Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy, v 1

211 Pages·2016·5.014 MB·English

by  Ozaki, Yukihiro

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Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
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Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
1245
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Frontiers of Plasmon
Enhanced Spectroscopy
Volume 1
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0
w
5.f Yukihiro Ozaki, Editor
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12 Kwansei Gakuin University
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01 Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
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1/ George C. Schatz, Editor
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0. Northwestern University
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oi: Evanston, Illinois
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20 Duncan Graham, Editor
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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at Kagawa, Japan
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AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC
DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress
Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Ozaki,Y.(Yukihiro),editor.
Title:Frontiersofplasmonenhancedspectroscopy/YukihiroOzaki[andthree
others],editor.
1 Description:Washington,DC:AmericanChemicalSociety,[2016]-|Series:
0
0 ACSsymposiumseries;1245,1246|Includesbibliographicalreferences
w
5.f andindex.
4 Identifiers:LCCN2016054894(print)|LCCN2016055672(ebook)|ISBN
2
6-1 9780841232013(v.1)|ISBN9780841232037(v.2)|ISBN9780841232006(v.1)(ebook)
01 |ISBN9780841232020(v.2)(ebook)
2
k- Subjects:LCSH:Ramanspectroscopy.|Spectroscopicimaging.|Plasmons
b
1/ (Physics)
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0 Classification:LCCQC454.R36F752016(print)|LCCQC454.R36(ebook)|DDC
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Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a
mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of
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sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare
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Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Preface
More than four decades have passed since surface-enhanced Raman
scattering (SERS) was discovered. In today’s world SERS has been established
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0 as a plasmon-based spectroscopy with ultra-high sensitivity and versatility at
pr
5. the forefront of the developments in plasmonics. SERS has been developing
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1 with the advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The “SERS world” has
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1 grown up markedly for the last 20 years or so, and recently the wider concept
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k- of, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy was born. Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy
b
1/ contains not only SERS but also tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS),
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1 surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), surface-enhanced fluorescence
0.
oi: 1 (SEF),andmore. Throughthesenovelspectroscopiesvariousamazingproperties
d ofplasmonshavebecomeknown,providingnewexcitingresearchfields.
16 | InPacifichem2015,heldinDecember2015inHawaii,wehadasymposium
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0, 2 titled“FrontiersofPlasmonEnhancedSpectroscopy.”Thisbookisconcernedwith
er 2 thesymposium,althoughitisnotitsproceedings. Thus,thecollectionisbasedon
mb theabovesymposium, andmostofthecontributorstothisbookwereitsinvited
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c speakers. One of the main purposes of the book is to convey the enthusiastic
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b): discussiononplasmon-enhancedspectroscopyatthesymposiumtothescientific
e community.
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e ( The book reports leading-edge advances in the theory of plasmonic
Dat enhancement and application of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy to biology,
on chemistry, physics, materials science, and medicine. Many books have been
cati publishedaboutSERS,butthismaybethefirsttimethatabookonawideareaof
ubli plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy has ever been published. The book consists of
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twovolumes;thefirstvolumecontainstheintroductoryreviewbyGeorgeSchatz
followedbyeightchapters,whicharemainlyconcernedwithSERS.Thesecond
volume discusses TERS, SEIRA, and other topics related to plasmon-enhanced
spectroscopy.
Last but not at least, we hope the readers not only learn a great deal about
the-state-of-the-art of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy but also enjoy this book.
Wewillbemostgratefulifthebookbecomesatriggertoopenfurthernewexciting
fieldsinsurface-enhancedspectroscopy.
ix
Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
YukihiroOzaki
KwanseiGakuinUniversity
Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
GeorgeC.Schatz
NorthwesternUniversity
Evanston, Illinois
DuncanGraham
UniversityofStrathclyde
1 Glasgow, UnitedKingdom
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pr
5.
4
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6-1 TamitakeItoh
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0 NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology
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bk- Kagawa, Japan
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x
Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
©2016AmericanChemicalSociety
Raman spectroscopy (SERS) (5–7). The underlying physics of the plasmon
beenwidelyusedforspectroscopicapplications,inparticularinsurface-enhanced
productionanddecayofhot-electrons(1–4). Inaddition,plasmonexcitationhas
chemicalenergyviaphotovoltaicorphotocatalyticprocesses,ofteninvolvingthe
plasmon-semiconductorinteractionsforconvertingsolarenergyintoelectricalor
solarenergy. Asaresult,therehavebeenseveralreportsofplasmon-moleculeor
cross-sections,theyarepotentiallyusefulasantennasforcapturingandconverting
understood. Since plasmonic metal nanoparticles have very large absorption
research community as many of the fundamental processes involved are poorly
Plasmon-enhanced chemistry has recently been of significant interest in the
Introduction
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45. spectroscopicapplications.
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6-1 design of more efficient plasmon-enhanced devices and
01 scattering. Understanding these processes is critical to the
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k- enhancement mechanism in surface-enhanced Raman
b
21/ photovoltaic or photocatalytic processes and to the chemical
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0.1 moieties. This work includes interactions that contribute to
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oi: as involves energy and electron transfer between the two
6 | d plasmons with nearby molecules or semiconductor particles
1 decay processes, including studies of the interactions of
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0, and time scales associated with plasmonic excitation and
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er engineering. Here, we review the fundamental processes
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m spectroscopy is of broad interest in chemistry, physics and
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ec The plasmonic enhancement of photochemistry and
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o 2145SheridanRoad,Evanston,Illinois60208,UnitedStates
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blic DepartmentofChemistry,NorthwesternUniversity,
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RebeccaL.Gieseking,MarkA.Ratner,andGeorgeC.Schatz
*
Dynamics and Related SERS Chemical Effects
Review of Plasmon-Induced Hot-Electron
Chapter 1
Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
2
classical electrodynamics picture, the plasmon is a coherent oscillation of all
various shapes which have localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR). In a
which support surface plasmon resonance (SPR) states or nanostructures of
Applications in plasmonics typically involve metal surfaces or films
Basic Description of Plasmons
carriersintophonons.
electronsandholes,(c)thermalizationofhotcarriers,and(d)relaxationofhot
plasmon. Non-radiativedecayprocessesincluding(b)dephasingintoenergetic
Figure1. Schematicoftheplasmonicdecayprocess. (a)Radiativedecayofthe
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6 | d results. Connections with SERS theory will also be discussed, especially
1 descriptions of the plasmon but we also compare to a variety of experimental
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er environment affect the rates and energy distributions involved. The primary
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m each of these steps, focusing on how changes to the nanoparticle structure and
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ec In this review, we will describe the fundamental processes involved in
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We ‘energetic carriers’ may be more precise. However, we primarily use the more
e ( cannot be defined for the non-thermal energy distribution and a term such as
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o theexcitedelectronsandholesbeforethermalizationarecommonlyreferredtoas
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blic transferofenergyorchargecarriersbetweenthetwomoieties. Wenotethatwhile
u molecules or semiconductors can introduce new decay pathways involving the
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environment. Interactions of the plasmonic nanostructures with nearby organic
scale, the vibrational energy within the plasmonic structure dissipates to the
transferred to vibrational energy on the order of a few ps. On a longer time
distribution on the order of hundreds of fs, and the excess electronic energy is
distribution of energetic charge carriers relaxes to a hot Fermi-Dirac thermal
intoindividualchargecarriers,typicallywithintensoffs. Theinitialnon-thermal
in Figure 1. Following the plasmon excitation, the coherent excitation dephases
interactions of the plasmons with molecules or semiconductors, as summarized
fundamentalprocessesinvolvedintheexcitationanddecayofplasmonsandinthe
To better develop these types of applications, it is critical to understand the
intimatelyrelated,andindeedoftenthesamesubstratesareusedinbothstudies.
enhancement mechanisms leading to SERS and hot electron formation are
Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
3
cluster(16).
INDO/SCItransitiondensityoftheplasmonicexcitedstateinatetrahedralAg20
totheelectricfieldoflight(figurecourtesyofCraigChapman)(15),and(c)
enhancementand(b)electricfieldcontoursforanAubipyramidinresponse
includingdisplacementoftheconductionelectronsthatleadstolocalfield
Figure2. (a)Diagramshowingplasmonoscillationsforametalnanosphere
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ati
blic individual nanoparticles (12) or few-nm gaps between two nanoparticles (13,
u nanostructure, which may include sharp points or defects on the surface of
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electric-field enhancement is particularly pronounced near ‘hot spots’ on the
of the electric field near the plasmonic metal surface (Figure 2b) (11). The
in response to the electric field of light creates strong localized enhancement
according to Maxwell’s equations. The oscillation of the conduction electrons
representedonagridandtheelectricandmagneticfieldsarepropagatedintime
time-domain (FDTD) method (10) are typically used, where the material is
(8,9). Formorecomplexshapes,numericalmethodssuchasthefinite-difference
Maxwell’s equations have only been found for spherical and spheroid particles
excitation on optical properties (8); however, simple analytical solutions to
including absorption and scattering, and therefore the consequences of plasmon
solution to Maxwell’s equations for a sphere that describes the total extinction,
conduction-bandelectronsinthematerialasshowninFigure2a. Mietheoryisa
Ozaki et al.; Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.