Scale-Sensitive Governance of the Environment

354 Pages·2014·11.696 MB·English

by  Polman, Nico, Termeer, Catrien, Padt, Frans, Opdam, Paul

Scale-Sensitive Governance
of the Environment

Scale-Sensitive Governance
of the Environment
Edited by
Frans Padt
Department of Landscape Architecture and the Department of
Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education
The Pennsylvania State University
USA
Paul Opdam
Land Use Planning Group and Alterra Nature
and Society Group
Wageningen UR
The Netherlands
Nico Polman
LEI Regional Economy & Land Use Group
Wageningen UR
The Netherlands
and
Catrien Termeer
Public Administra tion and Policy Group
Wageningen UR
The Netherlands
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Scale-sensitive governance of the environment / edited by Frans Padt, Paul Opdam, Nico Polman,
Catrien Termeer.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-56715-9 (cloth)
1. Environmental management. 2. Environmental management–International cooperation.
3. Environmental policy. 4. Environmental policy–International cooperation. I. Padt, Frans,
1961– II. Opdam, Paul. III. Polman, Nico, 1969 IV. Termeer, Catrien.
GE300.S25 2014
363.7'056–dc23
2013041993
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may
not be available in electronic books.
Cover image: M.C. Escher’s Print Gallery © 2013 The M.C. Escher Company-The Netherlands. All rights
reserved. www.mcescher.com
Cover design by Steve Thompson
Set in 10/12.5 pt Minion Pro Regular by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2014
Contents
List of Contributors x
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
List of Abbreviations xx
1 Concepts of scale 1
Frans Padt and Bas Arts
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Definitions of scale 2
1.3 Scale-sensitive governance of . . . what? 4
1.4 Scale as a reality . . . or not? 8
1.5 The politics of scale 11
1.6 Acknowledgements 13
References 13
2 Incorporating multiple ecological scales into the governance of
landscape services 17
Paul Opdam
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 The social-ecological system at the local scale 19
2.3 Ecological scales and local social-ecological systems 22
2.4 Incorporating the ecological scale hierarchy into social-ecological
system decision-making 25
2.5 Discussion and conclusions 30
2.6 Acknowledgements 33
References 34
3 Scale-sensitivity as a governance capability: Observing, acting
and enabling 38
Catrien Termeer and Art Dewulf
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Scales in monocentric governance 39
vi CONTENTS
3.3 Scales in multilevel governance 42
3.4 Scales in adaptive governance 44
3.5 The contours of scale-sensitivity as a governance capability 47
3.6 Conclusion 51
References 52
4 Knowledge of competing claims on natural resources: Toward institutional
design and integrative negotiations 56
Nico Polman, Arianne de Blaeij and Maja Slingerland
4.1 Introduction 56
4.2 Competing claims approach on natural resources 57
4.3 Types of knowledge in competing claims approaches 61
4.4 Distributive approaches toward competing claims negotiations 65
4.5 Integrative approaches to negotiations on competing claims 66
4.6 Conclusions 69
4.7 Acknowledgements 70
References 70
5 The relevance of scale to water governance: An example from
Loweswater, UK 73
Lisa Norton, Stephen Maberly, Claire Waterton, Nigel Watson and
Judith Tsouvalis
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 Loweswater 74
5.3 The Loweswater Care Project (LCP) 79
5.4 The importance of scale at Loweswater 82
5.5 Conclusions 85
References 87
6 Multiple-level governance is needed in the social-ecological system of alpine
cultural landscapes 90
Rocco Scolozzi, Ian D Soane and Alessandro Gretter
6.1 Introduction 90
6.2 The concepts of SES, resilience and panarchy in the context of a
cultural landscape 92
6.3 A mixed method approach 93
6.4 The cultural landscape of the Ledro Valley: Internal dynamics leading
to unplanned futures 94
6.5 Discussion and conclusion 101
6.6 Acknowledgements 103
References 103
7 Beyond localism: The spatial scale and scaling in energy transitions 106
Philipp Späth and Harald Rohracher
7.1 Introduction 106
7.2 Creating space for the spatial scale and scaling in conceptualizations of
sustainability transitions 107
CONTENTS vii
7.3 The governance of sustainability transitions and its spatial dimensions:
Two case studies reconsidered 110
7.4 Learning from the cases: Can place-bound particularities and scaling
influence sustainability transitions? 115
7.5 Conclusions and outlook 118
7.6 Acknowledgements 119
References 119
8 Tracing drivers of global environmental change along the governance scale:
Methodological challenges and possibilities 122
Sylvia I Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen
8.1 What makes environmental issues global? 122
8.2 Methodological challenges in a multilevel analysis 124
8.3 Multilevel analysis of drivers for pesticide problems 127
8.4 Multilevel drivers for the pesticide problem 131
8.5 Multilevel drivers for multiple problems 134
8.6 Concluding reflections on the multilevel analysis of drivers 135
References 137
9 ‘Glocal’ politics of scale on environmental issues: Climate change, water
and forests 140
Joyeeta Gupta
9.1 Introduction 140
9.2 A theoretical framework 141
9.3 Case studies 142
9.4 Comparative analysis 148
9.5 Conclusions 152
9.6 Acknowledgements 153
References 153
10 The politics of cross-level interactions in the jurisdictional scale: The case
of natural resource management in the South 157
Daniel Compagnon
10.1 Introduction 157
10.2 Scaling up and scaling down: Some clarifications 158
10.3 Re-assessing the state in the South 160
10.4 The state and the rescaling processes 161
10.5 Conclusion 166
References 167
11 Rescaling environmental governance: The case of watersheds as
scale-sensitive governance? 172
Alice Cohen
11.1 Introduction 172
11.2 Watersheds as rescaling 173
11.3 Understanding the implications of rescaling 177
viii CONTENTS
11.4 Conclusions: Watersheds as everything to everyone? 181
11.5 Acknowledgements 183
References 183
Legislation 187
12 Urban sustainability pilot projects: Fit or misfit between challenge
and solution? 188
Sofie Bouteligier
12.1 Introduction 188
12.2 Scaling urban environmental governance 190
12.3 How pilot projects inspire sustainability transitions 191
12.4 Urban pilot projects: The way forward? 196
12.5 Conclusion 197
References 199
13 Tensions between global-scale and national-scale governance: The strategic
use of scale frames to promote sustainable palm oil production
in Indonesia 203
Otto Hospes and Annemoon Kentin
13.1 Introduction 203
13.2 Scale and scale frames 204
13.3 Do national principles for sustainable palm oil specify or challenge
global principles? 207
13.4 The interactive development and strategic use of scale frames 209
13.5 Conclusions 214
13.6 Acknowledgements 217
References 217
14 Rethinking governance of complex commodity systems: Evidence from
the Nepali tea value chain 220
Sarah Mohan
14.1 Introduction 220
14.2 Conceptualizing scale in commodity systems 221
14.3 Case study: Mismatches in the Nepali tea heterarchy 226
14.4 Insights into scale in private economic governance 234
14.5 Conclusions 238
14.6 Acknowledgements 238
References 238
15 An approach to analysing scale-sensitivity and scale-effectiveness of
governance in biodiversity conservation 241
Eeva Primmer, Riikka Paloniemi, Raphaël Mathevet, Evangelia Apostolopoulou,
Joseph Tzanopoulos, Irene Ring, Marianne Kettunen, Jukka Similä,
Joanna Cent, Małgorzata Grodzińska-Jurczak, Thomas Koellner,
Paula Antunes, John D Pantis, Simon G Potts and Rui Santos