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Piping Materials Guide by Peter Smith PDF

356 Pages·2005·5.38 MB·English
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Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pagei P I P I N G M A T E R I A L S S E L E C T I O N A N D A P P L I C A T I O N S Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageii Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageiii P I P I N G M A T E R I A L S S E L E C T I O N A N D A P P L I C A T I O N S By PETER SMITH . . . . . AMSTER.DAM BOST.ON HEIDELBERG.LONDON N.EWYORK.OXFORD PARIS SANDIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageiv GulfProfessionalPublishingisanimprintofElsevier 30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK Copyright(cid:1)2005,ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone:(þ44)1865843830,fax:(þ44)1865853333,e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.uk.Youmayalsocompleteyourrequeston-lineviathe Elsevierhomepage(http://elsevier.com),byselecting‘‘CustomerSupport’’andthen ‘‘ObtainingPermissions.’’ (cid:1) Recognizingtheimportanceofpreservingwhathasbeenwritten,Elsevierprintsitsbookson acid-freepaperwheneverpossible. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Applicationsubmitted. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN:0-7506-7743-0 ForinformationonallGulfProfessionalPublishing publicationsvisitourWebsiteatwww.books.elsevier.com 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pagev CONTENTS Preface ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... vii 1 The Piping Material Engineer.. ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 Process Industry Codes and Standards ... ... ... .. 11 3 Materials... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 37 4 Piping Components .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 131 5 Joints for Process Piping Systems.. ... ... ... ... . 171 6 Bolts and Gaskets . .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 201 7 Valves .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 213 8 Glossaries and Abbreviations . ... ... ... ... ... . 243 v Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pagevi Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pagevii PREFACE The Piping Material Selection Guide for Process Systems, as the title states, is a guide for the piping engineer who is faced with the challenge of choosing the correct piping materials of construction. The list of codes and standards in ASME B31.3 that apply to process plant design is huge, and it is impossible to cover them all in one book. Instead I use ASME B31.3 as the basic construction code, and I briefly touch on the most significant codes and standards applicable to the design of the plant. The EPC contractor is responsible for having all the necessary codes andstandards available at all times during the design,construction,and commissioning of the plant. These standards must be the final reference point, and the objective of this book is to guide the piping engineer to that point. Although the function of a piping material engineer is driven by code and specifications, there is no substitute for all-around experience. This can be gained from several areas: the design office, a manufacturer’s facility,thefabricationyard,aswellasthejobsite.Exposuretoasmanyof thesefacetsoftheprocessindustryaspossibleisbeneficialtothegrowth of an engineer’s professional development. Each sector has its own characteristics,andknowledgeofoneaidsthecomprehensiontheothers. The design office is where the project evolves and is engineered and developed on paper. A manufacturer’s facility is were the numerous individualcomponentsessentialforconstructionoftheprojectarebuilt. For piping this includes pipe, fittings, flanges, valves, bolts, gaskets,and the like. In the fabrication yard, the welded piping components are ‘‘spooled’’upfortransportationtothejobsite.Atthejobsite,paperand hardware come together and final fabrication and erection take place. Thevariouspipingsystemsarecommissioned,andtheprojectisbrought to its conclusion and finally handed over to the client’s operators. All these phases of a project are equally important, and it is very important vii Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageviii viii Preface that the engineer understand the challenges that arise in these very different environments. The PipingMaterial Selection Guidefor theProcess Systems is written to be useful to all piping engineers and designers involved in the design, construction,andcommissioningofoil,gas,andpetrochemicalfacilities. However, it is primarily aimed at the piping material engineer, the individual responsible for the selection and the specifying of piping material for process facilities. Pipingengineeringandthematerialsusedintheconstructionofpiping systemsisahugesubject.Itisvirtuallyimpossibletocoverallaspectsof itindepthinonevolume.Inthisbook,Itrytocoverthemostimportant areas and introduce the reader to the fundamentals of the specific subjects. I suggest readers skim through the pages to gain a familiarity withthetopicscovered.Ihaveintroducedeachsubjectandthenlinkedit with text and technical data. I limit my use of opinions and concentrate on mandatory statements that are set out in the design codes. These standards must be met or improved on. MostoftheindividualsIhaveworkedwithhavedevelopedtheirskills by working with fellow engineers who imparted their knowledge to the uninitiated.Theingredientsthatgointomakingagoodengineerarenot fullytaughtinschools,colleges,oruniversities,butbyexperiencegained listeningtomore-knowledgeablecolleagues,absorbinginformation,and through personal research. To be a complete engineer, it is essential not only to have knowledge but to share this knowledge with fellow piping engineers and other colleagues. A piping material engineer’s role is driven by codes, standards, technical data, and catalogued information. When asked a questionIbelievethat,ifpossible,theanswershouldbesupportedwitha copy from the relevant source of information. This allows recipients to filetheinformation,makesthemmoreconfident,andprotectsthepiping material engineer. It is a small action that pays big dividends. Despiteseveralexcellenttextbooksonpipingdesignandpipingstress, Iknowofnonethatspecializesinpipingmaterials.Itisnottheintention ofthisbooktoexplainthegeometryofthenumerouspipingcomponents and how their final shape is computed. All the piping components discussed in this book are covered by strict design codes or recognized manufacturers’ standards.Their dimensionsare carefully calculated and unlikely to change dramatically in the near or distant future. Indeed, most have remained the same dimensionally for several decades and longer. Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageix Preface ix Piping engineering is not rocket science. As a fellow engineer, not a piping specialist, once said, ‘‘I thought that the Romans sorted piping out.’’ Not true, but I see where my colleague was coming from. The pipingcontentofaprojectisgenerallythelargestofallthedisciplinesin material value, engineering, and construction personnel. Piping engin- eering also creates large volumes of paper in the form of drawings, specifications, and support documents. What it lacks in technical complexity it more than makes up for by the volumes of paperwork, which seem to increase each year. So,toconclude, althoughpipingmaynotadvanceasquicklyasother disciplines, such as instrumentation and electrical, which are driven greatly by vendors and technology, piping does not stand still. New materials are always being developed, as well as fresh methods of manufacturing and new designs, that constantly fine-tune what we inherited from our friends the Romans. Ifthisbookdoesnotcompletelyansweryourquestions,Ifeelsurethat it will guide you in the right direction. Peter Smith Fano, Italy June 2004

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