©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Abh. Geol. B.-A. 34 p. 103—170 52 figs., 10 tables Wien 1. 5. 1980 26" C. G. I. International Geological Congress 26tl) Session Excursion 034 A Geology of the Eastern Alps (An Excursion Guide) - by ALOIS MATURA and HERBERT SUMMESBERGER with contributions from ALOIS FENNINGER, WOLFGANG FRISCH, VOLKER HOCK, HEINZ KOLLMANN, ARTHUR KRÖLL, OTTO MALZER, JULIAN PISTOTNIK, BENNO PLÖCHINGER, ALFRED RÖGL, REINHARD ROETZEL, WOLFGANG SCHNABEL, HANS PETER SCHÖNLAUB and GODFRID WESSELY. 52 figures and 10 tables Address of the authors: Dr. ALOIS MATURA, Geologische Bundesanstalt, A-1031 Wien, Rasumofskygasse 23; Dr. HERBERT SUMMESBERGER, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, A-1014 Wien, Burgring 7. ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 4 3 0 N O SI R Z> u H p X w < LU ^ ht LL LL ~ h3 - OLU out Q XCU ver r < U H ir LU U O \ • D R ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Acknowledgments drillings we know that the Molasse sediments continue The authors express their gratitude to F. FLIRI, D. VAN far below the Eastern Alps towards south. The crystal line complex of the Bohemian Massif with a thin Palaeo HUSEN, G. NIEDERMAYR, R. OBERHAUSER, A. RÖGL and A. TOLLMANN for their constructive comments. Many thanks zoic and Mesozoic cover forms the basement of the Mo are due to the Gebr. Leube Portlandzementwerk Gartenau, lasse Zone. the Quarzwerk Zelking, the Tonwerk Fritzens and the Vor The Helvetic Zone in Vorarlberg comprises Upper arlberger Zementwerke Lorüns for their generous permission Jurassic to Upper Eocene rocks. The primary neigh to enter their open pits. We are especially grateful to the prio- bourhood to the autochthonous Mesozoic is indicated rate of the Abbey of Kremsmünster, the österreichische by facial analogies. Small thickness, gaps, greensands Mineralölverwaltung AG and the Rohöl-Aufsuchungs GmbH and reefs in the northerly region, and the abundance because of their valuable support for our work. of marls in the southerly region indicate depositional conditions at the shelf edge. Day 1 The Penninic Zone in Vorarlberg is mainly represen ted by Cretaceous to Lower Eocene Flysch sediments. In Molasse Zone, Helvetic Zone, Flyschzone, Northern Cal general these synorogenic successions are rather poor in careous Alps, regional pattern of Vorarlberg fossils and have in many places been affected by syn- Route: Bregenz — Gebhardsberg — Schwarzachtobel — sedimentary movements. They have been deposited in Dornbirn — Götzis — Feldkirch — Frastanz — Lorüns different subsidiary troughs. — Arlberg Pass — Landeck — Innsbruck The Alpine movements did not only cause the com plex internal structure of the Penninic Flyschzone; Introduction moreover, the northern front of the Flysch Nappe has been overthrust by the normally underlying Hel Vorarlberg is an appropriate area to introduce into vetic Nappe. At the surface we can distinguish therefore the geological structure of the Eastern Alps. The section a northern and a southern Flyschzone in Vorarlberg. of the Rhine valley south of Bregenz between the Boden- The boundary plane between the Helvetic Zone and the see and the Principality of Liechtenstein can be taken Penninic Zone is marked by a strongly deformed as the topographic boundary between the Western and Schuppenzone. the Eastern Alps. Moreover, east of this line also the The Falknis-Sulzfluh Nappe and the Arosa Schup Austro-Alpine Unit begins and extends eastwards for penzone which tectonically overlie the Flyschzone have ming major parts of the Eastern Alps. The main geo also been allocated to the Penninic unit. Concerning logical units of the Western Alps (Helvetic and Penninic their depositional facies the Upper Jurassic to Paleo- Zones) continue towards east as a relatively narrow cene successions are different from the Flysch deve zone along the northern boundary of the Eastern Alps. lopment and thought to come from a more southerly The existing geological structure is the result of the region. The strongly deformed rocks of the Arosa Alpine orogenesis, a complex multiphase event. In Vor Schuppenzone directly underlie the Austro-Alpine Unit arlberg the main Alpine tectonic activity took place and mark its plane of overthrusting which can be traced during the Palaeogene. As a consequence of regional from Südbünden (Switzerland) northwards as far as compression with southward subduction of the fore Vorarlberg along the western and further eastwards to land, areas of Mesozoic to Tertiary sedimentary series the Allgäu (Bavaria) along the northern edge of the of different facial nature, in some places with slices of Austro-Alpine Unit. Moreover, the Arosa Schuppen their basement, moved from their site of deposition in zone appears in several tectonic windows in the western such a manner, that they overrode the neighbouring most area of the Northern Calcareous Alps as well as units in the north. together with lower Penninic units in the window of The main units from the top to the bottom are ordered Gargellen which is situated in the area of the Silvretta as follows: crystalline complex. Austro-Alpine Unit (Northern Calcareous Alps and Silvretta crystalline complex) The Austro-Alpine Unit in Vorarlberg is chiefly re Penninic Zone (Flyschzone) presented by the Permomesozoic series of the Northern Helvetic Zone Calcareous Alps and by the Silvretta crystalline com Foreland (Molasse Zone) plex. The latter consists of paragneisses and micaschists This corresponds with the paleogeographic order from and minor proportions of amphibolites and Early south towards north. Palaeozoic orthogneisses. Mesozoics and crystalline com The Molasse Zone forms the foreland. It comprises a plex are linked together by the narrow Phyllitgneis- thick succession of upper Eocene to Miocene clastic Zone and a late Palaeozoic clastic succession which ex sediments composed of the debris of the rising Alps. The hibits stratigraphic contact in the south against the older portions of the Molasse sequence have been envol- Phyllitgneis-Zone and continues into the Mesozoic series ved by folding and thrusting (Subalpine Molasse) into in the north. The internal structure of the Northern the orogenic movements. From geophysical surveys and Calcareous Alps is mainly the result of early Alpine 105 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ""V. . • --*"'*"' • * * r-. * j***"*" . n . * ^"MJndau V * J?* ' / *^ ' * n * * J><^' x. / * / " n * / " n ^^ ". N >f\ _* _ v^3 . * Pfänder / _^-^ • _*—•**^ - • _ * • *• rt jl f j \B r e? ^M \" >^ ' ^^f^ ' . * " ^ ^ ^ ^' ' Hochgrat * ' . J^ - 47"30' vsSSffiTil \ /^7^"\ ^-^^' " ' ^ " . • ' « ' • " V^ So ( ' >^>—^\^ " ' . Hittisau r. . . "S^^ ^T / ^\*w»V> \ T-^S\* n - _ J . . ^**^*^"^ -V"'^ I 01 i 51 i i i i 1I0 kr- »i Lustenai fa ^- ^ . . \ n ^^^^^^Sl ••^P - ^^M n^^^^^F l^:i:t •.f<•l• Mt ^.\ iî' ~^ &v r .hÛ^^m 1 /\ ^^^fHocnalpeSekopf / DornßTr.'nTW. CT K-:, * ,7 1 p/iilliTiüfi i Be zau • / ^-rrrffi 1 TirrfHiTrnr 11 • 1 ^ 1 yfTTTT ? ' ' 7 /'I 1 n X Hohenems fL ' \\ 1111 WPPffffll 111 1 I Hoher IfSn 1 / wflllll IHJi 111! °l jl 1 | II *| || ah* 1/3 /^*l Ü/M IS I IM llllim lllllii 1111 IJlljIli!JM=^^ 3ÖIZIS [^•»flKugelDIIII HI ,'„ , || Kanisfliir 11 : 4 III > / 1 „ «A \\\\wi \\\\^^JAM • - Rankweil J ^^m/ ^^^y Damüls A \ M\\ Wf Warlh 1 /H Ml \ M • 4 MP \\\\\W^ * / _s~- ? iß ^ ^^^pl FrastanzV / ui3 £_•**—^^&0*' 1 äjr Lech Li c h ^N. Nenzing f /Y~\ R( te V r'and / A *\*^\ y Dr i\ Schwe stern / Bludenz «^> V a\l u z J / 1 A 71r ^HJ^ M Lor Li n. s. .p\/ Dal 1i as " * "i +.a.n gen "—T P Aa rs 1s b e r +g yî iI \y+ + y Btl 1 < + + ( + / ^S\ ^Schru —^ + + 3 + « 1 ^1 ^ , / ^-v i .(-GaflunaKopf / Scesaplana Falk lis / * ^M •Mittag-)+ . , :!:J:. •j2>*'*';::::: i""""~ "^sj • H spitze L + /" | + \ "*" + ^w^^. •' Q E38 O9 rî" r-zn- Fig. 1: Tectonic sketch-map of Vorarlberg (modified after M. RICHTER, 1978). 1 = Foreland Molasse; 2 = Subalpine Molasse; 3 = Helvetic Zone; 4 = Schuppenzone; 5—7 = Penninic Zone; 5 = Northern and southern Flysch Zone, Prätigau Flysch; 6 = Falknis-Sulzfluh Nappe; 7 = Arosa Schuppenzone; 8 + 9 = Austro-Alpine Unit; 8 = Crystalline basement (Altkristallin); 9 = Northern Calcareous Alps; 10 = Major thrust-plane; 11 = Excursion stop. 106 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at (Cretaceous) movements. Three major subsidiary nappes can be distinguished from the top to the bottom: the Inntal Nappe, the Lechtal Nappe and the Allgäu Nappe. In Vorarlberg the influence of a very low-grade Alpine metamorphism is restricted to the southerly regions mainly resulting in a retrograde metamorphism of parts of the Silvretta crystalline complex. The Pleistocene history is proved by a broad variety of glacial phenomena. The glaciation attained a thick ness of about 1000 m. The Rhine valley was a very prominent glacier bed. The Rhine glaciers extended as far as 40 km north of the Bodensee during the glacial maximum. Stop 1.1. Gebhardsberg Foreland Molasse Top. sheet 111 Dornbirn The locality Gebhardsberg (590 m above sealevel) lies about 190 m above the Bodensee. Beside the parking place the Eggenburgian sandstone-conglomerate-(Nagel- fluh)-sequence (fig. 3, tab. 1) is exposed with low-angle north-north-west dip. The sandstones are overlain by several meters of conglomerates with thick crossbedding. The pebbles consist of yellowish more or less quartzose limestones thought to be derived from Flysch rocks. At some places the conglomerate contains oyster shells. Regarding the tectonic position the locality is situated in the Foreland Molasse. Here at its southern end the Foreland Molasse was lifted by the northward push of the Alpine thrust sheets resulting in a northward slope of the beds. The castle-like buildings of Gebhardsberg were esta blished at the site of the former Bregenz Castle which has been built in the 11. century and destroyed during the Thirty Years War in 1647. Some remains of this castle are still preserved. Scenic view from the panorama platform beside the restaurant: In the west the Bodensee with adjoining towns of Bregenz and Lindau; the glacial morphology of the hilly landscape on the German side towards north-west; from west towards south the Swiss Molasse mountains, the Säntis and Churfirsten mountains be longing to the Helvetic Zone and the northernmost mountains of Graubünden; in the background to the south on the Austrian side east of the Rhine valley the Rätikon as the westernmost part of the Northern Cal careous Alps; in front of it the eastern continuation of the Helvetic unit with the Flysch outlier of the Hohe Kugel; nearer towards south-south-east the Hochälpele- kopf as part of the Northern Flyschzone; the adjoining mountains in the north belong to the Subalpine Molasse, which is rather narrow here, and the Foreland Molasse; below us the broad valley floor of the Rhine valley with the deltas of the Rhine and the Bregenzer Ache. ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at NNW FORELAND MOLASSE | SUBALPINE MOLASSE SSE ZONE OF INGRÜNE I |AL%NRCSCHWENDE| QAISKOPF SYNCLINE Schneider-Sp. Gaiskopf Wirtatobel Bregenzer 971m 1kmW \,--v 1]J^tm l Bödele Ache Alberschwende^V OMM -2000 -3000 Fig. 3: Section across the western Molasse Zone of Vorarlberg (modified after W. RESCH, 1979). OSM = Upper Freshwater Molasse; OMM = Upper Marine Molasse; USM = Lower Freshwater Molasse. Epochs Stages Formations Lithologic Units Badenian Silvana Beds, coarse conglomerates, sandstones, Upper Freshwater Molasse and limnic marls, —700 m (Pfänder) PKarpatian ne Ottnangian Red conglomerates and glauconitic sandstones, ce —450 m o g Oli Upper Marine Molasse Coal-seam Eggenburgian -i Conglomerates, sandstones (partly glauconitic), 1. * marls, ~ 250 m Granitic Molasse, sandstones, 1500 m Kojen Beds Steigbach Beds, sandstones Egerian Lower Freshwater Molasse and conglomerates, —1000 m Weissach Beds, red marls, sandstone s, conglomerates, ~ 1200 m e n ce 1. 2. Baustein Beds, calcareous sandstones, conglo o Mi merates, ~ 100 m Rupelian Lower Marine Molasse Tonmergel Beds, grey marls, ~ 300 m Deutenhausen Beds, grey marls, sands tones and Lattorfian sporadic conglomerates Tab. 1: Stratigraphic correlation of the Molasse Zone in Vorarlberg (modified after M. RICHTER, 1978, and unpublished data of W. RESCH, Universität Innsbruck, and the IGCP Project 25 Working Group). 108 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at References Marine Molasse". At the southern end of the village CZURDA, K., HANTKE, R., OBERHAUSER, R. & RESCH, W. of Wolfurt (Rickenbach) we enter the Subalpine Molasse. (1979): Molasse, Helvetikum, Flysch und Nördliche Kalk In Schwarzach the route turns eastwards into the alpen im Bregenzer Wald (Exkursion I am 21. April 1979). Schwarzach valley. — Jber. Mitt. oberrhein. geol. Ver., N. F. 61, 97—109, Stuttgart. Stop 1.2. Schwarzachtobel HEIM, ARN., BAUMBERGER, E. & STEHLIN, H. G. with contri bution of FUSSENEGGER, S. (1928): Die subalpine Molasse Subalpine Molasse, Baustein Beds des westlichen Vorarlberg. — Vierteljahrsschr. naturf. Ges. Top. sheet 111 Dornbirn Zürich 73, Zürich. RICHTER, M. (1978): Vorarlberger Alpen. — 2nd ed., Samml. The locality, an abandoned quarry, is situated within Geol. Führer 49, 1 geol. map, 171 p., Berlin (Borntraeger). the northern limb of a subsidiary syncline (Syncline of Alberschwende) of the Subalpine Molasse (figures 3 Route description: We leave Gebhardsberg and 4). The exposed well-bedded, grey and calcareous and Bregenz towards southeast via Wolfurt. Note the sandstones of approximately 25 m and a medium-angle rockwalls at the southern side of the Gebhardsberg ex southward dip represent the Baustein Beds which are posing a major section of the Eggenburgian "Upper part of the Oligocene "Lower Marine Molasse" NNW SSE Fig. 4: Section across the "Lower Marine Molasse" in the Schwarzachtobel (modified after ARN. HEIM et al., 1928). 1 = Tonmergel Beds; 2 = Baustein Beds; 3 = Weißach Beds; T = Thrust plane. Hoher Freschen 2004 FLYSCHZONE HELVETIC ZONE ( S ä n t i s - N a pp e ) i' i i i « QUATERNARY SCHUPPENZONE 8 i i« ; ^\ 2 M I5 [mCLTj] 13 Fig. 5: Section across the Helvetic Zone (Säntis Nappe) south of Hohenems superimposed by remains of the Flyschzone (modi fied after R. OBERHAUSER, 1979). 1 = Lacustrine deposits of the Rhine valley lake; 2 = Alluvial fan; 3 = Talus; 4 = Reiselsberg Sandstone; 5 = Globigerina Beds; 6 = Leimern Marls; 7 = Nummulitic Beds; 8 = Wang Beds; 9 = Amden Marls; 10 = Seewer Limestone (Gault); 11 = Schratten Limestone; 12 = Drusberg Marl; 13 = Siliceous Limestone; 14 = Valanginian Limestones and Marls, Zementstein Beds a. s. o. 109 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at (tab. 1). Downwards the thickness of the layers is in Stop 1.3. Götzis, Kobelfeisen creasing. Rippelmarks with preferred orientation, pyriti- Helvetic Zone, Götzis Anticline ferous layers, occasional clay galls and cross-bedding Top. sheet 111 Dornbirn can be observed. There are hardly fossils (f. e. Cardium sp.) to be found. However, there are abundant plant re The Barremian-Aptian Schratten Limestone crops out mains and trace fossils. The tough sandstones have been at the beginning of the geological-botanical instruction worked for paving stones and whetstones. path. This place is situated in the inverted limb of At the valley floor below the quarry a section of the a recumbent fold (Götzis Anticline) in which a Hel Baustein Beds and the basal parts of the overlying vetic succession (tab. 2) from Valanginian marls to Weißach Beds is exposed. Note the sharp contact. The Coniacian-Santonian Amden Beds is involved (fig. 6). underlying Tonmergel Beds crop out at the road-side This inverted limb of the Götzis Anticline extends as exposures close to the quarry. far as Sonderberg, a hill rising from the valley floor NNW SSE Oberes Schönebuch QUATERNARY CRETACEOUS 1 5E3' grjn3po .2 Minimi |3 Fig. 6: Section across the Götzis Anticline (modified after R. OBERHAUSER, 1979). 1 = Lacustrine deposits of the Rhine valley lake; 2 = Talus; 3 = Moraine; 4 = Amden Marl; 5 = See wer Limestone; 6 = Gault-Greensandstone; 7 = Schratten Lime stone; 8 = Drusberg Marl; 9 = Siliceous Limestone; 10 = Valanginian oolitic limestone; 11 = Valanginian marl. References about 400 m north of stop 1.3. An inverted succession HEIM, ARN., BAUMBERGER, E. & STEHLIN, H. G. with con of quartzose-glauconitic thick-bedded limestone with tribution of FUSSENEGGER, S. (1928): Die subalpine Molasse oolithic domains, grey marls and Hauterivian siliceous des westlichen Vorarlberg. — Vierteljahrsschr. naturf. Ges. limestones is exposed there, in a small abandoned quarry Zürich 73, Zürich. at the eastern end of this hill. RESCH, W., HANTKE, R. & LOACKER, H. (1979): Molasse und To the northeast there is again an impressive view of Quartär im vorderen Bregenzerwald mit Besuch der Kraft parallel escarpments mainly of Schratten Limestone on werksbauten (Exkursion C am 19. April 1979). — Jber. the valley flanks. The fold structure of this area is Mitt. oberrhein. geol. Ver., N. F. 61, 19—36, Stuttgart. illustrated in fig. 5. Remains of the tectonically over RICHTER, M. (1978): Vorarlberger Alpen. 2. Aufl. — Samml. Geol. Führer 49, 1 geol. map, 171 p., Berlin (Borntraeger). lying Schuppenzone and Flyschzone are preserved in the core of some synclines. Route description: After returning to Schwarzach the route continues southwards along the References eastern edge of the floor of the Rhine valley. In the OBERHAUSER, R. (1979): Helvetikum, Südliche Flyschzone northern part of the town of Dornbirn we enter the und Quartär am Rheintalrand und im westlichen Walgau (Exkursion F am 20. April 1979). — Jber. Mitt. oberrhein. Helvetic Zone. The valley flanks after Dornbirn show geol. Ver., N. F. 61, 57—70, Stuttgart. parallel escarpments of Schratten Limestone caused by OBERHAUSER, R.: Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich the repetition of normal and inverted sequences of the 1 : 25 000, Bl. 111 Dornbirn Süd. — Geologische Bundes folded Helvetic series (fig. 5). When passing the town anstalt Wien (in press). of Hohenems pay attention to the famous Renaissance RICHTER, M. (1978): Vorarlberger Alpen. 2nd ed. — Samml. palace in the center of this town. Geol. Führer 49, Berlin (Borntraeger). 110 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at e Globigerina Marls, —150 m n Eocene ge Nummulitic Limestone o e a Pal Paleocene Fraxern Greensand Maastrichtian Wang Beds, dark marly and siliceous limestones, —300 m s u o Campanian e ac Santonian Amden Beds, grey marls, —300 m Cret Coniacian er p p Seewer Limestone, pale, partly nodular limestone and U Turonian marl, —100 m Cenomanian Brisi Sandstone, greensands and marls, —40 m Albian - - Schratten Limestone, pale, Aptian s *'^' thick-bedded limestone, —200 m u o e c a Cret Barremian Danrdu sbnoerdgu laBr edlism, esdtoanrke s, m—arl4s0 0 m er w o Siliceous Limestone, thick-bedded, interlayered by black, L Hauterivian cherty beds, oolithes and fine breccias, —100 m Valanginian Marl, dark, interbedded with oolitic and Valanginian reef limestone, —200 m Zementstein Beds, thin-bedded limestones and marls, c Portlandian —100 m si s a er Jur Kimmeridgian Quinten Limestone, thick-bedded, grey, —350 m p p U Oxfordian Schilt Beds, brownish marls, —120 m Tab. 2: Schematic stratigraphy of the Helvetic Zone in Vorarlberg (modified after M. RICHTER, 1978). Route description: From the Rheintal Auto Stop 1.4. Samina Gorge near Frastanz bahn near Götzis view of the mountaineous landscape Flyschzone, Reiselsberg Sandstone east of Götzis. The NE-striking folds of the Helvetic Top. sheet 141 Feldkirch series are cut almost perpendicular by some peri-glacial dry valleys which have been shaped by glacial melt- A section of the Cenomanian-Turonian Reiselsberg water (fig. 7). One of them ends south of Götzis. At Sandstone (tab. 3) with a general medium-angle south the town of Feldkirch the route leaves the Rhine valley ward dip is exposed along a small road on a distance and enters the 111 valley. Feldkirch stands near the of about 500 m between the power station and the mouth southern boundary of the Helvetic Zone. The tunnel of the valley. Near the power station limestones inter below the Schattenburg in Feldkirch and the narrow bedded by marls are folded about steeply inclined axes. part of the 111 valley (Felsenau) immediately southeast Downstream after a moraine exposure follow massive of Feldkirch passes mainly Schratten Limestone. After light mica bearing sandstones alternating with marl this threshold the valley opens. This broad section of layers. Slump folds and drag marks indicating depo- the lower 111 valley is called Walgau. After the melting sitional transport from the east can be seen at the lower of the Wurm glacier this over-deepened basin has been surface of one layer. This mica-sandstone-rich succes filled by the drift of the 111 river. Near the village of sion continues downstream as far as to the shed near Frastanz the route enters the Southern Flyschzone. the end of the gorge. Ill ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ALTSTÄTTÜS — ~Hohenems I •-« ,/tichberg' Montlinger B. " la»'., ^ltichbühel / -*---•= v.~ •=• ••<-J\ JUS / $>§^P* .-: . Obernet /--^.•.«i-.v.s^ Jjr A\ 5 ?K ^-^ -- *• ^..• • • %&*"£^js£n& °o Vi':.*'*«" Hirschenspruhtj ,«;•••' ;iningen D 2&CRüthi * ici ,« RankweiK ^^-^ Of Altenstadt 0*11 Vv ,H..nJ>) ' VVaalduna • • .Übersaxen Runggels D 0 / m *•• x J"» C? iSf* «Clunia,. O J •. ** »y-O OC5 5 3^10 ^^ 7 -.••••.. 11 o o0 12 Fig. 7: Sketch-map of the Quaternary geology of the area around Götzis and Feldkirch (R. HANTKE, 1979). 1 = Moraine rampart; 2 = Glacial terrace; 3 = Ice margin; 4 = Periglacial meltwater gully; 5 = Roche moutonnee; 6 = Former river bed; 7 = Ice marginal lake; 8 = Talus fan; 9 = Moor or lake terrace; 10 = Bog, peat; 11 = Valley margin; 12 = Springs. Regionally the Reiselsberg Sandstone is of consider Geological map able thickness in the western part of the Flyschzone but HEISSEL, W., OBERHAUSER, R. & SCHMIDEGG, O. (1967): Geo of subordinate importance in the eastern part. logische Karte des Walgaues, 1 :25 000. — Geologische Bundesanstalt Wien. Reference Route description: Returning back to the OBERHAUSER, R. (1979): Helvetikum, Südliche Flyschzone und Quartär am Rheintalrand und im westlichen Walgau main road the route continues upstream the 111 valley (Exkursion F am 20. April 1979). — Jber. Mitt. oberrhein. towards southeast. After the village of Nenzing the geol. Ver., N. F. 61, 57—70, Stuttgart. route enters the region of the Austro-Alpine Unit repre- 112

Geology of the Eastern Alps

Similar Geology of the Eastern Alps