Veterinary Microbiology (2ed-opt)

537 Pages·85.94 MB·Spanish

by  Hirsh Dwight

Second Edition
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Bibliotf!ca I C A P
Second Edition
Dwight C. Hirsh
N. James Maclachlan
Richard L. Walker
Blackwell
Publishing
Dwight C. Hirsh, DVM, PhD, is cmeritus professor, Authori7.<1tinn tn phntocopy items for internal or per
Department of Patl1ology, Microl.Jiulogy a11d sonal use, or the interna! or personal use of spccific
Im mu nology, l Jnivcrsity of California-Davis. clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that
thc base fcc of $.10 per copy is paid dircctly to the
Jan1es
N. MacLachla11, DVM. PhD, is protcssor, Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,
Dcpart1ncnt of Pathology, Microbiology and Oanvcrs, MA 01923. For those organizations tl1at have
cc:c,
l1nmunology, Universíty of California-Davis. bee11 granted a photocopy lic<.:n:.c l.Jy a separate
'Y'-t<'m of paymt>nt.<; has hf'Pn arranged. ·rhe fec code
Richard L. Walker, DVM, Pl1D, MPVM, is profe:;sor of for users of the Transactional Rcporting Service is
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clinical cliagnostic bacteriology, California Animal Health 0-8138-0379-9/2004 $.1
and Food Safcty Laboratory, Univcrsity of Califorrúa
Davis. l'rinted on ac1d-free paper in the United States of America
©2004 13lack'Well Publishing Flrst editlon, ©1999 Blackwcll S\.:ieuce, 111c.
J\11 rights reserved Second edition, ©7Jl04 Bl;ir.kwell Publishing
Blackwell Publishing Profession¡ll Library (>f Congress Cataloging-in-PubJicatio11 LJata
2121 Slatc Ave11ue, An1es, Iowa 50014, USJ\ Vctcrinary microbiology / [edited byj Dwight C. Hirsh,
N. James MacLachlan, llichar<.l L. Walker.-2n<.l e<.J.
Ordcrs: 1-800-862-6657 p.; cm.
Office: 1-515-292-0140 lncludes bibliograpllical refe1 enc es a11d index.
fax: [phone] ISBN 0-8138-0379-9 (;ilk. paper)
web s1te: www.blackwellprofesslonal.com l. Yelerü1ary microbiology.
lDNLM: l. Animal Population Groups-microbiology.
Blackwell Publislung Ltd 2. Veterinary Medicine. QW 70 VS86 2001] J. Hirsh,
9600 í.;irsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DOJ UK Dwight C. 11. MacLachlan, N1gel James. fII. Walker,
Tel.: [phone] Richard L., DVM.
Blackwcll Publishing J\sia Sl'780.2.V48 2004
s:io Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia 636.089' 69041-dc22
Tel.: [phone] 2004008413
04814
·rhc last digit is the print numbcr: 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1
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Dedications
To Lucy, Dw1ght, and Ellzabeth for years of patience and understanding; and to the memory of my brother, Harry.
-DH1ight C. Hirsh
'lo Kcn and Marion for lighting the fire of inquisitivcncss.
-N. [ames MacLachlan
To Dee Dee and Mary for thPir 11nderstandi.ng, and focus on what is really important.
~11pport,
- Richard L. Walker
Contents
Contributors iX 19 Moraxella 119
DwTr.l-IT C. HrRSH A>'\JD ERNST L. B1RERSTEJN
Preface Xi 20 Pseudornonas 122
c.
DV\llGHT HtRSH
21 Taylorella equígenitalis 125
PAR'r l IN'fROl)UCfION 1
c.
F.RNST L. BJBERSTEIN Ai'\ID DWIGHT HIRSH
1 Parasitism and Pathogeni(_ity 3 22 Spiral-Curved Organisms l: Borrelía 128
ERNST L. lliBERSTEIN R.ANCE B. LEFF..BVKE
2 lmmune Responses to Infectious Agents 6 2~ Spiral-C:urved Organisms TI: Rrachyspira
LAUREL]. GERSHWJN (Serpulina) 131
3 Laboratory Diagnosis 15 DvVIGHT C. HIRSH
Dw1c1 1T C. HrRs11, YUAN CmJNc. Zr.E, ANO 24 Spiral-Curved Organisms 111: Campylobacter,
ANTHONY E. CASTRO Arcobacter, Lawsonia 134
c.
4 Antimicrobial Chen1otherapy 26 DWlGAT HIHSH
]OHN F. PR1::sc<J1T 25 Spiral-Curved Organisms TV: Helicobacter-
5 Antimicrobial Drugs: A Str<itegy for R<ition<il TJse The Spiral Shaped Microorganisms of the
and Ll1e Ran1iflcalio11s of Misuse 44 Gastroi.ntestinal Tract and Livcr 141
DwtGHT C. H1RSH JAMES G. Fox
6 Vaccincs 48 26 ()rganisms V: Leptospira 118
Spiral~Curved
N. ]AMES MACLi\CHLAN AND DWIGHT C. I-IIRSH RANCE B. LEFEBVRE
27 Staphylococcus 153
Ü\.YICiHT C. HlR.'iH ANU ERNST L. BIBERSTEIN
PART II BACTERIA A.NO FUNGl 55
28 Streptococcus and Enterococcus 159
7 Family Enterubacleríac:eae 57 DWlGHT C. HTRSH AND ERNST L. BlllF.RSTETN
e:.
DvVTGHT HrRSH 29 Arcanohacterium 168
8 E11terobact:eriaceae: Escherichía 61 Ü\"/JGHT C. HlRSH AND ERNST L. BIBERSTEIN
DWIGHT C. HIRSH 30 Bacillus 170
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9 Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella 69 Ü\.YIGHT HIRSH AND ERNST L. BlllERSTEIN
DWIGHT C. HIR~H 31 Corynebacterium 175
10 Enterobacteriaceae: Ye.rsinia 75 DvVIGHT C. H 1RSH AND ERNST L. RTUERSTEJN
DW!GHT C. HIRSH 32 Erysipelothrix 181
11 Enterobacteriaceae: Shigella 81 RJCHARO L. WALKER
ÜWJGHT C. lllRSH 33 Listeria 185
12 Pasteurellaceae: Pasteurella, Mannhein1ia 84 RICllARI) L. WAl.KBH
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DWTGTTT HrnsH AND ERNST L. BIBERSTEIN 34 Rhodococcus 190
13 Pasteurellaceae: Actinoba.cillus 91 D\\TIGHT C. I-l!RSH AND ERNST L. BIBP.RSTEIN
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L. 35 Non- Spore-Forming Clbligate Anaerohes 193
DWIGHT HIPSH AND IlP.NST BlBEPSrEIN
14 Pasteurellaceae: Haen1ophilus a11d Histophilus 95 DWIGHT C. H!RSH
Dw1GHT C. H IRSH AND EHNST L. BIBERSTEIN 36 Clostridiu1n 198
15 Bordetella 100 DWIGHT C. HJRSH AND ERNST L. IllllERSTE!N
lYWIGHT C. HIRSH ANO ERNST L. Hl.BERSTl'.fN 37 filamentous Bacteria: Actinorrzyces, Nocardia,
16 Brucella 105 Dermatophilus, and Strcptobacillus 215
RlCHAilD L. WALKER ERNST L. BIBERSTElN i\ND ÜWIGHT C. H!RSH
17 Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia :38 A!fycobacterium 223
p::;eutlornu lid 113 DWKiHT C. HlRSli AND ERNST L. BIBERSTEIN
DWTGHT C. HTRSH AND ERNST L. BIDERSTEIN 39 C;h/an1ydíaceae
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18 Francisclla tularensis 117 DWIGHT C. Tl JRSii AND ERNS'l' L. DIJJERSTEIN
IJWTGHT C. HTRSH AND ERNST L . .BIBEHSTEIN
Vll
viii Contents
40 Mollicutes 240 58 Tognviridae ;in<I Plaviviridae 351
RrCHARU L. WALKLJ{ N. ]AMF.5 MAcLACHLAN ANO ]F.FFRF.Y L. STOTr
41 Rir.kett.~iae: Rickettsia, Coxiella, and Orientia 250 59 Orthomyxoviridac and Bunyaviridae :~61
JANET E. FoLtY, ERNST L. nrnr.RsTe::1N, AND Au:x A. J\ROJ\NS AND N. JAMES MAcLACHLl\N
DWJGHT c. HIRSH 60 Paramyxoviridae, Fifoviridae, and Bornaviridae 369
42 .Hhrlichiac: Ehrlíchia and Neorickettsia 253 YVAN CHUNG ZF.F. ANO N. ]AMES MACLAC:HLAN
JANtT E. fOLEY, ERNST L. BJBERSTEIN ANO 61 Rhabdoviridae 377
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DwJGHT C. HmsH YUAN CHIJN(; 7FF AND N. ]i\MFS MACLA.CHLAN
43 Anaplasmataceae 257 62 Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae 383
}ANn F.. Frn.FY A1'TI F.RNST I .. B1BF.RSTEIN UDE."Jl .B. R. BALJ\SURIYA A:--10 IEFFREY L. STOTI
44 Darro11e/laccae 260 63 Rcoviridac 398
BRUNO B. CHOMEL ANO füCKI~. w. KAsTEN N. JAMf.S MACLAC:Hl.AN ANI) JtHIU.Y L. StUTI
45 Ycasts Cryptococcus, Malassezia, and Candida 265 64 Birnaviridae 407
DWIGHT C. HIRSH ANO ERNST L. BIBERSTEII\ N. ]ANt.tS MAcLACHLAN ANU ]EFFRF.Y L. STurr
16 Dermatophytes 273 65 Retroviridae 409
El!.NST L. BmF.RSTEIN ANU Dw1c;111· C. HtK.~H RICHARD M . DoNOVAN 1\Nt) Í'REDERICK]. fuu.F.R
47 Agents of Subcutaneous Myro<;p<; 279 66 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies 427
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DWIGHT C. HIRSH ANO ERNST L. BIBER~TCIN BRADD BAIU\ t\J'fü YUAN CHUNG ZEE
48 Agents of Systemic Mycoses 285
DwtGHT C. HJRSll ANO ER~ST L. B11mnSTEIN PARTIV CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 435
PART l1l VJRUSF.S 299 67 Circulatory System and Lymphoid Tissues 4~7
RICHARD L. WAt.Kf.K
49 Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases 301 68 Digestive System anrl A<;<;oci;ited Organs 446
YUAN CHUNG ZH AND N.)A MES MACLACHLAt-. RICHARD L. WALKER
50 Parvoviridae and Circovirirlae ~0.5 69 lntegumentary System 45!:)
YUAN CttUNG ZF.F. AND N. JAMt::S Mi\CLACHLAN RICHARD L. WALKl\R
.'il Asfarviridae and Iridoviridae 312 70 Musculoskeletal System 468
N. )AMES MACLAC:HLAN ANL> J.i.;FFREY L. STOTr RtCHARU L. WALKER
52 Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae 315 7l Nervous System 474
YuAN C11UNG ZEI'. AND N. jAMJ;S MACLACHLAN RICHARD L. WALKER
53 Adenoviridae 317 72 Oculdr lnf~ctiurn, 482
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YUAN CHUNG ANO N.JA\AJ:<; MACl.AC:Hl.AN RICHARD L. WALI<.ER
54 Hetpesviridae 320 73 Respiratory Systcm 487
ALEX A. ARDANS RlCHARD L. WALKER
55 Poxviridac 333 74 Urogenital System 496
N. jAMFS MACLACHLAN ANO JEFFRF.Y L. $TOTI RICHARD L. WALKLR
56 Picornaviridae 339
N. JAMES MACLACHLAN, YU/\N CllUNG ZEE, Al'\D Index 505
JEHREY L. Sron
57 Culidviridu~ 346
YtJAN CHUNG ZF.F. ANO N.JAMES MACLACHLAN
C o nt ribut ors
Alex A. Artl<tn:>, DVM, MS janet E. Foley, DVM, PhD
Protcssor, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine anrl
Director, California Animal Health and Food Safety Epidemiology
Laboratory Systern Scl1ool of Vele1i na1y Mcuil.:i r 1e
School of Veterinary Medicine University oí California
University of California Davis, California
Davis, California
James G. Fox, DVM
Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, BVSc, PhD ProfC'c;c;or anrl Ilirector, Division of Comparative Medicine
Associate Research Molecular Virologist Massachusctts lnstitutc ofTcchnology
Dcpartn1ent of Pathology, Microbiology and Cambridge, Massachusetts
Immunology
School of Veterinary tvledicine Frederickj. Fuller, PhD
Univcrsity of California Professor, Depa1l111enl of Povulaliu11 Health and
Dav1S, c:aiifornia PathobioJogy
College of Veterinary Medicine
Bradd C. Barr, DVM, Pl1D North Carolina State Univcrsily
Professor, Departme11t of Pathology, Microbiology, and Raleigh, North Carolina
Tmmunology;
California Animal Hcalth and Pood Safcty Lnboratory LnurelJ. Gershwin, DVM, PhD
SchooI of Veterinary Medicine Professor, [)epartment of Pathology, and
~1icrobiology,
University of California Immunology;
Davis, CA 95616 Chief, Clinical Immunology, Virology, and Microbiology
Service
Ernst L. Biberstein, DVM, PhD Veterinary Medica! Teaching Hospital
Professor Emeritus, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine
Microbiology, and In1111unology Universily ofCali(urnia
School of Veterinary Medicine Davis, California
lJnivcrsity of California
Dovi:i, California D"vight C. Ili.l'.sh, DVM, I'hD
Professor Emeritus, Departmcnt of Pathology,
Anthony E. Castro, DVM, PhD Microbiology, and Immunology
Department of Veterinary Scicnccs School ofVeterinary Medicine
Pennsylvania State U11iversity U11iver:.ity uf Califurnia
University l'ark, l'ennsylvania Davis, California
Bruno B. Chomel, DVM, PhD Rickie W. Kaste11, Plill
Associate Professor, Dcpartment of Population Health lJepartment ot Population Health and Reproduction
and Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine
School of Veterinary Medicine Univcrsity of California
U r li ver:.i l y uf CCtlifur1lia Davis, California
Davis, California
Rance B. LeFebvre, PhD
Richard M. Donovan, PhD Prufessor, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and
Viral and R1ckettsial Visease Laboratory Tmmunology
í:!'lliforni;i Oep;irtment of Health Services School of Veterinary Medicine
Richmond, California University of California
Davis, California
.
IX
Preface
Thls book is intended for vcterlnary students, to accom Part TV deals with the intectious agcnts in the context
pany and supplPmPnt thPir first courses in pathogenic of the host. This section is organized by organ system.
bacteriology-mycology and virology (Parts l tl1rough III), Each urgan system is dtscussed flrst as a microbial habitat,
as well as subsequent courses dealing with infectious dis followerl hy disc11ssion of tbose infecti01.1s agents that
cascs (Part IV). The focus includes pathogcnic mcchanis1ns mainly affect that particular systen1.
and proccsses in infectious diseases; methods of diagnosis; 'fhe content and organization of this book varíes some
and principies of resistance, prevention, and therapy. A what from the last cdition of Veterinary Micro/Jiology
worki11g k11uwl1::<.lge uf general mlcroblology is assumed. (1999). Most notable is the organization of the infectious
Beyond serving as a rPso11ríP for students, the book is agents discussed in Part 11, the bacteria and fungí. Thcsc
also meant to serve as a convenient reference for vete1li1a1- agcots are now dlscussed w!thout regard to major organ
ians and veterinary scientists whose main line of activity system, hutal ong morP traditional grounds (i.e., morphol
and expertise is outside the areas of microbiology. ogy and gram reaction in the case of U1e bacteria! ageut:s,
The book is divided into four sections. l'art l deats with and yeast vs. mold for the fungal agents). A major changc
the general characteristics of the host-parasite relation in the content of this cdition is thc addition of Part TV,
shlp, laboratory diagnosis of condltlons Involving an in which deals with the infectious agents along more clini
fectious etiology, antimicrobial treatment, and prevention catly useful lincs. In addition, we havc climinatcd rcfcr
of iufecLious disea:;1::. ences fron1 the end of each chapter. Aside from a space
n
Parts (bacteria anrl fungi) anrl 111 (vinJSPS) present the saving device, allnost universal access to the Internet and
infectious agents that affcct thc veterinary species. TJ1c vi1 Lual librarie:; cuak<:: :;uch references redundant.
chapters deating with the bacteria! agents are grouped We gratefully acknowlcdge Natalie Karst, whose help is
mainly by morphology, and their gram stainingcharacter much apprcciatcd. Spccial thanks go to Dede Andersen
lsttcs. ·rhe fungal agents are S?;rouped mainly by morpho and Tad Ringo of Htackwell Publishing, who have been un
logic characteristics (yeast, mold). ·rhe viruses are grouped believably patient and extrcmcly hclpful in gctting our cf
a long taxonomic grounds. fort to press.
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XI
I n t r o d u c t i o n