New octopus species from Queensland

14 Pages·2001·5.2 MB·English

by  Mark D Norman

NEW OCTOPUS SPECIES FROM QUEENSLAND
MARK D.NORMAN
Norman, M.D. 2001 06 30: New octopus species from Queensland. Memoirs of the
QueenslandMuseum 46(2); 677-690. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.
Three new octopus species are added to the growing list ofAustralian octopods. All are
knownsolelyonthebasisoftrawl material from habitatsnoteasily surveyed usingstandard
divingtechniques. Octopusharpedonsp.nov. attainsarmspansinexcessof2m. Itoccursin
shallow muddy waters in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Octopus bulbus sp. nov. is also a
long-armed species, which possesses a swollen bulbous ligula and askin ridge aroundthe
lateral mantle. Octopus micros sp. nov. is tiny (mature at <25mm mantle length), the first
pygmy speciesto be reported with a lateral mantle ridge. The latter2 species occuron the
continental shelf off southern Queensland in water depths of 18-195m and 166~195m,
respectively. The phylogenetic affinities and potential life styles ofthese octopuses are
O
discussed in light oftheir morphological attributes. Octopus, taxonomy, morphology?,
Queensland, Cephalopoda.
Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkvillc 3052, Australia; Present
address: Marine Invertebrates, Melbourne Museum, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, 3001.
Australia (e-mail: m.norman(d\unimelb.edu.au); 17March2000.
Research into benthic octopuses of Australia affinities and potential habits of these tttle-
and the Indo-West Pacific region over the past known creatures are discussed.
decadehasrevealedmorethan 70newspecies of
SYSTEMATICS
octopus in Australian waters (Stranks, 1988a-b,
1990; Norman, 1992, 1993a-d, 1998; Stranks & FAMILY OCTOPODIDAE
Norman, 1993; Norman et al., 1997; Norman,
unpubl. data), the bulk of which await formal Octopus harpedon sp. nov.
description. Within this fauna are 3 distinctive (Figs 1-2, 9A-B, 10A-C)
and very different octopus species from
Queensland waters. MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: Id,: 56.9mm ML,
AMC30411, Albatross Bay, near Weipa, Gulf of
The 'Spaghetti Octopus', Octopus harpedon Carpentaria. PARATYPE: 19, 96.1mm ML, AM
sp.nov. isreportedfromtheshallowwatersofthe C304112, SE Gulf of Carpentaria, 16°27'4(rS,
GulfofCarpentaria. This octopus has extremely \4\°\5'2TE,2xx\.
weloounlgdataettaarimnsa(rumptsopa1nstiomfe>s2mamntwlheelnenfgotrha)gainndg TYPE LOCALITY. Albatross Bay, near Weipa, Gulfof
over its soft sediment habitat. Carpentaria,Australia
The other two species were collected from ETYMOLOGY.Greekharpedon,thread-like;referringto
continental shelfwaters (>150m) off the south elongate, thread-like arms."Spaghetti Octopus11 is
coastofQueensland. The 'Swell-Club Octopus*, proposedas acommon name.
Octopus bulhus sp. nov., is also long-armed DIAGNOSIS. Moderate-sized (ML to 96mm)
(armsto 5 timesmantlelength)with adistinctive with spindle-shaped mantle and bulbous eyes.
swollen ligula. Arm spans oflive animals would Arms greatly elongate, up to 9 times mantle
be up to 50cm. This species possesses a length. Second arm pair appears longest (arm
distinctive lateral mantle ridge. formula approximately 2>1=3>4). Webs very
shallow, less than 5% of arm length.
The 'Pygmy KeeledOctopus', Octopusmicros
sp. nov., istinywith an arm spanof<12cm and a Approximately 270 suckers on intact arms of
weight of<6g. It is the first pygmy species to be mheacttuorcoetylainsiemda,lvse.ryTshhiorrtd(ornilgyht20a%rmofolefngmtahloef
reported with a lateral mantle ridge.
opposite ann) and bearing 49 suckers. 10-1 1 gill
There are few specimens available for these lamellae per demibranch. Eggs large-type. Skin
species, all originatingfrom trawlsurveys.None largely unpigmented, dark blue subdermal
of these new species have been observed live. pigment around eyes produces 'bruised'
Based on the available material, the taxonomic appearance. Skin smooth. Lateral ridge absent.
, :
MEMOIRSOF QUtfiNSUAMDMUSEUM
Till
33.5% of funnel length), funnel organ not
evident in either specimen
Arms cxtrcmelv long, longest>5 times mantle
length (o: 5.9 x ML; £: 9,1 X ML) Arms
narrowrelativetomantle length 6 £.3%flfML;
i :
9 |e\ fio/en]: 5.9% of ML), widest midway
alongarm. roughly square in cross section. Anns
unequal in length, ventral pairdistinctlyshortest.
second pair appears longest (arm formula.
-2 1>3>4, ?: -2>J-3>4). Suckers in two n
aMnLd),ofsmloigdhetrlayieelesviazete(dSw:i7tJh)o%nloyfMsLli,ght?H:a5r.e0.%Noof
enlarged suckers evident in either sex.
Approximately 280 suckers on intact arms of
mature animals($ : 272suckerson leftthirdarm:
9: 291 suckers on left third arm). Webs tiny,
shortest relative to arm length reported lor any
octopus 6 deepestweb3.9%oflongestarm; ¥
deepest (web: 2A% oflongest arm). Web sectors:
approximately equal in length. Web margins
along arms absent.
Third right arm of males hectoeotylised.
Modified arm very short, less than mantle length
FIG I. (hlt>fw-; iWhirKpi-'Je/) Spi (79;1% of ML), and around 20% Df length &f
,( ,' ImMvpo. 30411)=. opposite arm (20.4% of opposite arm). Ligula
A. dofSnl view (scale bur moderate-size (7.3% of arm length, 5.8% of
Stimraj; B, mantle and arm mantle length), inthe formofasmall thick-lipped
crown (scale bar = 30mm}; C, spoon with transverse creases across the open
copulutory organ (scale bar = ligula groove (Fig. 1C). Calamus distinct and
. n). sharp, approximately one half of ligula length
(54.6% o(' ligula). Spermatophore groove well
developed and wide with tine transversecreases.
DESCRIPTION.Countsandmeasurementswere Spermatophore guide distinct with a ridge Of
taken offa single specimen ofeach sex. the only elevated square papillae, forty-nine suckers on
known specimens ofthisdistinctivespecies. Raw hectoeotylised arm ofsingle male
morphological data are presented in Table Gills with 10-31 lamellae on both inner and
I
outerdemibranchs, plus terminal lamella.
Moderate sued species with extremely long
arms (Figs 1A-B. 9ArB); mantle lengths (ML) Digestive tract (Fig. 2A). Anterior salivary
56.9mm tor male holotype and 96.1mm for glands extend along approximately one third of
female paratype. Total lengthof 5 594mm and ? buccal mass from posterior margin on dorsal
997mm: weight toai least 1 04g. Mantleelongate surface-Posteriorsalivaryglandselongateandof
to spindle-shaped, much longer than wide ( ct moderate length (similar in length to buccal
width 35.1% of Ml,; 8: width 24,9% of ML), mass, approximately 30% of digestive gland
mantle walls thin to moderately muscular. Head length). Crop diverticulum present, long and
narrowerthanmantle( rj : 26.4%ofML. 75,0%of narrow. Stomach bipartite. Caecum coiled in
mantlewidth: § 15.S^t.ofML. 63.6% ofmantle approximately 1.5whorlswithdistinctstriations.
:
width). Eyes moderate to small, only slightly Digestivegland longandnarrow, not bound inan
pronounced. Stylets absent- Mantle aperture o\' iridescent membrane. Narrow intestine relieved
moderaie width, approximately half several times in proximal third. Ink sac well
circumference of body at level of opening. developed, embedded in ventral surface of
Funnel narrow and elongate,approximately 50% digestive gland. Anal flaps absent. Upper beak
ofmantlelength 3 51.5% ofML; 9 47,9% of with a hooked rostrum, concave and notched on
( : :
ML), free portion short, approximately one third the cutting edge, and a small hood (Fig. 2B).
of funnel length ( 6 : 23.9% offunnel length; J : Lower beak with narrow short rostrum, hood
NEW OCTOPUSES FROM QUEENSLAND 679
narrow, widely spread wings and slightly flared
lateralwalls(Fig. 2C-D). Radulawith 7teethand
2 marginal plates in each transverse row (Fig.
10A-C). Rhaehidiantooth with 2-3 lateral cusps,
on each side of moderately long medial cone
(Fig. 10A). Lateral cusps in asymmetrical
seriation, migrating from lateral to medial
position over 7-8 transverse rows (Fig. OB).
1
Firstlateralteethunicuspidatewith cusp towards
lateral edge. Second lateral teeth unicuspidate
and longwithcurvedbase. Lateral marginalteeth
straight. Marginal plates oblong and plain (Fig.
IOC).
Malegenitaltractnot fully formed. Submature
terminal organ ('penis' T-shaped with
)
diverticulum slightly longerthan distal portion.
Female genital tract not fully formed but eggs
in tiny ovary already large and low in numbers
(<100). This species would produce large eggs
and the young are likely to be benthic on
hatching.Oviductselongate,openingposteriorto
the narrow short septum.
Colour in life unknown. Preserved specimens
uniformly cream ( 9 ) and pink (8) with dark
subdermal pigmentation around the eyes ofboth
specimens giving a 'bruised' appearance (Fig.
IB). Dorsal White Spots {sensit Packard &
Sanders, 1971) absent. Skin smooth. Lateral
mantle ridge absent. Nothing is known of the
bcoethyalviisoeudr aanrdmgeonferatlhebio6logsyu.ggTehsetsshomrotuhnectteod- FI—(Gb9.u,c2Ac.aMOlcCmta3osp0su4,s1c1h2=a)r:cpaaeesdc=ounma,nstpce.drin=oorcvr.soaAlpi,dviadvrieygregtslitacinuvdlesu,mt,rbaccmrt
coocptuolpautsisopneciinesthwishesrpeecaielsonagsheocptpoocsoteydlitsoedotahremr =oc=roope,sdogph=agdiugse,stpisve-glpaonsdt,erii=orinstaesltiivnaer,yisgl=anidn,kssac=,
enables copulation from a distance (as found in stomach (scale bar = 10mm). B-D, beaks {6
other long-armed species such as O. aculeatus, holotype, AM C3041 (scale bar= 3mm); B, upper
Norman & Finn, 2001). Numerous spiral beak, lateral view; C,1)lower beak, lateral view; D,
parasites were present along sections of the lower beak, ventral view.
digestive tract, particularly adjacent to the crop
and intestine. counts.ThisAsiantaxonhasbeentreatedundera
numberofnamesbyvariousauthors: Octopussp.
TAXONOM1C REMARKS. Only one other B. Voss & Williamson, 1972; Octopusjus formis
Australian octopus has arms of comparable (non Brock, 1887) in Dong, 1987; Octopuis sp. 1
relative length. Ameloctopus litoralis Norman, Norman & Hochberg, 1994. It can be
1992 is an intertidal, smaller species (ML to distinguished from O. harpedon on the basis of
30mm) with arms up to 10 times the mantle differences in arm formula (1>2>3>4 versus
length. It is distinguished from O. harpedon in second pair longest in O. harpedon) and
that it has a much lower gill count (5-6 versus hectocotylised arm length (-50% versus 20% of
10-1 1 lamellaeperdemibranch),alinearterminal opposite arm length in O. harpedon). Additional
organ which lacks a diverticulum, distinctive maturematerial ofbothtaxa isrequiredtofurther
bands along the arms (compared with little resolvetherelationshipbetweentheseoctopuses.
pigmentation in O. harpedon), anditlacksan ink
sac. As for higher taxonomic affinities, O.
An undescribed octopus from Hong Kong, harpedon shares a number of characters with
China and Taiwan also shows similarities to this poorly-known Euaxoctopus Voss, 1971. Euax-
new species, sharingsimilararm lengths and gill octopus contains 2 quite different species from
680 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
(2-3 per side). In the absence ofmature material
of O. harpedon spermatophores can not be
compared. The disparate composition ofEuax-
octopus and the absence of replicate well-
preserved material for both this genus and O.
harpedon prevent further resolution of their
affinities. Based on available material, I place
this species in Octopus.
Octopus harpedon shares several
morphological characters with the 'Octopus
macropusgroup'(Norman, 1993a).Thisgroup is
characterised by an arm formula of 1>2>3>4,
high gill counts (10+ lamellae per demibranch)
and a rhachidian tooth of the radula with 2-3
cusps oneach sideofthe medial tooth, migrating
from medial to lateral positions over 7-8
transverse rows. The radula and gill count ofO,
harpedon match those ofthe Octopus macropus
group but arm length, arm formula and ligula
shape differ.
Until more material becomes available
(including fresh tissue for molecular analyses),
the higher affinities of this distinctive octopus
remain unknown.
Octopus bulbus sp. nov.
(Figs 3-5, 9C, 10D-F)
MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: 16: 41.1mm ML, MV
FIG. 3. Octopus bulhus sp. nov. {6 holotype, MV F87067, east ofMooloolaba, 16-20 miles north ofCape
=mFa85n7tm0l6me7));(;scCaA,l,ecobdpaourrls=aatl1o0rvmyimeo)wr;ga(Bsn,caf(lsuecnanlebelarboar=rga=2n05(mmsmcma))l;.ebAa,r tMQMrouaVreweelt,nosFnlV,an'sdDoeuFbtiishehee-rrMniaerQsi.uee'Pe,nAs1Rl1Aa-nT13dY.PAEu9Sg0:-1190I86d1f:,mc5ol(3l1..606G-mm1S9m5iMmtL)h,,,
F87068, East ofNoosa, southern Queensland, 63fin
(116m),trawl, FV'RhondaLane', 12 Dec 1980,coll M.
eithersideofthe Panama Isthmus. E.pillsburyae Potter, Queensland Fisheries; 1 9: 49.2mm ML, MV
Voss, 1971 and E. panamensis Voss, 1975 share F87069, off Mooloolaba, southern Queensland, lOfin
long arms ofwhich the second pair are longest, (18.4m),trawl, 1500-1600hrs,FV'RhondaLane', 14 Dec
shallow webs, paired semi-circular ocelli on the 1980,coll. M. Potter, Queensland Fisheries.
rmaandtullea, waitlharg1e-2crolpa,teraalrhaccuhsipdsianontoeotahchofsiddiee TYPE LOCALITY East of" Moololaba, southern
Queensland,Australia.
(typically 1), ablunt linearterminal organ with a
diverticulum longer than the distal free portion, ETYMOLOGY.Latinbulbus, fleshyswelling;referringto
and distinctive spermatophores with flattened the distinctive swollen ligula. 'Bulb-tip Octopus' is
coils in the oral tip. The two member species proposedas acommonname.
differ in thatE. panamensis has ahectocotylised DIAGNOSIS. Small (ML to 50mm) with
left arm, a gill count of 11-13 lamellae, and a relatively long arms, approximately 5 times
VV-shaped funnel organ, while E. pillsburyae mantle length. Dorsal arms longest, receding to
hastherightthirdarmhectocotylised,agillcount ventral arm pair(arm formula 1>2>3>4). 7-8 gill
of 7, and a W-shaped funnel organ. Octopus lamellae per demibranch. Approximately 200
harpedon shares the same arm formula (second suckers on intact arms. Third right arm of 6 6
pairlongest) andbluntlinearterminal organwith hectocotylised, bearing approximately 90
a diverticulum longerthanthe distal freeportion. suckers. Posterior salivary glands large and
Itdiffers in lackingthe semicircularocelli onthe elongate (almost twice length of buccal mass,
mantle and possesses a radula with a higher approximately 60% of digestive gland length).
number oflateral cusps on the rhachidian tooth Ligula large (8% ofhectocotylised arm length)
. :
NEW OCTOPUSES EROM QUEENSLAND OS
I
with greatly swollen lips to the ligula groove.
Spermatophores thick and short, approximately
halfmantle length. Dorsal mantleandamicrown
sculptured with scattered pink-red raised
patches. Lateral ridge present.
DESCRIPTION. Counts and measurements
were taken off the only known specimens, 2
mature 8 S and a submature 9 Morphological
.
data are presented in Table 1
Moderate-sized elongate (Fig. 3A); mantle
length to around 50mm (S: to 53.0mm ML, 9
49.2mm ML). Total length to 341mm; weight to
at least 47g. Mantle elongate to spindle-shaped,
much longer lhan wide (width 53.5% of ML in
holotype,othermaterial distortedfromfreezing),
mantle walls moderately muscular. Head
approximately same width as mantle (53.3% of
ML, 99.5%) of mantle width in holotype, other
material distorted from freezing). Eyes large and
pronounced- Stylets absent. Mantle aperture of
moderate width, approximately half circum-
ference of body at level of opening. Funnel
broad-based, approximately one half ofmantle FIG. 4. OctMopVus bulbus sp. nov. digestive system < V
length (41.8-62.2% of ML), free portion paratype, F87068);A,digestivetract:symbolsas
in Fig. 2 (scale bar = 5mm). B-D, beaks; B, upper
elongate, 32.1-56.0% of funnel length. Funnel
beak, lateral view; C, lower beak, lateral view; D,
organ W-shaped with broad limbs (Fig. 3A). lower beak, ventral view (scale bar= 3mm).
Outer limbs slightly shorter in length than
median limbs (outer limbs 86.4% of median
limbs in holotype). Funnel organ occupies hectocotylisedann length, 16.1-21.9% ofmantle
approximatelytwothirdsoffunnel length(59.8% length), in the form of an elongate oval with a
offunnel length). deep closed groove (Eig. 3C-D). Calamus small
and sharp, <20% ofligula length 7.2-18.2% of
Arms long, approximately 5 times mantle ligula). Spermatophoregroovewel(l1developed,of
length (longest 4.9-5.6 x ML). Arms of moderate width with fine transverse creases.
moderate width relative to mantle length (13.9% Spermatophore guide not obvious. Approx-
ofML), widest at one third ofann length from imately 90 suckers on hectocotylised ann (91,
basethentaperingevenlytotip,roughlysquarein 94).
crosssection. Armsunequalinlength,dorsalpair
longest (arm formula: 1>2>3>4). Suckers in 2 Gills with 7-8 lamellae on bothinnerand outer
rows and of moderate size (6.7-9.8% of ML), demibranchs, plus terminal lamella.
Nsloighetlnylaerlgeevdatesducwkietrhsloewvifdleanretainnd eaidteheerp csuepx.. glaDnidgsesetxivteendtraaclton(gFiagp.pr4oAx)i.maAtnetleyrioonrestahliirvdaroyf
Approximately 190 suckers on intact arms of buccal mass from posterior margin on dorsal
mature animals (196 suckers on fourth right ann
surface. Posterior salivary glands large and
of holotype). Webs shallow and thin (deepest elongate (almost twice length of buccal mass,
web 10.9-11.5% of longest arm in intact spec- approximately 60% of digestive gland length).
imens). Dorsal and lateral web sectors approx- Crop diverticulum present, moderately small.
(imwaetbelyfoerqmuuallainAl=eBng=thC,>vDe>ntEr)al.weWbesbshmaalrlgoiwnesr Stomach bipartite. Caecum coiled in 1.5 whorls,
with distinct striations. Digestive gland approx-
extendalongbothdorsal andventral aboraledges imately ovoid. Muscular intestine reflexed
ofarms forlessthanonethirdoftheann length. approximately one third along length from
Third right arm of 6 6 hectocotylised. proximal end. Ink sac wel-developed. embedded
Modified arm relativelyshort,almost halfas long in ventral surface ofdigestive gland. Anal flaps
as normal arms (2.0-2.5 x ML, 56.3% of present, small. Upper beak with a hooked
opposite arm). Ligula large (8.0-8.6% of rostrum, concave on cutting edge, and moderate
682 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
cap contains thick coils ofejaculatory apparatus
and bears a thick cap thread. Sperm reservoir
long, 54% ofspermatophore length in holotype,
containing a thick sperm cord forming coiled in
approximately 24 regular whorl. Only 2 spec-
imen is submature. Submature eggs large-type
and produced in low numbers (<100). The large
eggs indicate thatjuveniles are likely to adopt a
benthic habit on hatching.
Colour in life unknown. Preserved specimens
cream with pink-red raised patches scattered on
dorsal mantle and upper arm crown. Pink low
small papillae on dorsal skin between larger
patches. Regularfine papillae on ventral mantle.
Dark blue subdermal pigmentation around eyes
withsuperficialredbrownchromatophores(Figs
3A, 9C). Webs cream in contrast to pink brown
arms. Dorsal White Spots (sensu Packard &
Sanders, 1971)absent. Scatteringoflowpapillae
pronounced around eyes. Lateral mantle ridge
present. Small regular low papillae on ventral
mantle within lateral ridges.
Nothing known of behaviour or general
FI(G6.h5o.loOtcytpoep,uMsVbuFlSbu7s06s7p)..nAo,v.rerperpordoudcutcitvievetrascyt:stmegm biology.
=ss{ss'pppppeemeeerrurnrmmcimmaasi'talrloe)ota,sppgoehhveproodnvhrrooioe-iuc:rrsvig(agelscslacaaandnld=edeg,,flbteeaanr=jnrseadnct=,=esusl5t(Naimstses,cmoegar)tld2y.oeh=aab-mpatpr'easr=ramaicst5nacucamse,lm;s)sosg;rsolrgraBy==n, DkTsonIAuoStXwThOenRrNInfBOQrUMuoTem1IeCnOosNnll.RaynEdO3M,cAtsoiRpnpeKuc1sSi8m.-be1un9lsO5b,cmut.scooplsupls.ectnbeoudvl.boufissf
shares a number ofattributes with O. australis
hood (Fig. 4B). Lower beak with pointed Stranks&Norman, 1993,alsofoundinshallower
rostrum, narrow hood, widely-spread wings and waters in the region. Both species share a lateral
slightly flared lateral walls (Fig. 4C-D). Radula ridge, bulbous ligula and similar gill counts (7-8
with 7 teeth and 2 marginal plates in each inO. bulbusversus7-9inO. australis).However,
transverse row (Fig. 10D-F). Rhachidian tooth these taxa have very different floorplans and
reproductive characters, suggesting separate
with2-3 lateral cusps,typically 2, oneachsideof evolutionary origins. Octopus bulbus has arm
longthinmedialcone(Fig. 1OD).Lateralcuspsin andweb formulaeinwhichdorsalarmsandwebs
asymmetrical seriation, migrating from lateral to are longer/deeper (AF 1>2>3>4, WF A=B=C
medial position over 7-8 transverse rows (Fig.
>D>E), whereas O. australis has longer/deeper
t1o0Ew)a.rdFsirstlatlaetrearlaletdegeet.h uSneiccuosnpdidaltaetewrialthtceuestph tlyaptiecraalllyarDm>sC>aBn>dE>wAe)b.s (OcAtFop3u>s2>bu4l>blu,s aWlsFo
unicuspidate with curved base. Lateral marginal
has longer arms (4.9-5.6 versus 2.7-4.3 X ML),
teeth robust and curved. Marginal plates oblong shallower webs (10-12% versus 20-30% of
and plain (Fig. 10F).
longest arm), a proportionally shorter hecto-
Male genitalia (Fig. 5A). Terminal organ cotylised arm (56% versus 66-86% length of
('penis') robust and roughly linear with a opposite arm)with a highersuckercount (91, 94
diverticulum of similar length as the free distal versus 62-77), absence of enlarged suckers in
portion. Distorted by spermatophore in holotype mature 6 6 (suckers 6.7-9.8% versus
(Fig. 5A). Spermatophores (Fig. 5B) short, 12.6-15.3% ML), and spermatophores with far
around halfmantle length (22mm, 53.5% ofML fewer sperm cord whorls (24 versus >60).
in holotype), and thick (1.1mm, 2.7% of ML), The longer dorsal arms (arm formula
produced in low numbers (1 in spermatophore 1>2>3>4)andamulticuspidradula(2-3 cuspson
storagesac, 1 interminal organ in holotype).Oral each side ofthe rhachidian tooth) are similar to
V
NEW OCTOPUSES FROM QUEENSLAND M\
thoseofthe ''Octopusmacropusgroup'(Norman,
1993a). However, the gill count of7-8 IS lower B
than any previously reported tor the group all of
which possess 10-15 lamellae per demibranch.
Until more material becomes available
(including fresh tissue for molecular analyses).
the higher affinities remain unknown.
Octopus micros sp, nov.
(Figs 6-ft QD, 106-11)
MATERIAL, HOLOTYPH: v IK.Kmm ML, MV
!
FS7070, east of Modoofaba, 16-20 miles north ofCape
Moretoa southern Queensland, 9Q-106&n (166-195m).
trawl,FV bDcbic-Marie\ 11-13 Aug 1981,coll. G Smith.
Q2u4e.e5nmsmlanMdL.FishMerViesF.7P8aSrIa5t.ypeosf:f IM/o:ol2o(o>l.a7bmam, MsLou.th1er?n!
Queensland, trawl FV lDebie-M;iric\ 11-13 Aug 1981.
G
coll. Smith, Queensland Fisheries(nodepthdatal.
TYPE LOCALITY fast of Moololaha, southern
Queensland.
FTYMOIXKJY, (Ti-eekniikres, small referringtoitssmall
M/c. 'Pygmy Keeled Octopus is proposed as a common
name.
DIAGNOSIS. Small species(MLto25mm)with
short amis (2*3 :< ML) ofapproximately equal
length, dorsal pair slightly snorter. Lateral webs
slightlydeeperthandorsalweb. Enlarged suckers
absent in both sexes. Cfills with 6 lamellae per
demibranch. Hectocotylised arm (third right)
approximately 80% of length o\' opposite arm. HO. 6. OciOpUS micm.s sp. nov id holoiype. VI
Ligulaofmoderatesize(-6%ofarm length)with FC\S7fQu7n0n)e.lAo,rgdaonrsa2lvpiaerwa;tyBp,e,stMylXet F(s7cBa8le1Sbar(s=ca2lmetnb)a.r
woarpimet.nhTgerrosmoiivmnepa.lle8o5r-g9ar3nosu(unpcedkneeirdss) ornodbiuhvsetecrtaotcniodctuyllliiunsemea.dr =1 7838m1m5)).(sDc,alecob(paurla-l2orm>m)Q.tgCUfl [ J paratI ype, MV
Spermatophores approximately equal in length freeportion 44.7-63.5% offunnel length. Funnel
with mantle. Lateral mantle ridge present.
organ W-shaped with broad limbs (Fig. 6C)
DESCRIPTION. Counts and measurements are Outer limbs similar in length to median limbs
from the known specimens, 2 mature S 3 and a (outer limbs 92.9-105.2% of median limbs),
submature 9(Table 1). Funnel organ occupies approximately two thirds
Robust pygmy species(Fig. 6A);mantlelength offunnel length (60.4-67,7% offunnel length).
t9so1phm2emr0i;.c7awlme,migsthlotirgth4otlacy5t,ll2eoa4nst.ge55rm.8mgt.hFaoMnranwVt.ildeLeeonv(gowtiihddttthoo imaAtremlsy 2.o5ftmiomdesermaatnetlelelnegntght,hl(2o.n3g-e2s.t7 axppMrLo)x.-
633-764% of ML), mantle walls moderately Armsmoderately robustrelativetomantlelength
muscular. Mead width similar to mantle ( 16,9-19.7% ofML) tapering evenly to fine tips,
(56.3-76.1% of ML, 89.0-100% of mantle rounded in cross section. Arms roughly equal in
width). Eyes moderate to large and moderately length, dorsal pair slightly shorter <arm formula
pronounced. Stylets present (Fig. 6B). non- tvpicalK 4=3-2>l). Suckers in 2 rows and of
mineralised. 4,4mm in holotype, 23.4% ofML. moderate size (9.8-11.7% ofML), slightly elev-
Mantle aperture o\' moderate width, approx- ated withmoderate Hareanda thinrim. Enlarged
imately half circumference of body at level of suckers absent in both sexes. Approximately 150
opening. Funnel broad and short, approximately suckers on intact arms ofmature animals. Woks
one third ofmantle lenuth (33.0-41.1% ofML), ofmoderate depth (deepest web 22.3-27.1% of
084 Ml VIOIKS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG 8. OctOptti micros sp. run. reproductive svstcrn
MV
< e5 holotype, l:S7(l7l)|. symbols as in Fig."5; A.
reproductive tract (scale bar = 5mm): B.
FIpGa,rnt7.ypOec,tMopYusF7m8iScr1o5s);sAp,.dniogve.stdiivgeestrtaicvte,ssyymsbtoelms{aVs spermatophorc (scale bar - 3mm).
=
in I iu- 2 (scale bar - Smm), B-L), beaks (scale bar Gills with 6 lamellae on both inner and outer
3mi1i); B, upper beak, lateral view; C, lowerbeak,
dcmibranchs, plusterminal lamella.
lateral view; L), lowerbeak, ventral view.
Digestive tract (Fig. 7A). Anterior salivary-
longestami). Lateral web sectors slightly deeper glands extend along approximately 20% of
Hian other webs (web formula B~C ~1)>U \i buccal mass from posterior margin on dorsal
Web margins extend as thin ridges for a short surface. Posterior salivary glands large (slightly
distance along ventral edge ofOTTOS* longer than buccal mass, approximately S0% of
Third right arm ot d 8 hcctoeotylised. digestive gland length). Crop diverticulum
Modified arm relatively long, almost as long as present, small. Stomach bipartite. Caecum coiled
normal arms (2.0-2.2 X ML, 86% of opposite in single whorl, with striatums. Digestive gland
arm in intact male). Ligula moderatc-si/e (6.4% approximately ovoid. Muscular intestine
of arm length, 14.4% of mantle length), in the relieved approximately one third along length
form ofan elongate pointed leafwith fine trans- Irom proximal end. Ink sac well developed,
\erse creases across the open ligula groove (Fig. embedded in ventral surface ofdigestive gland.
6D). Calamus distinct and sharp, approximately Anal flaps present. Upper beak with slightly
one half of ligula length (44.4% o{~ ligula). hookedrostrumandsmall hood(Fig. 7B). Lower
Spermatophorc groove \\e!I-devclopcd and v\tde beakwith rounded rostrum, hood narrow, widely
with line transverse creases. Spermatophorc spread wings and nearly parallel lateral walls
guide shallow with no obvious papillae. 85-93 (Fig. 7C-D). Radula with 7 teeth and 2 marginal
suckers on hcctoeoiylised ami. plates in each transverse row (Fig. 10G-H).
vvfIiiGr,eeowwm';).;dIor1tr-y-s4p*aellaamttseaortiaevnlreniAmtaarln(a.tslAcl,apealiOerlcibdtIagosrecpa(ulssec5ahb0laaemrrmbp)a&r,5t0-f(mw_2m.s0)pO.m.ctjmiBoO,')p.vu*ODs{c,t£bOoichptltouhlostopttshuycssptpefm.,piencAdorovMo.hsOss[0pp6,.4nnhIoomvl.oIt)i(yd§apoerhhs.ooalllMootvtV>iyeppFwee,;8,7AM10-6M4V7;)CaP,'r83md70so04r7ns1Qou2)-)mlbddaooterrerssreaaadlll
view (scale bar - 0mm).
1
NEW OCTOPUSES FROM QUEENSLAND 685
686 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG 10. Radulae. A-C Octopus harpeda/isp. nov. radula(9 paratype. AM C304112). A, dorsal viewshowing
multicuspidrhachidiantooth; B.lateral \iewshowingserial progressionofcuspsonrhachidiantooth;C,lateral
MV
teeth and marginal plates. D-F. Octopus bulblts sp. nov. radula (9 paratype, F87069); D, dorsal view
showingmulticuspid rhachidiantooth; E, lateral view showingserialprogressionofcuspsonrhachidiantooth;
MV
F, lateral teethand marginal plates. G-Fl. Octopusmicros sp. nov. radula i 5 paratype, F78815); G, dorsal
view: H. lateral view.