Zookeeping: An Introduction to the Science and Technology edited

685 Pages·2013·8.6 MB·English

by  Irwin

Zookeeping

Zookeeping
An Introduction to the Science and Technology
Edited by Mark D. Irwin, John B. Stoner, and Aaron M. Cobaugh
the university of chicago press • chicago and london
With the offi cial endorsement of the following organizations:

Mark D. Irwin is a licensed veterinarian and an associate professor
who leads the zoo technology program at State University of New
York–Jeff erson Community College in Watertown, New York, where he
trains future zookeepers. John B. Stoner has decades of experience in zoo
animal care as a keeper and animal care manager at the Toronto Zoo, and
is an adjunct faculty member at Sheridan College in Brampton, Ontario,
Canada, where he teaches exotic animal science. Aaron M. Cobaugh is an
associate professor and coordinator of the animal management program
at State University of New York–Niagara County Community College in
Sanborn, New York, where he teaches zoo-related courses that train future
zookeepers, and is himself a former zookeeper.
Th e University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637
Th e University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London
© 2013 by Th e University of Chicago
All rights reserved. Published 2013.
Printed in the United States of America
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5
ISBN- 13: 978-0-226-92531-8 (cloth)
ISBN- 13: 978-0-226-92532-5 (e- book)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Zookeeping : an introduction to the science and technology / edited by
Mark D. Irwin, John B. Stoner, and Aaron M. Cobaugh.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-226-92531-8 (cloth : alk. paper) —
ISBN 978-0-226-92532-5 (e-book) 1. Zoos—Management. 2. Animal
handling. I. Irwin, Mark D. II. Stoner, John B. III. Cobaugh, Aaron M.
QL76.Z736 2013
636.088(cid:2)9—dc23
2013016610
o Th is paper meets the requirements of ANSI/ NISO Z39.48-1992
(Permanence of Paper).
Contents
Preface ix Part Four
Zoo Animal Management
Part One 10. Daily Routine and Basic Husbandry 97
Professional Zookeeping John B. Stoner
1. Th e Profession of Zookeeper 3 11. Taxonomy 105
Ken Kawata Gary L. Wilson
2. Professionalism and Career Development 13 12. Anatomy and Physiology (Part 1: Invertebrates) 111
Jacqueline J. Blessington Douglas P. Whiteside
3. Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Keepers 22 13. Anatomy and Physiology (Part 2: Vertebrates) 116
Judie Steenberg and Mark D. Irwin Douglas P. Whiteside
14. Stress and Distress 131
Part Two Murray E. Fowler
Evolution of Zoos
15. Physical Restraint and Handling 137
4. Zoo History 31 Murray E. Fowler
Josef Lindholm III
16. Nutrition 151
5. Today’s Zoos 43 Eduardo V. Valdes
Gordon McGregor Reid
17. Recordkeeping 171
6. Animal Ethics and Welfare 53 Jean D. Miller
Joseph C. E. Barber and Jill D. Mellen
18. Identifi cation 179
Erika K. (Travis) Crook
Part Three
19. Reproduction 190
Workplace Safety and Emergencies
Linda M. Penfold
7. Workplace Safety 65
20. Population Management 200
Ed Hansen
Linda M. Penfold
8. Emergency Readiness and Crisis Management 77
21. Management of Neonatal Mammals 203
Donald E. Moore
Harmony B. Frazier, Janet Hawes, Karla J. Michelson
9. Basic First Aid 86
22. Management of Geriatric Animals 222
Andrew A. Birr
Cynthia E. Stringfi eld
vi contents
23. Transportation and Shipping 229 41. Enrichment Programs 407
Andrea Drost Tammy M. Root
24. Exhibit Design 236 42. Operant Conditioning 416
Patrick R. Th omas Gary L. Wilson
25. Zoo Horticulture 244 43. Husbandry Training 424
Jay H. Ross Ken Ramirez
Part Five Part Seven
Zoo Animal Husbandry and Care Veterinary Care
26. Husbandry and Care of Small Mammals 257 44. Principles of Animal Health 437
Donald E. Moore and Michelle R. Farmerie Mark D. Irwin
27. Husbandry and Care of Hoofstock 266 45. Veterinary Care and Technology 445
Brent A. Huff man Tracey L. Anderson
28. Husbandry and Care of Carnivores 278 46. Zoonotic Disease 455
Adrienne E. Crosier and Michael T. Maslanka Scott P. Terrell
29. Husbandry and Care of Primates 287 47. Preventive Medicine 471
Colleen McCann Noha Abou- Madi
30. Husbandry and Care of Elephants 298 48. Veterinary Diagnostics 487
Chuck Doyle and Daryl Hoff man Cynthia E. Stringfi eld
31. Husbandry and Care of Marine Mammals 305 49. Medications and Dose Calculations 496
Gerard H. Meijer Mary O’Horo Loomis and Tony Beane
32. Husbandry and Care of Birds 316 50. Chemical Restraint 503
Ted Fox and Adrienne Whiteley Mark D. Irwin
33. Husbandry and Care of Reptiles 324
Aaron M. Cobaugh Part Eight
Education, Outreach, and Public Interaction
34. Husbandry and Care of Amphibians 335
Andrew M. Lentini 51. Educating Entertainingly: Basic Interpretation 513
D. Andrew Saunders
35. Aquarium Science: Husbandry and Care of Fishes and
Aquatic Invertebrates 347 52. Public Relations in Zoos and Aquariums 523
Bruce Koike Jason A. Jacobs
36. Husbandry and Care of Terrestrial Invertebrates 362
Tom Mason and Aaron M. Cobaugh Part Nine
Conservation Science
Part Six 53. Conservation Biology 533
Animal Behavior, Enrichment, and Training Gerald Dick and Markus Gusset
37. Introduction to Animal Behavior 377 54. Research in Zoos 544
Michael Noonan Rebecca E. Spindler and Joanna Wiszniewski
38. Applied Animal Behavior 381 55. Cooperative Science Programs 555
B. Diane Chepko- Sade Candice Dorsey, Debborah E. Luke, and Paul Boyle
39. Animal Behavioral Concerns 387 56. Going “Green” in the Workplace 563
Joseph C. E. Barber Beth Posta and Michelle E. S. Parker
40. Enrichment 396 57. Wildlife Rehabilitation 573
David J. Shepherdson Erica Miller and Sandra Woltman
contents vii
Part Ten 64. Government and Legislation in Europe 607
Government and Legislation Lesley A. Dickie and Miranda F. Stevenson
58. Introduction to Regulation of Zoos and 65. Government and Legislation in New Zealand 613
Aquariums 587 Tineke Joustra
John B. Stoner, Mark D. Irwin, and Aaron M. Cobaugh
66. Government and Legislation in the United States 615
59. CITES and IATA 588 Steve Olson
Andrea Drost
60. Government and Legislation in Africa 589 Acknowledgments 621
Dave Morgan
Appendix 1: Further Readings 623
61. Government and Legislation in Asia 591
Appendix 2: Recommended Web Links 629
Sally R. Walker
Appendix 3: Professional Colleges and Universities in the
62. Government and Legislation in Australia 596
United States 635
Sara F. K. Brice
Glossary 637
63. Government and Legislation in Canada 601
Andrea Drost and William A. Rapley List of Contributors 651
Index 655

Preface
Th e profession of zoo or aquarium keeper is unique, and Th e idea for this book started to develop many years ago,
everyone in society is familiar with the term “zookeeper.” Th e when I was a newly hired animal care seasonal employee at
profession is regularly featured (sometimes inaccurately) in Toronto Zoo. My supervisor gave me a copy of the Metro
movies, on television, and in books, but how does one become Toronto Zoo Manual of Zoo Keeping (which was already
a zookeeper? It varies with the zoo and the region. Keepers 25 years old), and I was captivated. On several occasions I
need to have a working, practical knowledge of animal care, visited John Stoner, then animal care manager, in his offi ce
welfare, and husbandry; an appreciation of the issues facing and discussed the zoo fi eld and keeper training manuals. It
endangered species and the environment; an understanding would be many years later that we fi nally began work on this
of biological principles; the ability to interact with the public; book. In 2008 my employer, the State University of New York’s
and a broad perspective of the captive wild animal commu- (SUNY) Jeff erson Community College (JCC) granted me a
nity. Increasingly, zookeepers need to network professionally four-m onth sabbatical to begin development of a textbook
and synchronize their eff orts globally. Indeed, as wild popu- that could be used for training student keepers. We wanted to
lations of endangered species dwindle and become restricted develop a practical book that would provide a foundational
to smaller areas, the role of zoos and aquariums and their orientation for potential and new zoo professionals, as well
keepers will become more important. Zoos and aquariums as a bridge between a general science background and a more
exist to connect animals with the public; and, as direct ambas- advanced zoo- and aquarium-f ocused book such as Kleiman’s
sadors for the zoo or aquarium’s animals, keepers are oft en Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo
viewed by the public as the facility’s most credible source of Management (also known as WMIC). It didn’t take long for
animal information. Th ey are oft en an underused resource. us to realize that the book would need to be a larger team
When used fully, a professional, well- rounded, and properly eff ort. John and I brainstormed possible formats and topics.
trained keeper will be one of a facility’s greatest assets. As the project grew, we enlisted Aaron Cobaugh from SUNY
Th ere is surprisingly little consistency in how keepers are Niagara County Community College as a third volume editor
trained and credentialed, and few foundational textbooks to compliment our knowledge base, and solicited input from
have been targeted to entry-l evel keeper training. Compare numerous other colleagues.
this to other professions, such as electrician or nurse, and We decided to develop a contributed work, along the lines
the diff erence is stark. Training is essential to the realiza- of WMIC and the Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine
tion of a keeper’s potential and, when done eff ectively, it will series. While this approach added tremendous complexity to
contribute to improved animal welfare, strengthened public the project, we felt that it would result in the most eff ective
communications and relations, effi cient use of resources, result. We solicited a diverse group of expert contributing
fewer accidents in the workplace, and greater success in con- authors from diff erent backgrounds, regions of the world,
servation activities. Th is textbook will be of value to colleges professional organizations, and so on. Authors were asked to
and experienced zoo and aquarium personnel who need a provide readers with an orientation to their topic, focusing
broad keeper-t raining resource, and it is targeted to future to what information a new keeper should know or have im-
and new keepers who seek an orientation to the career. It will mediately accessible when starting general keeper work in an
also be a reference for other zoo or aquarium staff who desire accredited zoo (although we want this book to be of value
an understanding of keeper work, and to zoo and aquar- to all keepers, not just those at accredited facilities). We also
ium visitors seeking detailed insight into the profession of solicited artistic support through the American Association
keeper. of Zoo Keepers. Th ere is a lot of talent within this fi eld. With
ix