NEW OCTOPUS SPECIES FROM QUEENSLAND MARK D.NORMAN Norman, M.D. 2001 06 30: New octopus species from Queensland. Memoirs of the QueenslandMuseum 46(2); 677-690. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Three new octopus species are added to the growing list ofAustralian octopods. All are knownsolelyonthebasisoftrawl material from habitatsnoteasily surveyed usingstandard divingtechniques. Octopusharpedonsp.nov. attainsarmspansinexcessof2m. Itoccursin shallow muddy waters in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Octopus bulbus sp. nov. is also a long-armed species, which possesses a swollen bulbous ligula and askin ridge aroundthe lateral mantle. Octopus micros sp. nov. is tiny (mature at <25mm mantle length), the first pygmy speciesto be reported with a lateral mantle ridge. The latter2 species occuron the continental shelf off southern Queensland in water depths of 18-195m and 166~195m, respectively. The phylogenetic affinities and potential life styles ofthese octopuses are O discussed in light oftheir morphological attributes. Octopus, taxonomy, morphology?, Queensland, Cephalopoda. Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkvillc 3052, Australia; Present address: Marine Invertebrates, Melbourne Museum, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, 3001. Australia (e-mail: m.norman(d\unimelb.edu.au); 17March2000. Research into benthic octopuses of Australia affinities and potential habits of these tttle- and the Indo-West Pacific region over the past known creatures are discussed. decadehasrevealedmorethan 70newspecies of SYSTEMATICS octopus in Australian waters (Stranks, 1988a-b, 1990; Norman, 1992, 1993a-d, 1998; Stranks & FAMILY OCTOPODIDAE Norman, 1993; Norman et al., 1997; Norman, unpubl. data), the bulk of which await formal Octopus harpedon sp. nov. description. Within this fauna are 3 distinctive (Figs 1-2, 9A-B, 10A-C) and very different octopus species from Queensland waters. MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: Id,: 56.9mm ML, AMC30411, Albatross Bay, near Weipa, Gulf of The 'Spaghetti Octopus', Octopus harpedon Carpentaria. PARATYPE: 19, 96.1mm ML, AM sp.nov. isreportedfromtheshallowwatersofthe C304112, SE Gulf of Carpentaria, 16°27'4(rS, GulfofCarpentaria. This octopus has extremely \4\°\5'2TE,2xx\. weloounlgdataettaarimnsa(rumptsopa1nstiomfe>s2mamntwlheelnenfgotrha)gainndg TYPE LOCALITY. Albatross Bay, near Weipa, Gulfof over its soft sediment habitat. Carpentaria,Australia The other two species were collected from ETYMOLOGY.Greekharpedon,thread-like;referringto continental shelfwaters (>150m) off the south elongate, thread-like arms."Spaghetti Octopus11 is coastofQueensland. The 'Swell-Club Octopus*, proposedas acommon name. Octopus bulhus sp. nov., is also long-armed DIAGNOSIS. Moderate-sized (ML to 96mm) (armsto 5 timesmantlelength)with adistinctive with spindle-shaped mantle and bulbous eyes. swollen ligula. Arm spans oflive animals would Arms greatly elongate, up to 9 times mantle be up to 50cm. This species possesses a length. Second arm pair appears longest (arm distinctive lateral mantle ridge. formula approximately 2>1=3>4). Webs very shallow, less than 5% of arm length. The 'Pygmy KeeledOctopus', Octopusmicros sp. nov., istinywith an arm spanof<12cm and a Approximately 270 suckers on intact arms of weight of<6g. It is the first pygmy species to be mheacttuorcoetylainsiemda,lvse.ryTshhiorrtd(ornilgyht20a%rmofolefngmtahloef reported with a lateral mantle ridge. opposite ann) and bearing 49 suckers. 10-1 1 gill There are few specimens available for these lamellae per demibranch. Eggs large-type. Skin species, all originatingfrom trawlsurveys.None largely unpigmented, dark blue subdermal of these new species have been observed live. pigment around eyes produces 'bruised' Based on the available material, the taxonomic appearance. Skin smooth. Lateral ridge absent. , : MEMOIRSOF QUtfiNSUAMDMUSEUM Till 33.5% of funnel length), funnel organ not evident in either specimen Arms cxtrcmelv long, longest>5 times mantle length (o: 5.9 x ML; £: 9,1 X ML) Arms narrowrelativetomantle length 6 £.3%flfML; i : 9 |e\ fio/en]: 5.9% of ML), widest midway alongarm. roughly square in cross section. Anns unequal in length, ventral pairdistinctlyshortest. second pair appears longest (arm formula. -2 1>3>4, ?: -2>J-3>4). Suckers in two n aMnLd),ofsmloigdhetrlayieelesviazete(dSw:i7tJh)o%nloyfMsLli,ght?H:a5r.e0.%Noof enlarged suckers evident in either sex. Approximately 280 suckers on intact arms of mature animals($ : 272suckerson leftthirdarm: 9: 291 suckers on left third arm). Webs tiny, shortest relative to arm length reported lor any octopus 6 deepestweb3.9%oflongestarm; ¥ deepest (web: 2A% oflongest arm). Web sectors: approximately equal in length. Web margins along arms absent. Third right arm of males hectoeotylised. Modified arm very short, less than mantle length FIG I. (hlt>fw-; iWhirKpi-'Je/) Spi (79;1% of ML), and around 20% Df length &f ,( ,' ImMvpo. 30411)=. opposite arm (20.4% of opposite arm). Ligula A. dofSnl view (scale bur moderate-size (7.3% of arm length, 5.8% of Stimraj; B, mantle and arm mantle length), inthe formofasmall thick-lipped crown (scale bar = 30mm}; C, spoon with transverse creases across the open copulutory organ (scale bar = ligula groove (Fig. 1C). Calamus distinct and . n). sharp, approximately one half of ligula length (54.6% o(' ligula). Spermatophore groove well developed and wide with tine transversecreases. DESCRIPTION.Countsandmeasurementswere Spermatophore guide distinct with a ridge Of taken offa single specimen ofeach sex. the only elevated square papillae, forty-nine suckers on known specimens ofthisdistinctivespecies. Raw hectoeotylised arm ofsingle male morphological data are presented in Table Gills with 10-31 lamellae on both inner and I outerdemibranchs, plus terminal lamella. Moderate sued species with extremely long arms (Figs 1A-B. 9ArB); mantle lengths (ML) Digestive tract (Fig. 2A). Anterior salivary 56.9mm tor male holotype and 96.1mm for glands extend along approximately one third of female paratype. Total lengthof 5 594mm and ? buccal mass from posterior margin on dorsal 997mm: weight toai least 1 04g. Mantleelongate surface-Posteriorsalivaryglandselongateandof to spindle-shaped, much longer than wide ( ct moderate length (similar in length to buccal width 35.1% of Ml,; 8: width 24,9% of ML), mass, approximately 30% of digestive gland mantle walls thin to moderately muscular. Head length). Crop diverticulum present, long and narrowerthanmantle( rj : 26.4%ofML. 75,0%of narrow. Stomach bipartite. Caecum coiled in mantlewidth: § 15.S^t.ofML. 63.6% ofmantle approximately 1.5whorlswithdistinctstriations. : width). Eyes moderate to small, only slightly Digestivegland longandnarrow, not bound inan pronounced. Stylets absent- Mantle aperture o\' iridescent membrane. Narrow intestine relieved moderaie width, approximately half several times in proximal third. Ink sac well circumference of body at level of opening. developed, embedded in ventral surface of Funnel narrow and elongate,approximately 50% digestive gland. Anal flaps absent. Upper beak ofmantlelength 3 51.5% ofML; 9 47,9% of with a hooked rostrum, concave and notched on ( : : ML), free portion short, approximately one third the cutting edge, and a small hood (Fig. 2B). of funnel length ( 6 : 23.9% offunnel length; J : Lower beak with narrow short rostrum, hood NEW OCTOPUSES FROM QUEENSLAND 679 narrow, widely spread wings and slightly flared lateralwalls(Fig. 2C-D). Radulawith 7teethand 2 marginal plates in each transverse row (Fig. 10A-C). Rhaehidiantooth with 2-3 lateral cusps, on each side of moderately long medial cone (Fig. 10A). Lateral cusps in asymmetrical seriation, migrating from lateral to medial position over 7-8 transverse rows (Fig. OB). 1 Firstlateralteethunicuspidatewith cusp towards lateral edge. Second lateral teeth unicuspidate and longwithcurvedbase. Lateral marginalteeth straight. Marginal plates oblong and plain (Fig. IOC). Malegenitaltractnot fully formed. Submature terminal organ ('penis' T-shaped with ) diverticulum slightly longerthan distal portion. Female genital tract not fully formed but eggs in tiny ovary already large and low in numbers (<100). This species would produce large eggs and the young are likely to be benthic on hatching.Oviductselongate,openingposteriorto the narrow short septum. Colour in life unknown. Preserved specimens uniformly cream ( 9 ) and pink (8) with dark subdermal pigmentation around the eyes ofboth specimens giving a 'bruised' appearance (Fig. IB). Dorsal White Spots {sensit Packard & Sanders, 1971) absent. Skin smooth. Lateral mantle ridge absent. Nothing is known of the bcoethyalviisoeudr aanrdmgeonferatlhebio6logsyu.ggTehsetsshomrotuhnectteod- FI—(Gb9.u,c2Ac.aMOlcCmta3osp0su4,s1c1h2=a)r:cpaaeesdc=ounma,nstpce.drin=oorcvr.soaAlpi,dviadvrieygregtslitacinuvdlesu,mt,rbaccmrt coocptuolpautsisopneciinesthwishesrpeecaielsonagsheocptpoocsoteydlitsoedotahremr =oc=roope,sdogph=agdiugse,stpisve-glpaonsdt,erii=orinstaesltiivnaer,yisgl=anidn,kssac=, enables copulation from a distance (as found in stomach (scale bar = 10mm). B-D, beaks {6 other long-armed species such as O. aculeatus, holotype, AM C3041 (scale bar= 3mm); B, upper Norman & Finn, 2001). Numerous spiral beak, lateral view; C,1)lower beak, lateral view; D, parasites were present along sections of the lower beak, ventral view. digestive tract, particularly adjacent to the crop and intestine. counts.ThisAsiantaxonhasbeentreatedundera numberofnamesbyvariousauthors: Octopussp. TAXONOM1C REMARKS. Only one other B. Voss & Williamson, 1972; Octopusjus formis Australian octopus has arms of comparable (non Brock, 1887) in Dong, 1987; Octopuis sp. 1 relative length. Ameloctopus litoralis Norman, Norman & Hochberg, 1994. It can be 1992 is an intertidal, smaller species (ML to distinguished from O. harpedon on the basis of 30mm) with arms up to 10 times the mantle differences in arm formula (1>2>3>4 versus length. It is distinguished from O. harpedon in second pair longest in O. harpedon) and that it has a much lower gill count (5-6 versus hectocotylised arm length (-50% versus 20% of 10-1 1 lamellaeperdemibranch),alinearterminal opposite arm length in O. harpedon). Additional organ which lacks a diverticulum, distinctive maturematerial ofbothtaxa isrequiredtofurther bands along the arms (compared with little resolvetherelationshipbetweentheseoctopuses. pigmentation in O. harpedon), anditlacksan ink sac. As for higher taxonomic affinities, O. An undescribed octopus from Hong Kong, harpedon shares a number of characters with China and Taiwan also shows similarities to this poorly-known Euaxoctopus Voss, 1971. Euax- new species, sharingsimilararm lengths and gill octopus contains 2 quite different species from 680 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM (2-3 per side). In the absence ofmature material of O. harpedon spermatophores can not be compared. The disparate composition ofEuax- octopus and the absence of replicate well- preserved material for both this genus and O. harpedon prevent further resolution of their affinities. Based on available material, I place this species in Octopus. Octopus harpedon shares several morphological characters with the 'Octopus macropusgroup'(Norman, 1993a).Thisgroup is characterised by an arm formula of 1>2>3>4, high gill counts (10+ lamellae per demibranch) and a rhachidian tooth of the radula with 2-3 cusps oneach sideofthe medial tooth, migrating from medial to lateral positions over 7-8 transverse rows. The radula and gill count ofO, harpedon match those ofthe Octopus macropus group but arm length, arm formula and ligula shape differ. Until more material becomes available (including fresh tissue for molecular analyses), the higher affinities of this distinctive octopus remain unknown. Octopus bulbus sp. nov. (Figs 3-5, 9C, 10D-F) MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: 16: 41.1mm ML, MV FIG. 3. Octopus bulhus sp. nov. {6 holotype, MV F87067, east ofMooloolaba, 16-20 miles north ofCape =mFa85n7tm0l6me7));(;scCaA,l,ecobdpaourrls=aatl1o0rvmyimeo)wr;ga(Bsn,caf(lsuecnanlebelarboar=rga=2n05(mmsmcma))l;.ebAa,r tMQMrouaVreweelt,nosFnlV,an'sdDoeuFbtiishehee-rrMniaerQsi.uee'Pe,nAs1Rl1Aa-nT13dY.PAEu9Sg0:-1190I86d1f:,mc5ol(3l1..606G-mm1S9m5iMmtL)h,,, F87068, East ofNoosa, southern Queensland, 63fin (116m),trawl, FV'RhondaLane', 12 Dec 1980,coll M. eithersideofthe Panama Isthmus. E.pillsburyae Potter, Queensland Fisheries; 1 9: 49.2mm ML, MV Voss, 1971 and E. panamensis Voss, 1975 share F87069, off Mooloolaba, southern Queensland, lOfin long arms ofwhich the second pair are longest, (18.4m),trawl, 1500-1600hrs,FV'RhondaLane', 14 Dec shallow webs, paired semi-circular ocelli on the 1980,coll. M. Potter, Queensland Fisheries. rmaandtullea, waitlharg1e-2crolpa,teraalrhaccuhsipdsianontoeotahchofsiddiee TYPE LOCALITY East of" Moololaba, southern Queensland,Australia. (typically 1), ablunt linearterminal organ with a diverticulum longer than the distal free portion, ETYMOLOGY.Latinbulbus, fleshyswelling;referringto and distinctive spermatophores with flattened the distinctive swollen ligula. 'Bulb-tip Octopus' is coils in the oral tip. The two member species proposedas acommonname. differ in thatE. panamensis has ahectocotylised DIAGNOSIS. Small (ML to 50mm) with left arm, a gill count of 11-13 lamellae, and a relatively long arms, approximately 5 times VV-shaped funnel organ, while E. pillsburyae mantle length. Dorsal arms longest, receding to hastherightthirdarmhectocotylised,agillcount ventral arm pair(arm formula 1>2>3>4). 7-8 gill of 7, and a W-shaped funnel organ. Octopus lamellae per demibranch. Approximately 200 harpedon shares the same arm formula (second suckers on intact arms. Third right arm of 6 6 pairlongest) andbluntlinearterminal organwith hectocotylised, bearing approximately 90 a diverticulum longerthanthe distal freeportion. suckers. Posterior salivary glands large and Itdiffers in lackingthe semicircularocelli onthe elongate (almost twice length of buccal mass, mantle and possesses a radula with a higher approximately 60% of digestive gland length). number oflateral cusps on the rhachidian tooth Ligula large (8% ofhectocotylised arm length) . : NEW OCTOPUSES EROM QUEENSLAND OS I with greatly swollen lips to the ligula groove. Spermatophores thick and short, approximately halfmantle length. Dorsal mantleandamicrown sculptured with scattered pink-red raised patches. Lateral ridge present. DESCRIPTION. Counts and measurements were taken off the only known specimens, 2 mature 8 S and a submature 9 Morphological . data are presented in Table 1 Moderate-sized elongate (Fig. 3A); mantle length to around 50mm (S: to 53.0mm ML, 9 49.2mm ML). Total length to 341mm; weight to at least 47g. Mantle elongate to spindle-shaped, much longer lhan wide (width 53.5% of ML in holotype,othermaterial distortedfromfreezing), mantle walls moderately muscular. Head approximately same width as mantle (53.3% of ML, 99.5%) of mantle width in holotype, other material distorted from freezing). Eyes large and pronounced- Stylets absent. Mantle aperture of moderate width, approximately half circumference of body at level of opening. Funnel broad-based, approximately one half ofmantle FIG. 4. OctMopVus bulbus sp. nov. digestive system < V length (41.8-62.2% of ML), free portion paratype, F87068);A,digestivetract:symbolsas in Fig. 2 (scale bar = 5mm). B-D, beaks; B, upper elongate, 32.1-56.0% of funnel length. Funnel beak, lateral view; C, lower beak, lateral view; D, organ W-shaped with broad limbs (Fig. 3A). lower beak, ventral view (scale bar= 3mm). Outer limbs slightly shorter in length than median limbs (outer limbs 86.4% of median limbs in holotype). Funnel organ occupies hectocotylisedann length, 16.1-21.9% ofmantle approximatelytwothirdsoffunnel length(59.8% length), in the form of an elongate oval with a offunnel length). deep closed groove (Eig. 3C-D). Calamus small and sharp, <20% ofligula length 7.2-18.2% of Arms long, approximately 5 times mantle ligula). Spermatophoregroovewel(l1developed,of length (longest 4.9-5.6 x ML). Arms of moderate width with fine transverse creases. moderate width relative to mantle length (13.9% Spermatophore guide not obvious. Approx- ofML), widest at one third ofann length from imately 90 suckers on hectocotylised ann (91, basethentaperingevenlytotip,roughlysquarein 94). crosssection. Armsunequalinlength,dorsalpair longest (arm formula: 1>2>3>4). Suckers in 2 Gills with 7-8 lamellae on bothinnerand outer rows and of moderate size (6.7-9.8% of ML), demibranchs, plus terminal lamella. Nsloighetlnylaerlgeevdatesducwkietrhsloewvifdleanretainnd eaidteheerp csuepx.. glaDnidgsesetxivteendtraaclton(gFiagp.pr4oAx)i.maAtnetleyrioonrestahliirvdaroyf Approximately 190 suckers on intact arms of buccal mass from posterior margin on dorsal mature animals (196 suckers on fourth right ann surface. Posterior salivary glands large and of holotype). Webs shallow and thin (deepest elongate (almost twice length of buccal mass, web 10.9-11.5% of longest arm in intact spec- approximately 60% of digestive gland length). imens). Dorsal and lateral web sectors approx- Crop diverticulum present, moderately small. (imwaetbelyfoerqmuuallainAl=eBng=thC,>vDe>ntEr)al.weWbesbshmaalrlgoiwnesr Stomach bipartite. Caecum coiled in 1.5 whorls, with distinct striations. Digestive gland approx- extendalongbothdorsal andventral aboraledges imately ovoid. Muscular intestine reflexed ofarms forlessthanonethirdoftheann length. approximately one third along length from Third right arm of 6 6 hectocotylised. proximal end. Ink sac wel-developed. embedded Modified arm relativelyshort,almost halfas long in ventral surface ofdigestive gland. Anal flaps as normal arms (2.0-2.5 x ML, 56.3% of present, small. Upper beak with a hooked opposite arm). Ligula large (8.0-8.6% of rostrum, concave on cutting edge, and moderate 682 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM cap contains thick coils ofejaculatory apparatus and bears a thick cap thread. Sperm reservoir long, 54% ofspermatophore length in holotype, containing a thick sperm cord forming coiled in approximately 24 regular whorl. Only 2 specimen is submature. Submature eggs large-type and produced in low numbers (<100). The large eggs indicate thatjuveniles are likely to adopt a benthic habit on hatching. Colour in life unknown. Preserved specimens cream with pink-red raised patches scattered on dorsal mantle and upper arm crown. Pink low small papillae on dorsal skin between larger patches. Regularfine papillae on ventral mantle. Dark blue subdermal pigmentation around eyes withsuperficialredbrownchromatophores(Figs 3A, 9C). Webs cream in contrast to pink brown arms. Dorsal White Spots (sensu Packard & Sanders, 1971)absent. Scatteringoflowpapillae pronounced around eyes. Lateral mantle ridge present. Small regular low papillae on ventral mantle within lateral ridges. Nothing known of behaviour or general FI(G6.h5o.loOtcytpoep,uMsVbuFlSbu7s06s7p)..nAo,v.rerperpordoudcutcitvievetrascyt:stmegm biology. =ss{ss'pppppeemeeerrurnrmmcimmaasi'talrloe)ota,sppgoehhveproodnvhrrooioe-iuc:rrsvig(agelscslacaaandnld=edeg,,flbteeaanr=jnrseadnct=,=esusl5t(Naimstses,cmoegar)tld2y.oeh=aab-mpatpr'easr=ramaicst5nacucamse,lm;s)sosg;rsolrgraBy==n, DkTsonIAuoStXwThOenRrNInfBOQrUMuoTem1IeCnOosNnll.RaynEdO3M,cAtsoiRpnpeKuc1sSi8m.-be1un9lsO5b,cmut.scooplsupls.ectnbeoudvl.boufissf shares a number ofattributes with O. australis hood (Fig. 4B). Lower beak with pointed Stranks&Norman, 1993,alsofoundinshallower rostrum, narrow hood, widely-spread wings and waters in the region. Both species share a lateral slightly flared lateral walls (Fig. 4C-D). Radula ridge, bulbous ligula and similar gill counts (7-8 with 7 teeth and 2 marginal plates in each inO. bulbusversus7-9inO. australis).However, transverse row (Fig. 10D-F). Rhachidian tooth these taxa have very different floorplans and reproductive characters, suggesting separate with2-3 lateral cusps,typically 2, oneachsideof evolutionary origins. Octopus bulbus has arm longthinmedialcone(Fig. 1OD).Lateralcuspsin andweb formulaeinwhichdorsalarmsandwebs asymmetrical seriation, migrating from lateral to are longer/deeper (AF 1>2>3>4, WF A=B=C medial position over 7-8 transverse rows (Fig. >D>E), whereas O. australis has longer/deeper t1o0Ew)a.rdFsirstlatlaetrearlaletdegeet.h uSneiccuosnpdidaltaetewrialthtceuestph tlyaptiecraalllyarDm>sC>aBn>dE>wAe)b.s (OcAtFop3u>s2>bu4l>blu,s aWlsFo unicuspidate with curved base. Lateral marginal has longer arms (4.9-5.6 versus 2.7-4.3 X ML), teeth robust and curved. Marginal plates oblong shallower webs (10-12% versus 20-30% of and plain (Fig. 10F). longest arm), a proportionally shorter hecto- Male genitalia (Fig. 5A). Terminal organ cotylised arm (56% versus 66-86% length of ('penis') robust and roughly linear with a opposite arm)with a highersuckercount (91, 94 diverticulum of similar length as the free distal versus 62-77), absence of enlarged suckers in portion. Distorted by spermatophore in holotype mature 6 6 (suckers 6.7-9.8% versus (Fig. 5A). Spermatophores (Fig. 5B) short, 12.6-15.3% ML), and spermatophores with far around halfmantle length (22mm, 53.5% ofML fewer sperm cord whorls (24 versus >60). in holotype), and thick (1.1mm, 2.7% of ML), The longer dorsal arms (arm formula produced in low numbers (1 in spermatophore 1>2>3>4)andamulticuspidradula(2-3 cuspson storagesac, 1 interminal organ in holotype).Oral each side ofthe rhachidian tooth) are similar to V NEW OCTOPUSES FROM QUEENSLAND M\ thoseofthe ''Octopusmacropusgroup'(Norman, 1993a). However, the gill count of7-8 IS lower B than any previously reported tor the group all of which possess 10-15 lamellae per demibranch. Until more material becomes available (including fresh tissue for molecular analyses). the higher affinities remain unknown. Octopus micros sp, nov. (Figs 6-ft QD, 106-11) MATERIAL, HOLOTYPH: v IK.Kmm ML, MV ! FS7070, east of Modoofaba, 16-20 miles north ofCape Moretoa southern Queensland, 9Q-106&n (166-195m). trawl,FV bDcbic-Marie\ 11-13 Aug 1981,coll. G Smith. Q2u4e.e5nmsmlanMdL.FishMerViesF.7P8aSrIa5t.ypeosf:f IM/o:ol2o(o>l.a7bmam, MsLou.th1er?n! Queensland, trawl FV lDebie-M;iric\ 11-13 Aug 1981. G coll. Smith, Queensland Fisheries(nodepthdatal. TYPE LOCALITY fast of Moololaha, southern Queensland. FTYMOIXKJY, (Ti-eekniikres, small referringtoitssmall M/c. 'Pygmy Keeled Octopus is proposed as a common name. DIAGNOSIS. Small species(MLto25mm)with short amis (2*3 :< ML) ofapproximately equal length, dorsal pair slightly snorter. Lateral webs slightlydeeperthandorsalweb. Enlarged suckers absent in both sexes. Cfills with 6 lamellae per demibranch. Hectocotylised arm (third right) approximately 80% of length o\' opposite arm. HO. 6. OciOpUS micm.s sp. nov id holoiype. VI Ligulaofmoderatesize(-6%ofarm length)with FC\S7fQu7n0n)e.lAo,rgdaonrsa2lvpiaerwa;tyBp,e,stMylXet F(s7cBa8le1Sbar(s=ca2lmetnb)a.r woarpimet.nhTgerrosmoiivmnepa.lle8o5r-g9ar3nosu(unpcedkneeirdss) ornodbiuhvsetecrtaotcniodctuyllliiunsemea.dr =1 7838m1m5)).(sDc,alecob(paurla-l2orm>m)Q.tgCUfl [ J paratI ype, MV Spermatophores approximately equal in length freeportion 44.7-63.5% offunnel length. Funnel with mantle. Lateral mantle ridge present. organ W-shaped with broad limbs (Fig. 6C) DESCRIPTION. Counts and measurements are Outer limbs similar in length to median limbs from the known specimens, 2 mature S 3 and a (outer limbs 92.9-105.2% of median limbs), submature 9(Table 1). Funnel organ occupies approximately two thirds Robust pygmy species(Fig. 6A);mantlelength offunnel length (60.4-67,7% offunnel length). t9so1phm2emr0i;.c7awlme,migsthlotirgth4otlacy5t,ll2eoa4nst.ge55rm.8mgt.hFaoMnranwVt.ildeLeeonv(gowtiihddttthoo imaAtremlsy 2.o5ftmiomdesermaatnetlelelnegntght,hl(2o.n3g-e2s.t7 axppMrLo)x.- 633-764% of ML), mantle walls moderately Armsmoderately robustrelativetomantlelength muscular. Mead width similar to mantle ( 16,9-19.7% ofML) tapering evenly to fine tips, (56.3-76.1% of ML, 89.0-100% of mantle rounded in cross section. Arms roughly equal in width). Eyes moderate to large and moderately length, dorsal pair slightly shorter l). Suckers in 2 rows and of mineralised. 4,4mm in holotype, 23.4% ofML. moderate size (9.8-11.7% ofML), slightly elev- Mantle aperture o\' moderate width, approx- ated withmoderate Hareanda thinrim. Enlarged imately half circumference of body at level of suckers absent in both sexes. Approximately 150 opening. Funnel broad and short, approximately suckers on intact arms ofmature animals. Woks one third ofmantle lenuth (33.0-41.1% ofML), ofmoderate depth (deepest web 22.3-27.1% of 084 Ml VIOIKS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIG 8. OctOptti micros sp. run. reproductive svstcrn MV < e5 holotype, l:S7(l7l)|. symbols as in Fig."5; A. reproductive tract (scale bar = 5mm): B. FIpGa,rnt7.ypOec,tMopYusF7m8iScr1o5s);sAp,.dniogve.stdiivgeestrtaicvte,ssyymsbtoelms{aVs spermatophorc (scale bar - 3mm). = in I iu- 2 (scale bar - Smm), B-L), beaks (scale bar Gills with 6 lamellae on both inner and outer 3mi1i); B, upper beak, lateral view; C, lowerbeak, dcmibranchs, plusterminal lamella. lateral view; L), lowerbeak, ventral view. Digestive tract (Fig. 7A). Anterior salivary- longestami). Lateral web sectors slightly deeper glands extend along approximately 20% of Hian other webs (web formula B~C ~1)>U \i buccal mass from posterior margin on dorsal Web margins extend as thin ridges for a short surface. Posterior salivary glands large (slightly distance along ventral edge ofOTTOS* longer than buccal mass, approximately S0% of Third right arm ot d 8 hcctoeotylised. digestive gland length). Crop diverticulum Modified arm relatively long, almost as long as present, small. Stomach bipartite. Caecum coiled normal arms (2.0-2.2 X ML, 86% of opposite in single whorl, with striatums. Digestive gland arm in intact male). Ligula moderatc-si/e (6.4% approximately ovoid. Muscular intestine of arm length, 14.4% of mantle length), in the relieved approximately one third along length form ofan elongate pointed leafwith fine trans- Irom proximal end. Ink sac well developed, \erse creases across the open ligula groove (Fig. embedded in ventral surface ofdigestive gland. 6D). Calamus distinct and sharp, approximately Anal flaps present. Upper beak with slightly one half of ligula length (44.4% o{~ ligula). hookedrostrumandsmall hood(Fig. 7B). Lower Spermatophorc groove \\e!I-devclopcd and v\tde beakwith rounded rostrum, hood narrow, widely with line transverse creases. Spermatophorc spread wings and nearly parallel lateral walls guide shallow with no obvious papillae. 85-93 (Fig. 7C-D). Radula with 7 teeth and 2 marginal suckers on hcctoeoiylised ami. plates in each transverse row (Fig. 10G-H). vvfIiiGr,eeowwm';).;dIor1tr-y-s4p*aellaamttseaortiaevnlreniAmtaarln(a.tslAcl,apealiOerlcibdtIagosrecpa(ulssec5ahb0laaemrrmbp)a&r,5t0-f(mw_2m.s0)pO.m.ctjmiBoO,')p.vu*ODs{c,t£bOoichptltouhlostopttshuycssptpefm.,piencAdorovMo.hsOss[0pp6,.4nnhIoomvl.oIt)i(yd§apoerhhs.ooalllMootvtV>iyeppFwee,;8,7AM10-6M4V7;)CaP,'r83md70so04r7ns1Qou2)-)mlbddaooterrerssreaaadlll view (scale bar - 0mm). 1 NEW OCTOPUSES FROM QUEENSLAND 685 686 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIG 10. Radulae. A-C Octopus harpeda/isp. nov. radula(9 paratype. AM C304112). A, dorsal viewshowing multicuspidrhachidiantooth; B.lateral \iewshowingserial progressionofcuspsonrhachidiantooth;C,lateral MV teeth and marginal plates. D-F. Octopus bulblts sp. nov. radula (9 paratype, F87069); D, dorsal view showingmulticuspid rhachidiantooth; E, lateral view showingserialprogressionofcuspsonrhachidiantooth; MV F, lateral teethand marginal plates. G-Fl. Octopusmicros sp. nov. radula i 5 paratype, F78815); G, dorsal view: H. lateral view.

New octopus species from Queensland

Similar New octopus species from Queensland