Second Edition - ~· I , - f • ' / ' B- . '/ / Second Edition • Bibliotf!ca I C A P Second Edition Dwight C. Hirsh N. James Maclachlan Richard L. Walker Blackwell Publishing Dwight C. Hirsh, DVM, PhD, is cmeritus professor, Authori7.<1tinn tn phntocopy items for internal or per Department of Patl1ology, Microl.Jiulogy a11d sonal use, or the interna! or personal use of spccific Im mu nology, l Jnivcrsity of California-Davis. clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that thc base fcc of $.10 per copy is paid dircctly to the Jan1es N. MacLachla11, DVM. PhD, is protcssor, Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Dcpart1ncnt of Pathology, Microbiology and Oanvcrs, MA 01923. For those organizations tl1at have cc:c, l1nmunology, Universíty of California-Davis. bee11 granted a photocopy lic<.:n:.c l.Jy a separate 'Y'-t<'m of paymt>nt.<; has hf'Pn arranged. ·rhe fec code Richard L. Walker, DVM, Pl1D, MPVM, is profe:;sor of for users of the Transactional Rcporting Service is u. clinical cliagnostic bacteriology, California Animal Health 0-8138-0379-9/2004 $.1 and Food Safcty Laboratory, Univcrsity of Califorrúa Davis. l'rinted on ac1d-free paper in the United States of America ©2004 13lack'Well Publishing Flrst editlon, ©1999 Blackwcll S\.:ieuce, 111c. J\11 rights reserved Second edition, ©7Jl04 Bl;ir.kwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing Profession¡ll Library (>f Congress Cataloging-in-PubJicatio11 LJata 2121 Slatc Ave11ue, An1es, Iowa 50014, USJ\ Vctcrinary microbiology / [edited byj Dwight C. Hirsh, N. James MacLachlan, llichar<.l L. Walker.-2n<.l e<.J. Ordcrs: 1-800-862-6657 p.; cm. Office: 1-515-292-0140 lncludes bibliograpllical refe1 enc es a11d index. fax: 1 515 292-3348 ISBN 0-8138-0379-9 (;ilk. paper) web s1te: www.blackwellprofesslonal.com l. Yelerü1ary microbiology. lDNLM: l. Animal Population Groups-microbiology. Blackwell Publislung Ltd 2. Veterinary Medicine. QW 70 VS86 2001] J. Hirsh, 9600 í.;irsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DOJ UK Dwight C. 11. MacLachlan, N1gel James. fII. Walker, Tel.: +44 (0)1865 776868 Richard L., DVM. Blackwcll Publishing J\sia Sl'780.2.V48 2004 s:io Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia 636.089' 69041-dc22 Tel.: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 2004008413 04814 ·rhc last digit is the print numbcr: 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1 ~ .~ '-; F 78D . - ') r-; e:; rz 061.., f J . l Dedications To Lucy, Dw1ght, and Ellzabeth for years of patience and understanding; and to the memory of my brother, Harry. -DH1ight C. Hirsh 'lo Kcn and Marion for lighting the fire of inquisitivcncss. -N. [ames MacLachlan To Dee Dee and Mary for thPir 11nderstandi.ng, and focus on what is really important. ~11pport, - Richard L. Walker Contents Contributors iX 19 Moraxella 119 DwTr.l-IT C. HrRSH A>'\JD ERNST L. B1RERSTEJN Preface Xi 20 Pseudornonas 122 c. DV\llGHT HtRSH 21 Taylorella equígenitalis 125 PAR'r l IN'fROl)UCfION 1 c. F.RNST L. BJBERSTEIN Ai'\ID DWIGHT HIRSH 1 Parasitism and Pathogeni(_ity 3 22 Spiral-Curved Organisms l: Borrelía 128 ERNST L. lliBERSTEIN R.ANCE B. LEFF..BVKE 2 lmmune Responses to Infectious Agents 6 2~ Spiral-C:urved Organisms TI: Rrachyspira LAUREL]. GERSHWJN (Serpulina) 131 3 Laboratory Diagnosis 15 DvVIGHT C. HIRSH Dw1c1 1T C. HrRs11, YUAN CmJNc. Zr.E, ANO 24 Spiral-Curved Organisms 111: Campylobacter, ANTHONY E. CASTRO Arcobacter, Lawsonia 134 c. 4 Antimicrobial Chen1otherapy 26 DWlGAT HIHSH ]OHN F. PR1::sc J.i.;FFREY L. STOTr RtCHARU L. WALKER 52 Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae 315 7l Nervous System 474 YuAN C11UNG ZEI'. AND N. jAMJ;S MACLACHLAN RICHARD L. WALKER 53 Adenoviridae 317 72 Oculdr lnf~ctiurn, 482 z.u YUAN CHUNG ANO N.JA\AJ:<; MACl.AC:Hl.AN RICHARD L. WALI<.ER 54 Hetpesviridae 320 73 Respiratory Systcm 487 ALEX A. ARDANS RlCHARD L. WALKER 55 Poxviridac 333 74 Urogenital System 496 N. jAMFS MACLACHLAN ANO JEFFRF.Y L. $TOTI RICHARD L. WALKLR 56 Picornaviridae 339 N. JAMES MACLACHLAN, YU/\N CllUNG ZEE, Al'\D Index 505 JEHREY L. Sron 57 Culidviridu~ 346 YtJAN CHUNG ZF.F. ANO N.JAMES MACLACHLAN C o nt ribut ors Alex A. Artl, DVM, MS janet E. Foley, DVM, PhD Protcssor, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine anrl Director, California Animal Health and Food Safety Epidemiology Laboratory Systern Scl1ool of Vele1i na1y Mcuil.:i r 1e School of Veterinary Medicine University oí California University of California Davis, California Davis, California James G. Fox, DVM Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, BVSc, PhD ProfC'c;c;or anrl Ilirector, Division of Comparative Medicine Associate Research Molecular Virologist Massachusctts lnstitutc ofTcchnology Dcpartn1ent of Pathology, Microbiology and Cambridge, Massachusetts Immunology School of Veterinary tvledicine Frederickj. Fuller, PhD Univcrsity of California Professor, Depa1l111enl of Povulaliu11 Health and Dav1S, c:aiifornia PathobioJogy College of Veterinary Medicine Bradd C. Barr, DVM, Pl1D North Carolina State Univcrsily Professor, Departme11t of Pathology, Microbiology, and Raleigh, North Carolina Tmmunology; California Animal Hcalth and Pood Safcty Lnboratory LnurelJ. Gershwin, DVM, PhD SchooI of Veterinary Medicine Professor, [)epartment of Pathology, and ~1icrobiology, University of California Immunology; Davis, CA 95616 Chief, Clinical Immunology, Virology, and Microbiology Service Ernst L. Biberstein, DVM, PhD Veterinary Medica! Teaching Hospital Professor Emeritus, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine Microbiology, and In1111unology Universily ofCali(urnia School of Veterinary Medicine Davis, California lJnivcrsity of California Dovi:i, California D"vight C. Ili.l'.sh, DVM, I'hD Professor Emeritus, Departmcnt of Pathology, Anthony E. Castro, DVM, PhD Microbiology, and Immunology Department of Veterinary Scicnccs School ofVeterinary Medicine Pennsylvania State U11iversity U11iver:.ity uf Califurnia University l'ark, l'ennsylvania Davis, California Bruno B. Chomel, DVM, PhD Rickie W. Kaste11, Plill Associate Professor, Dcpartment of Population Health lJepartment ot Population Health and Reproduction and Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine Univcrsity of California U r li ver:.i l y uf CCtlifur1lia Davis, California Davis, California Rance B. LeFebvre, PhD Richard M. Donovan, PhD Prufessor, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Viral and R1ckettsial Visease Laboratory Tmmunology í:!'lliforni;i Oep;irtment of Health Services School of Veterinary Medicine Richmond, California University of California Davis, California . IX Preface Thls book is intended for vcterlnary students, to accom Part TV deals with the intectious agcnts in the context pany and supplPmPnt thPir first courses in pathogenic of the host. This section is organized by organ system. bacteriology-mycology and virology (Parts l tl1rough III), Each urgan system is dtscussed flrst as a microbial habitat, as well as subsequent courses dealing with infectious dis followerl hy disc11ssion of tbose infecti01.1s agents that cascs (Part IV). The focus includes pathogcnic mcchanis1ns mainly affect that particular systen1. and proccsses in infectious diseases; methods of diagnosis; 'fhe content and organization of this book varíes some and principies of resistance, prevention, and therapy. A what from the last cdition of Veterinary Micro/Jiology worki11g k11uwl1::<.lge uf general mlcroblology is assumed. (1999). Most notable is the organization of the infectious Beyond serving as a rPso11ríP for students, the book is agents discussed in Part 11, the bacteria and fungí. Thcsc also meant to serve as a convenient reference for vete1li1a1- agcots are now dlscussed w!thout regard to major organ ians and veterinary scientists whose main line of activity system, hutal ong morP traditional grounds (i.e., morphol and expertise is outside the areas of microbiology. ogy and gram reaction in the case of U1e bacteria! ageut:s, The book is divided into four sections. l'art l deats with and yeast vs. mold for the fungal agents). A major changc the general characteristics of the host-parasite relation in the content of this cdition is thc addition of Part TV, shlp, laboratory diagnosis of condltlons Involving an in which deals with the infectious agents along more clini fectious etiology, antimicrobial treatment, and prevention catly useful lincs. In addition, we havc climinatcd rcfcr of iufecLious disea:;1::. ences fron1 the end of each chapter. Aside from a space n Parts (bacteria anrl fungi) anrl 111 (vinJSPS) present the saving device, allnost universal access to the Internet and infectious agents that affcct thc veterinary species. TJ1c vi1 Lual librarie:; cuak<:: :;uch references redundant. chapters deating with the bacteria! agents are grouped We gratefully acknowlcdge Natalie Karst, whose help is mainly by morphology, and their gram stainingcharacter much apprcciatcd. Spccial thanks go to Dede Andersen lsttcs. ·rhe fungal agents are S?;rouped mainly by morpho and Tad Ringo of Htackwell Publishing, who have been un logic characteristics (yeast, mold). ·rhe viruses are grouped believably patient and extrcmcly hclpful in gctting our cf a long taxonomic grounds. fort to press. • XI I n t r o d u c t i o n

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