HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH METHODS FOR ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE Handbook of Research Methods for Organisational Culture Edited by Cameron Newton Professor, School of Management, Queensland University of Technology, Australia Ruth Knight Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Australian Centre for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Australia Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA © Cameron Newton and Ruth Knight 2022 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited The Lypiatts 15 Lansdown Road Cheltenham Glos GL50 2JA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. William Pratt House 9 Dewey Court Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available electronically in the Business subject collection http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788976268 ISBN 978 1 78897 625 1 (cased) ISBN 978 1 78897 626 8 (eBook) EEP BoX Contents List of contributors vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction to the Handbook of Research Methods for Organisational Culture 1 Cameron Newton PART I CONCEPTUAL ISSUES RELATING TO ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE 2 Organisational culture: definitions, distinctions and functions 5 Penny Williams 3 Leadership and organizational culture 23 Athena Xenikou 4 Fit and congruence with organisational culture: definitions and measurement issues 39 Kamarul Zaman Bin Ahmad 5 Multilevel issues in organizations and culture: a review of theoretical and methodological innovations for the study of national and organizational culture 52 Ronald Fischer, Johannes Karl, Gerard Janse van Rensburg and Maria Cristina Ferreira PART II QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE APPROACHES 6 Values-based methods for measuring organizational culture: logic, evidence and critique 69 Stefano Calciolari and Anna Prenestini 7 Measuring organizational culture: converging on definitions and approaches to advance the paradigm 92 Jennifer A. Chatman and Andrew Choi 8 Methodological alignment in qualitative research of organisational culture 108 Alireza Javanmardi Kashan and Anna Wiewiora 9 Mixed methods research approaches to measuring organisational culture 126 Roslyn Cameron and Leesa Taylor v vi Handbook of research methods for organisational culture PART III SPECIAL TOPICS OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE MEASUREMENT 10 Culture change: measurement approaches and challenges 139 Julian Randall 11 High-performance cultures: a framework for navigating definition and measurement challenges 155 Adelle J. Bish 12 Measuring culture of innovation: from assessment to action 174 Jay Rao and Shelby Danks 13 Corporate entrepreneurship culture 191 Jenna Campton 14 Measuring and developing an ethical organizational climate 205 Niel J. Christensen, Nathanael J.N. Lee and John B. Bingham 15 Measuring nonprofit organisational culture: key issues and insights 230 Ruth Knight 16 Leadership capabilities: the influence of organizational purpose and culture in the nonprofit sector 244 Adelle J. Bish, Karen Becker and Bernd Irmer 17 Deciphering “bad” organizational cultures 260 Sonja A. Sackmann 18 Measuring organizational culture in Christian churches 275 Angela J. Ward 19 Rolling up our sleeves and pulling up our socks: a critical review of safety culture definitions and measures, and innovative ways to move the field forward 291 Tristan W. Casey, Xiaowen Hu, Chantelle Reid, Phuong Anh Tran and Frank W. Guldenmund Index 312 Contributors Kamarul Zaman Bin Ahmad, Dubai Business School, University of Dubai, United Arab Emirates Karen Becker, School of Business and Creative Industries, USC Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia John B. Bingham, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, USA Adelle J. Bish, Willie A. Deese College of Business and Economics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, USA Stefano Calciolari, Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, Università degli Studi di Milano “Bicocca”, Italy, and Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland Roslyn Cameron, Centre for Organisational Change and Agility, Torrens University, Adelaide, Australia Jenna Campton, School of Business and Creative Industries, USC Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia Tristan W. Casey, Safety Science Innovation Lab, School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Australia Jennifer A. Chatman, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, USA Andrew Choi, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, USA Niel J. Christensen, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, USA Shelby Danks, ARKEN Academy, Texas, USA Maria Cristina Ferreira, Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ronald Fischer, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Frank W. Guldenmund, Safety Science & Security Group, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Xiaowen Hu, School of Management, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Bernd Irmer, School of Management, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Johannes Karl, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Alireza Javanmardi Kashan, Middlesex University, Business School, London, UK vii viii Handbook of research methods for organisational culture Ruth Knight, Australian Centre of Philanthropy and Nonprofit Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Nathanael J.N. Lee, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, USA Cameron Newton, School of Management, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Anna Prenestini, Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, and Center of Research and Advanced Education in Health Administration (CRC HEAD), Italy Julian Randall, Heriot-Watt University/Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, UK Jay Rao, Babson College, Babson Park, Massachusetts, USA Chantelle Reid, Safety Science Innovation Lab, School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Australia Gerard Janse van Rensburg, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Sonja A. Sackmann, EZO Institute for Developing Viable Organizations, Department of Economics and Organizational Science, University Bw Munich, Germany Leesa Taylor, Torrens University, Australia Phuong Anh Tran, School of Management, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Angela J. Ward, Denver Seminary, Littleton, Colorado, USA Anna Wiewiora, School of Management, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Penny Williams, School of Management, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Athena Xenikou, Department of Aeronautical Sciences, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Athens, Greece Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the incredible work of Alison Brodie who has judiciously and always happily responded to the many requests associated with putting this collection of work together. We also acknowledge Alison’s thoughts and intellectual considerations as we glued together a book that is substantially about organisational glue. ix