Piping Materials Guide by Peter Smith

356 Pages·2005·5.38 MB·English

Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pagei
P I P I N G
M A T E R I A L S
S E L E C T I O N A N D
A P P L I C A T I O N S
Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageii
Smith/PipingMaterialsGuide FinalProof 14.11.2004 10:45pm pageiii
P I P I N G
M A T E R I A L S
S E L E C T I O N A N D
A P P L I C A T I O N S
By
PETER SMITH
. . . . .
AMSTER.DAM BOST.ON HEIDELBERG.LONDON N.EWYORK.OXFORD
PARIS SANDIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
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CONTENTS
Preface ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... vii
1 The Piping Material Engineer.. ... ... ... ... ... ... 1
2 Process Industry Codes and Standards ... ... ... .. 11
3 Materials... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 37
4 Piping Components .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 131
5 Joints for Process Piping Systems.. ... ... ... ... . 171
6 Bolts and Gaskets . .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 201
7 Valves .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 213
8 Glossaries and Abbreviations . ... ... ... ... ... . 243
v
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PREFACE
The Piping Material Selection Guide for Process Systems, as the title
states, is a guide for the piping engineer who is faced with the challenge
of choosing the correct piping materials of construction.
The list of codes and standards in ASME B31.3 that apply to process
plant design is huge, and it is impossible to cover them all in one book.
Instead I use ASME B31.3 as the basic construction code, and I briefly
touch on the most significant codes and standards applicable to the
design of the plant.
The EPC contractor is responsible for having all the necessary codes
andstandards available at all times during the design,construction,and
commissioning of the plant. These standards must be the final reference
point, and the objective of this book is to guide the piping engineer to
that point.
Although the function of a piping material engineer is driven by code
and specifications, there is no substitute for all-around experience. This
can be gained from several areas: the design office, a manufacturer’s
facility,thefabricationyard,aswellasthejobsite.Exposuretoasmanyof
thesefacetsoftheprocessindustryaspossibleisbeneficialtothegrowth
of an engineer’s professional development. Each sector has its own
characteristics,andknowledgeofoneaidsthecomprehensiontheothers.
The design office is where the project evolves and is engineered and
developed on paper. A manufacturer’s facility is were the numerous
individualcomponentsessentialforconstructionoftheprojectarebuilt.
For piping this includes pipe, fittings, flanges, valves, bolts, gaskets,and
the like. In the fabrication yard, the welded piping components are
‘‘spooled’’upfortransportationtothejobsite.Atthejobsite,paperand
hardware come together and final fabrication and erection take place.
Thevariouspipingsystemsarecommissioned,andtheprojectisbrought
to its conclusion and finally handed over to the client’s operators. All
these phases of a project are equally important, and it is very important
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viii Preface
that the engineer understand the challenges that arise in these very
different environments.
The PipingMaterial Selection Guidefor theProcess Systems is written
to be useful to all piping engineers and designers involved in the design,
construction,andcommissioningofoil,gas,andpetrochemicalfacilities.
However, it is primarily aimed at the piping material engineer, the
individual responsible for the selection and the specifying of piping
material for process facilities.
Pipingengineeringandthematerialsusedintheconstructionofpiping
systemsisahugesubject.Itisvirtuallyimpossibletocoverallaspectsof
itindepthinonevolume.Inthisbook,Itrytocoverthemostimportant
areas and introduce the reader to the fundamentals of the specific
subjects. I suggest readers skim through the pages to gain a familiarity
withthetopicscovered.Ihaveintroducedeachsubjectandthenlinkedit
with text and technical data. I limit my use of opinions and concentrate
on mandatory statements that are set out in the design codes. These
standards must be met or improved on.
MostoftheindividualsIhaveworkedwithhavedevelopedtheirskills
by working with fellow engineers who imparted their knowledge to the
uninitiated.Theingredientsthatgointomakingagoodengineerarenot
fullytaughtinschools,colleges,oruniversities,butbyexperiencegained
listeningtomore-knowledgeablecolleagues,absorbinginformation,and
through personal research.
To be a complete engineer, it is essential not only to have knowledge
but to share this knowledge with fellow piping engineers and other
colleagues. A piping material engineer’s role is driven by codes,
standards, technical data, and catalogued information. When asked a
questionIbelievethat,ifpossible,theanswershouldbesupportedwitha
copy from the relevant source of information. This allows recipients to
filetheinformation,makesthemmoreconfident,andprotectsthepiping
material engineer. It is a small action that pays big dividends.
Despiteseveralexcellenttextbooksonpipingdesignandpipingstress,
Iknowofnonethatspecializesinpipingmaterials.Itisnottheintention
ofthisbooktoexplainthegeometryofthenumerouspipingcomponents
and how their final shape is computed. All the piping components
discussed in this book are covered by strict design codes or recognized
manufacturers’ standards.Their dimensionsare carefully calculated and
unlikely to change dramatically in the near or distant future. Indeed,
most have remained the same dimensionally for several decades and
longer.
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Preface ix
Piping engineering is not rocket science. As a fellow engineer, not a
piping specialist, once said, ‘‘I thought that the Romans sorted piping
out.’’ Not true, but I see where my colleague was coming from. The
pipingcontentofaprojectisgenerallythelargestofallthedisciplinesin
material value, engineering, and construction personnel. Piping engin-
eering also creates large volumes of paper in the form of drawings,
specifications, and support documents. What it lacks in technical
complexity it more than makes up for by the volumes of paperwork,
which seem to increase each year.
So,toconclude, althoughpipingmaynotadvanceasquicklyasother
disciplines, such as instrumentation and electrical, which are driven
greatly by vendors and technology, piping does not stand still. New
materials are always being developed, as well as fresh methods of
manufacturing and new designs, that constantly fine-tune what we
inherited from our friends the Romans.
Ifthisbookdoesnotcompletelyansweryourquestions,Ifeelsurethat
it will guide you in the right direction.
Peter Smith
Fano, Italy
June 2004