“Introduction to Positive Media Psychology made me want to go to college again. To learn about all the ways in which media can be used for good, to inspire and connect us as humans, is what I greatly missed back then. This textbook lays out a positive, hope-inspiring media landscape that is firmly grounded in scientific research. It squares the circle of presenting the state of the art of an exciting new research field in plain language with instructive examples. For students and scholars alike, it will serve as the leading authoritative source on the topic.” —Anne Bartsch, University of Leipzig, Germany “Probably no other perspective has stimulated media effects and media enter tainment research as strongly over the past decade as the advent of positive media psychology. The present textbook provides a dearly needed integration of this fast-developing field. The authors are among the leading scholars who have cru cially defined this research area and possess a unique expertise. The volume pro vides an excellent introduction to media psychology both to advanced undergraduate and graduate students and a well-structured overview to more senior scholars. I am confident that it will leave a lasting footprint and provide fertile ground for future scholarship in this field.” —Leonard Reinecke, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany INTRODUCTION TO POSITIVE MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY Introduction to Positive Media Psychology summarizes and synthesizes the key con cepts, theories, and empirical findings on the positive emotional, cognitive, and behavioral effects of media use. In doing so, the book offers the first systematic overview of the emerging field of positive media psychology. The authors draw on a growing body of scholarship that explores the positive sides of media use, including fostering one’s own well-being; creating greater con nectedness with others; cultivating compassion for those who may be oppressed or stigmatized; and motivating altruism and other prosocial actions. The authors explore these issues across the entire media landscape, examining the ways that varying con tent (e.g., entertainment, news) delivered through traditional (e.g., film, television) and more recent media technologies (e.g., social media, digital games, virtual reality) can enhance well-being and promote other positive outcomes in viewers and users. This book serves as a benchmark of theory and research for current and future generations of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars in communication, psychology, education, and social work. Arthur A. Raney is James E. Kirk Professor of Communication in the School of Communication at Florida State University, USA. Sophie H. Janicke-Bowles is Assistant Professor in the School of Commu nication at Chapman University, USA. Mary Beth Oliver is Distinguished Professor and co-director of the Media Effects Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University, USA. Katherine R. Dale is Assistant Professor in the School of Communication at Florida State University, USA. INTRODUCTION TO POSITIVE MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY Arthur A. Raney, Sophie H. Janicke-Bowles, Mary Beth Oliver, and Katherine R. Dale First published 2021 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Taylor & Francis The right of Arthur A. Raney, Sophie H. Janicke-Bowles, Mary Beth Oliver, and Katherine R. Dale to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Raney, Arthur A., author. Title: Introduction to positive media psychology / Arthur A. Raney, Sophie H. Janicke-Bowles, Mary Beth Oliver, Katherine R. Dale. Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020032999 (print) | LCCN 2020033000 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367373917 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367373900 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429353482 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Mass media–Psychological aspects. | Mass media–Social aspects. | Well-being. Classification: LCC P96.P75 R36 2021 (print) | LCC P96.P75 (ebook) | DDC 302.23–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032999 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020033000 ISBN: 978-0-367-37391-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-37390-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-35348-2 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Taylor & Francis Books For Laura, Austin, Reed, Mom, and in loving memory of Pop. —Art For my sister Romy, Mom, and in gratitude for my better half Rodney. —Sophie To John, who is, and always will be, the love of my life. —Mary Beth For Mom, Dad, Ryan, Kaitlyn, and Sage, my biggest supporters. —Katie Collectively, we also dedicate this book to Dr. Jennings Bryant who left this world much too soon. To Art and Mary Beth, Jennings was a mentor, collaborator, and dear friend. To Sophie, Katie, and countless others, he was a pioneering scholar whose research and writings serve as a foundation for most of media and entertainment psy chology. He will be dearly missed, but his brilliance, gen erosity, and kindness will continue to inspire. CONTENTS List of Illustrations x Foreword xiii 1 What Is Positive Media Psychology? 1 2 Key Theories and Concepts from Media Psychology 18 3 Key Theories and Concepts from Positive Psychology 36 4 Hedonic Entertainment 54 5 Meaningful Entertainment 71 6 Transcendent Entertainment 88 7 Social Media 105 8 Digital Games and Virtual Reality 122 9 Positive News and Nonfiction 142 10 Narrative Persuasion 158 11 Educational and Prosocial Media for Children 176 12 Individual and Cultural Differences 196 13 Living Well with Media in the Digital Age 212 Index 230