- ACOlviA GRANIMAR AND TEXTS DY WICK R. :VIILLl\1( UK11VERSt'rV 0 1'' CAl..If'ORNIA I'R.J:Ss :OEl<>nl n, symboU~ed (TSE), ..... G? 10, Seeondr~ry eoarticu1atfon morpbophonemce: 1.r. J, Q. All ................................. 10 ll. Prlmnry eoartleutatlon morphophonemu: u• • ·• J u .................................... 72 12. ltetronex con110nanta ortd p:\.laial atop$ before Cront vowels .... , ....••...•.•....••.•..•••..•• 7G L3. Vowel c:ontraction$., ••..•••...••..•..••.••••••.... 11 14. Medial ctottol atop ond \o"OWtl c::hanfft-8.. • •••.•••••• 79 II 15. 'fhu brtrmonlc vovrcl VJI ••......•....... .••••..••• 70 16. The 84:qllenceJ I"'Ull and l,iuft ....... ···-· ....... 80 I v vi CON'I'BNTS I• lui 1•1 .............. 11 Chrulg. . from to Md 80 lB. JlcdupUcative und length ntOt'jlhOmf'S , • , . , , , , •.• , , l10 19. Accent nblaut II< ·HI. :~r~d accent abhJut w1tl1 le"ith lll"ll .............. ............... 81 20. ACI.!Cnt etmngcs wllh v.:u·h\\.11~ length II: II . , ....... , 6?. 21. Onacc:enlcd .short syUabl~• before £lottalh. ..~ d eonaonllnt.s. • •••••••••••..•.••••.....••..•....• 83 n. Accent aoRS ••• , , , , •• , , • , , • , , •.•• , , , •• , •,. , , ••• , , 1,13 23. Accent chnnge11 with glottAL stop , ••• , , , • • • ••••• , • 85 24. Internal word juncture . . , ...... , . . . . . . . • . ...•. , . 88 25. Long eyHa.bles hMorc jun~t ure ...••..... , , . . , .... , 00 26. CloUal AQCrot pluo glotlnllzcd sonarnnts •••..•••..• 90 27. Clonal oce~n' ..- orying w.ith ralhnr. iiCCt:nt •••••••••• 90 2ft. AccP1\t1 on shOrl sylltsld\'• .... , •••..... , .....•. .. 00 29. 'l'hc a.Rph•ation o( O(:cluslvet; ••....••....••.••... .• 90 30. The glonnhz.ation of soooro.nt& ••••••••••••••••.•.• 01 220. Summl'lry of thft rnorphophoncmlcs ..• , •.•...•••.•... .. .. 03 2:J(), A.lloiUOrphy of the pronominal pt•cCi.xe.a •• , ••••. , ••• , . • . • 9!1 2o10. Al!omorph.y of the plural suffix ••••••..••....• ~ .•••..•• l01 300. Ltli'Oducuon to the g1•nmroar ••....••. ,. ....••.••...•••.. , ...•. llO 400. V crb 1 heme• ••........•...••..•..••••...• • ••••.•.•••••••. ••• I J 3 •liO. Th~1nn1tc d£.'1'1Valioo •••...•••..•• , . ••••••..••.••.••.•. 113 "20. lnfini\iYes .••• , ••••••••• , ••••.•.•.• , .•• , •..•..••... ••. 122 430. JnOcctlon •••.•. , ..•.••..•.••• 123 o • ••• • • ••• o •• , •• o, ••• ••• •l10. Nonthomntic t~urri.xes •.. ,. o • • • • • • •••• • ••••••• o •• o ••• o •• 125 4&0. CloealC1catory verbs •••••••••• l32 o ••••••••••••••••••••• ,. oiGO. Au)Clliary verb& ••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , • , .••• 1l5 470. Pcrlplu·asttu coosh·ucttons 141 500. Noun theme• .....•. , •.....••...•..•.•.••..•...••. , ..•••.•.• 144 1)10. Iualiennbly p01J6U&scti uoun& , •••••••• • ••.••••. •••• •• ..• 14.-1 $20. Amhlvalents ••••..•••••••••••••. •••.•...•••••••••••..• 146 530. lnDeetlon . ....................... ............ .... .... . 1·17 ..... . ::.~o. Plural of HUUrlt 11l8 ··~·· ······~···················· 148 560. lnOclnlt S!lh ··••••••o•••••••••••••···•···••••·····•~······. 216 16, Picking Prickly Penrs., •..•.••• ,,, ....• ,, •..• ,, •• , •... 2l0 l • ••••• l7. l'vlaking Sol\P, .......•. , •. , ••.• ·•· .......... , ....••••.••• 218 o •••• l8. lndlan l'lotedlc:\nc ••••••••• 218 o •••••••••••••••••• ,, •••••••••••••••• 19. School. ...••••.•.............•••.•••••••.........••••••...•.. 220 20. Co,,•boy 1..1 fc ns a l(ld •• , .•.....•.• , ••...•..•.•...• 220 o • ••••• , ••• 21, Cictunc o l)r·um Qt Cochttl ••• ~ •••••••••••••.• o ••••••• •••••• , •• 22.2 22. [t"rtgalion Oit<"hcs •••• o., •••• o,. o •• , . .......................... 222 23. Pl:antlng ••• , , •.•• , . 22-f o ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••• viii CONTF.N'l'S 24o l:farvo8l •• o. o o o o o ••. o ••••..•.• o •••••• 22'4 0, • ••••••••••• 0 •• 0 •••• 0 • 25. GrindJng Corn ••••...•..•••.••. , . , ••. , , .•• .,_, .•• , .• •., .•••... 226 0 20. Corntnuol i\1unh ••••.•.• , •... , . , •...•..•..•... , • , ..• , . , .••.. , , 22& 21. TortUlns (and A Warn tnt) ...••.••••••••..••••••• o ............. 226 28. Stuffed Tripe • , •••••..• , ....... .......... , .•...•....... , ••... . 228 20. Pgttor•y ••• ,,. o •.. , o o,, o,,.,,.,, ••• • •••• ,,, ••••• ,, ••••• o.,, ••. 228 30. Pouc:ry Patnt• .....•. o •• o •••••••••••••••••• o •••••••••• o •••••• 230 :JI, Hunting ..... , ••....• , ........................... , . o., . , o.,, ••• 230 32. Tropu nnd SutLrc.s ..•.....••• 2J2 o •••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• o .. , . , 33. Building Houses ...... , ••.......... .....................•..... 234 34. Shinll)' •••..••••••••• , ..•.• , , ••.•• , , ••••. , ......... , ..... , .... 230 3!L ·rargcl l:'t'actico .. , •... 240 o • • , • ••••••• • ••••••••••••••••• • •••• •••• 36. Stick Rating •••••.•••• o ••••••••• o •• o ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 242 37 o Growlng Up tn the Old D to off'cr pro tt:otlon from th~ NavaJo and AJ)ncbe. ·rodny moiit or the AconHJN Hve in thu nonrhy tnrmJng colonlco of Ar.:o.tn1ta ond McCilt'liC~. nnd rfltur·n to Acoma only tor apeci.al occaaions. Only n few of lh~ Older people live permanently at Aeoma. ~re are approxl mat ely two thousand Acoma lndl•ns. <'lftd virllially all of them are nr~tive speakcra of Acomo. Acoma belongs to !hC Korea langut•(JIJ r~ntily, whtoh lm::lude& lllao t>lx other closely related !anguaees or dialect•. Laguna. u Keres pueblo to tatexlc:o. The Tanoan lar~auages a~ •poken al a number or pueblos ln the Rio Gr-a.ndl!! Valley and form A more dh•ercUled family than Kere$. Uto•A.'Z.tec-:m tH ropr~· semcd by lbc Uopl langu,:~go. upoken nt n number of pu(lhlOs 1u north (I{I$1Crn .4rll:Ono. Acoma h~ bc:en in eoo\act with other pueblo groups Cor some Ume. probably at JeOHl since \he bcftinoing of tho pueblo erol, some rt!teen hundred 1.() two thousand yt~rara ugo. Thore has bct:n much c:ult•u•nl bor &"()wlng blll surpdnlngly lliOo linguistic llOr••owiug, Acoma hoa hccn In contaca with SJ•tuli&h lor over \hree centurles and haR borrowed morE: rrom that t..anRunge than [rOnl neigbborlnR pueblo language$ (MiUcr, IO~r:.ob. I t I 2 ACm1A CRAM MAll AND 1'EXTS 1060). On the othf'r"' hand, lh~! more recen1 contoei wllh Eogliah in the put one hundred y~;ars h~uJ rcsu1h:d 1n vel")' little bc>J"rowing. 'fberc ttt·c n few monoUr\(tua.l Acomns. mOtH of whom nl'C oldCJr wutucn. Spuntsh I. Bpoken by a few or the older people. but the lnngv.ase Is .5C:I· dom used 10day~ and CIJ>paren11y it wna mwc1• lUi common at Acoma nu lt was In tho Rlo Gronde puoblos. 'l'ho "'a.jorit}' or lhe AcomaA have been to the lndb.n Service scboole o.nd •ptok Engllnh. What e1o•entunl drect t':nttlisb wUJ Mve on the nntlve laJ)IfUage remnins to be seen, bul. il con bo predlclod tlun tt ~A'ill bu conHid\!I"Jible. lr• t940 nOlle of the first grotr8. Lim. Tbe grammar Ia a rcvlalon o! my dtssertD.tion subminerl to the Gradu aHJ Division o£ lhe: Urtiverslty of Caltfornta. lu partiaJ t~o.tiahu:tlon or lht:: z•equtcemcnta Cor the degree or Ooclor of Phllosoph.J' In 1962. Grateful t.hnnks aro due to th.e mcmber.!t or the com"'lttce, :\1ory lt. H,1ns, Murray B. En\encnu. o:ld P'ronciu .1. \-Vhltftl.lld, ror lhuir sum_:Mtions nnd po.tiouce: to my wHe tor her patience: and to lhc Acowu spea.kers. whoet> 'A•illJn,a co&peration made this grammar pcuus:lble. - BJB UOCRA PIIY uona, Frn.n~ 1923. •A Kcres:!n Text.• lnternaUonnl Journal of American L.inguis tlC$, VoL 2, pp. J7l•l80. 102~. Keresan Texts. American J::thuologic:.J Soelcfy Publlc!Dtion.!J, Vol. e. Pt. 2. 1928. Kercta.n Text•. Amer-ic:a.n Ethnological Soei~ty PubUealloi'\S. Vol. I, Pt. I. Dnvlu, Jrvin~; 1059, "Linguistic Clue:• to Nor-thorn tHo Gt·andc Prehistory,'' El P.alnrio, Vol. GG, pp. 73•64. "nlo L3!''lg\:agc o( Sa.n~a Ano Pueblo. Bureou of Amerlca.n Ethnology, BuJ1(llln (in pre•••· Pox, .J. R. 1950. "II. Note OJJ Coc.hl tl Llngu[J;llC¥." in Chn rles U. Lnngc, Cochiti. A Ne:w Me.r1to Pueblo, Paal and Present. Aue.tin: Unlvtr6hy of Tt1xas Prctu. Appendl,x No. H, 1)J), 557·512. Cntschet, Albert S. 1876. ZwCM Spt·~tbcn aus dcm SOdwestet·n Nord~amerikas (J,ueblo uod Apache-Mund•rum: Tonto, Tonkawa, Olgger. Uta.h). WeL Dlilr~ Hc:-rmann U6hlau. {Qu6res und Ae. 310-330. Newnum. Stanley S. 1954. "A.merlcAn (udinn Lingutatica in the Soutb.weot, 11 American Anthros:IOlogist. Vol, ~. pp. 626-64.4. Spencer, Robert F. 1046. "1'hc Phonemes of Kerosan," lnteraUlUonaJ Journal of Amcri con LingulsUca, VoL 12, pp. 229-236. 1047. •SpaJl.i.sh LoanworltS. in Kercslln, 11 Southwcst~c·n Journal of Anthropology. Vol. 3. pp. 130-HG. StirUnr:. Matthew W. 1042. ()rlgin Mylb of AcomA and other Records. Uurenu or Ameri can Ethnology~ Bulletin 135, PI>• 1-123. Toomey. 'J'. N. 1914. Citllltn.motlC#-1 and Lexical Notct oa the Kercd Languoge. Uorvas l. . nborntories or AmerJcan LlnquisllC'H. Bu1Jo1.in 5. White. Leslie A. 1932. 111e Acoma lndlons. Bureau or Amerlt-an Ethnology, Annunl llCJ>Orl 47, 1920·10 30. 1943. New Material from Ae:orna.. Sure:au or American Ett\nalogy. Jlulletln 13G. I'P· 303-3SO. 10114o. 11Notes on lhe E:thnology of tho Kereo,'' P:apcra of th~ Jo.tich.l• gon Academy of Science. Arte, and LC:Ucrs, Vol. 30, pp. 557 • 508. 1044b. "A Ceremonial VocabWa.ry omong the Pueblo.-.• lntemntlonol Jour~l or Amortcan LinguistiC&, Vol. 10, pp. IGL-107. 1045. •Not-es on the t::tbnozoology or the Keruuan Pueblo Jc)dians, 11 Papers of the Mlcbignn Academy of Science, Arts, ond Leners. Vol. 3 •~ pp. 223•2-13.

Acoma grammar and texts

Similar Acoma grammar and texts