERFECT
Spanish
Irregular Verbs
Up Close
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PRACTICE
MAKES
PERFECT
Spanish
Irregular Verbs
Up Close
Eric W. Vogt, Ph.D.
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
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ISBN: 978-0-07-171809-7
MHID: 0-07-171809-5
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Amandae, fi liae carissimae meae, qui plus quam scivit semper amata est.
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Contents
1
The Spanish verb system: An overview 1
2
Present system 1: Present indicative 7
3
Present system 2: Present subjunctive 15
4
Present system 3: Imperatives 23
5
Infi nitive system 1: Imperfect indicative 31
6
Infi nitive system 2: Future 37
7
Infi nitive system 3: Conditional 45
8
Preterit system 1: Preterit indicative 51
9
Preterit system 2: Imperfect subjunctive 59
10
Participial system 1: Gerunds 67
11
Participial system 2: The seven perfect tenses 73
12
Participial system 3: Passive participles 79
Appendix A: TurboVerbTM: The “better mousetrap”
for learning Spanish verbs 85
Appendix B: Survival verbs 93
Answer key 99
vii
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The Spanish
·1·
verb system
An overview
When you try to conjugate Spanish verbs, do you feel as if everything
you’ve ever been taught seems tangled in your mind like a bird’s nest of
fi shing line at the bottom of a row boat? Does your teacher circle the verbs
on your quizzes and tests, or write question marks that seem to say where
on earth did you come up with this form? If you fi nd yourself in a quagmire
of confusion or committing the same errors time and again, using this
book systematically will “reprogram” your understanding of the verb
system.
Th is book is less concerned with the uses of the tenses and moods of
Spanish verbs than with their morphology, or forms. Th e book focuses on
irregular verbs, which of course, means that we will have to contrast them
with regular verbs along the way. So, take heart. You’re not alone as an
intermediate student of Spanish. Jumbled verb forms are one of the things
Spanish teachers see all the time in their second-year Spanish classes.
Why? Because fi rst-year students are exposed to the whole verb system,
but receive little specifi c attention to help them step back in order to dis-
cover, recognize, and assimilate the patterns. It also takes longer than a
one-year course to internalize verb patterns.
Th e approach used in this book is based on the fact that Spanish
evolved from Latin, which is still taught using the “principal parts”: four
forms needed to understand the morphology of Latin’s even more elabo-
rate verb system. Although textbooks and reference works sometimes
show these principal parts, they are not arranged or explained in a useful
way. In Appendix A you will fi nd a verb chart named TurboVerb. It resur-
rects the system of principle parts and adapts it so that it works for learn-
ing Spanish verbs. Consult TurboVerb oft en as you progress through each
chapter in order to become familiar with it. By visualizing the morpho-
logical patterns in a new way, the fog will clear, and your tangled notions
will unravel. Here is this book’s promise: if you internalize and apply the
information about the formation of verbs found in TurboVerb, you will be
able to derive the exact form of any verb, in any tense, mood, person, and
1