%"’()*+,*-.// !"#!$%& 22 $$ 11 "" ..%% (( ..%% !! ## 00 !"#$%&’%(#$’!)*+ ),$!"#$-)**./!%)&0 1*##($2$3%#’$),$ 4%1$/"5*65 CANCER, INCORPORATED Ralph W. Moss, PhD © 2020 by Ralph W. Moss, PhD All Rights Reserved Equinox Press Blue Hill, ME 04614 Advance Comments “ At first I was appalled. Then I cried. Now I am angry and want to do something about this. Unless those of us impacted by cancer (and that is the majority of us) do the same, the cancer profit engine will continue to suck money out of the suffering. Read this book. Cry and yell. Then demand that national policies change before you, too, suffer and die for the benefit of Big Pharma.” — Wayne Jonas, MD Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Georgetown School of Medicine; Former Director, Office of Alternative Medicine (1995-1999), National Institutes of Health “ Ralph Moss has nailed his protest to the cathedral door of Big Pharma for its corruption of oncology. Cancer, Incorporated is a very important document that could spark a revolt reverberating far into the future.” — Tibor Bakacs, MD, PhD, DSc Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest “ An extremely important book, which reveals the profoundly corrupting influence of money on cancer research and treatment. Everyone involved in cancer care needs to read this book and to act on its recommendations.” — Dwight L. McKee, MD Diplomate, American Board of Medical Oncology “C ancer, Incorporated presents an amazing array of historical facts on the relationship of Big Pharma to cancer care in America. I applaud Ralph Moss’s courage.” — Damian Dupuy, MD Professor of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island “ If you care about cancer research and treatment, read this powerful critique. When the history of cancer treatment is written, Moss will be remembered as one of the leading science journalists of our time.” — Michael Lerner, PhD Author of Choices in Healing Director of Commonweal, Bolinas, CA “ Strong and convincing! It is about time that the hard facts are presented to the public and the oncology profession. I congratulate Moss for his courage in showing that sometimes—the king is naked.” — Professor Shimon Slavin, MD Biotherapy International, Tel Aviv, Israel “ A well-documented analysis linking Big Pharma with the outrageous cost of cancer medicine. At the end, Moss suggests potential ways to reduce the problem.” — Michael Retsky, PhD Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts “ Ralph Moss has illuminated the dark side of the cancer industry, where revenue generation trumps patient outcome.” — Thomas Seyfried, PhD Professor of Biology, Boston College Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts “ This is an amazing piece of work! Ralph Moss has eloquently delivered a no-holds-barred, tell-all synopsis of the corruption of the cancer business. He poses a question to the reader at the end of this book, ‘How would you propose to improve such a broken system?’ My answer is to begin by making Moss’ book required reading for all individuals involved in the cancer industry.” — Mark A Rosenberg, MD President and Medical Director, Advanced Medical Therapeutics Boca Raton, Florida “ This groundbreaking book will leave the reader in awe. I strongly recommend it to anyone who has cancer, who cares for cancer patients, or simply cares for humanity and good health.” — Ferre Akbarpour, MD Chief Medical Officer, Orange County Immune Institute Huntington Beach, California “ Thank you, Ralph Moss, for exploring and exposing distortions in drug company data and the potentially painful consequences for cancer patients.” — James S. Gordon, MD Former chair of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy Washington, DC Published by Equinox Press A division of The Moss Reports 104 Main Street • Suite 1422 Blue Hill, Maine 04614-1422 United States of America 207-536-9196 info@mossreports.com © 2020 by Ralph W. Moss All Rights Reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information address Equinox Press Subsidiary Rights Department, 104 Main Street, Suite 1422, Blue Hill, Maine 04614-1422, USA Photographs are from iStockPhoto or in the public domain from Wikimedia Commons. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moss, Ralph W. Cancer, Incorporated / Ralph W. Moss, PhD. — First edition. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN (alk. paper) 978-1-881025-14-6 1. Oncology. 2. Cancer—Chemotherapy—Research—United States. 3. —Immunotherapy–Research–United States. 4. —Drugs—Research—Corrupt practices—United States. 5. Pharmaceutical policy—United States. 6. American Society of Clinical Oncology. 7. United States Food and Drug Administration. I. Title. 616.99 Library of Congress Control Number: 2020902007 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-881025-14-6 ISBN 978-1-881025-15-3 (ebook) v.2 Cover art: Ben Moss If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with cancer, you may be asking: !"#$%"&’%$%"()&%$*(&+,%-"&."$(/+(&+.*0"1’%2."(*/"-3$4%$56 !"#$%"&’%$%"*(&3$()"$%2%/+%-"&’(&"($%"%7%1&+,%6 !"8’+1’"’.-9+&()-0"1)+*+1-".$"/.1&.$-"’(,%"&’%"2.-&"%:9%$+%*1%" ’%)9+*4"9%.9)%";+&’"25"&59%".<"1(*1%$6 !"=-"+223*%"&’%$(95"&’%"$+4’&"1’.+1%"<.$"2%6 !"#$%"-399)%2%*&-"(*/"(*&+.:+/(*&-"’%)9<3)6 !"8’(&">+*/".<"/+%&";+))"’%)9"25"?./5"’%()6 !"#$$!%&’#%($ @’%$%"($%"F.--"G%9.$&-"<.$"2.-&"1(*1%$"&59%-H" I(1’"F.--"G%9.$&"4+,%-"5.3"JKKL"9(4%-".<"39M&.M/(&%"%:9%$&" (*()5-+-".*"())"5.3$"&$%(&2%*&".9&+.*-"+*1)3/+*4N ✓" #)&%$*(&+,%"@$%(&2%*&- ✓ A.*,%*&+.*()"@$%(&2%*&- ✓ =223*.&’%$(95 ✓ B(&3$.9(&’5 ✓ C.1&.$-"(*/"A)+*+1- ✓ A)+*+1()"@$+()- ✓ C+%&"(*/"D+<%-&5)% ✓ E399)%2%*&- www.mossreports.com )#*$+,(-(.#*$ Your personal consultation with Dr. Moss will help you make the best informed treatment decisions. !"#$%&’()*+,$-. !"#$%&’())*&+,-./&0122&/,2&3%%#& %4.15%6"#7&$,#$%6&.,8"%#82*&8/%"6& 9,4"-"%2&,#:&$,6%7";%62*&3<&/%-."#7& 8/%4&4,=%&8/%"6&3%28&"#9164%:& 86%,84%#8&:%$"2"1#2> /01&+2&)2&+$3+(4+055. ?#$1-17"282&5"--&@2@,--<&6%$144%#:& 214%&$143"#,8"1#&19&$/%418/%6,.<*& 2@67%6<&,#:&6,:",8"1#>&!":%& !"#$%&’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’(&)9&. ,#:&6%21@6$%2>& C6>&0122&,#:&/"2&8%,4&86,;%-& !02,+4$+:)7&’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www.mossreports.com Table of Contents Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Section I: Conventional Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter 1. The limits of chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2. It began with Ehrlich. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 3. Drug company indifference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Chapter 4. A proper and pleasing effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Chapter 5. The War on Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Chapter 6. Clinical trials: a sordid history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Chapter 7. The high-dose chemo fiasco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chapter 8. Precision oncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Chapter 9. Immune checkpoint inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Section II: Three Complementary Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Chapter 1. Metabolic therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Chapter 2. The Kleef protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Chapter 3. Coley’s toxins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Section III: Scientific Research Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Chapter 1. What is an effective treatment? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Chapter 2. The takeover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Chapter 3. Advertising and propaganda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Chapter 4. How to rig a trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Chapter 5. Case study: Avastin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Chapter 6. Tumor responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Section IV: Corruption of Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Chapter 1. The Cancer Industry revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Chapter 2. The chemotherapy concession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Chapter 3. Open Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Chapter 4. The case of Dr. Baselga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Chapter 5. Regulating the regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Chapter 6. Revelations from Goldman Sachs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Section V: Fixing the Cancer Drug Scandal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Chapter 1. Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Chapter 2. Why nationalize? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Section VI: Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 To Martha For nothing is greater or better than this, than when a man and a woman keep house together sharing one heart and mind, a great grief to their foes and a joy to their friends. Homer, The Odyssey A.T. Murray, translator / Loeb Classical Library, Book VI, lines 182–185 vii Preface “ We landed in our present mess because of innumerable mistakes in the past…. They include failure of clinical scientists, their institutions and the editors of the journals publishing their science.… I believe it will take a revolution to sweep away decades of self-dealing by industry.” — Drummond Rennie, MD, Deputy Editor, Journal of the American Medical Associaton To the average person, cancer needs no introduction. It is now one of the predominant causes of illness, suffering and death in most countries, including the United States of America. In 2020, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimated that there would be more than 1.8 million new cases of invasive cancer. Over 600,000 A mericans die of cancer in a given year, or 1,660 deaths per day. Worldwide, the picture is just as bad. This disease accounts for one in six deaths. Each year there are an estimated 17 million new cases of cancer diagnosed, and 9.5 million deaths. By 2040, says the ACS, the global burden is expected to reach 27.5 million new cases and 16.3 million cancer deaths annually. But bad habits, especially cigarette addiction fostered by the tobacco industry, will almost certainly multiply that effect. In response to this catastrophe, many countries (led by the United States) have committed significant resources to the search for reliable cures for cancer. However, despite federal spending of over six billion dollars in 2019, progress has been painfully slow. We are told that steady progress is being made. In particular, it is said that the current system is producing effective ‘targeted’ drugs almost every day. New drugs are bringing a supposed “world without cancer” into view. The giant M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas has even crossed out the word “cancer” from its logo, to indicate the imminent demise of the disease. Disclaimer: The information provided in this book is for general educational purposes only. Neither the author nor the publisher makes warranties, expressed or implied, that this information is complete nor do they warrant the fitness of this information for any particular purpose. This information is not intended as medical advice. We encourage all cancer patients to be under the care of licensed medical providers. Note to readers: Rather than interrupt the flow of the narrative with footnotes, we have placed all references in the Endnotes section.

Cancer, Incorporated

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