Young Children's Cognitive Development Interrelationships Among Executive Functioning, Working Memory, Verbal Ability, and Theory of Mind From left to right: Philip Zelazo, Klaus Oberauer, Helen Tager-Flusberg, Claire Hughes, Claudia Mahler, Susan Gathercole, Claudia Roebers, David Bjorklund, Marcus Hasselhorn, Winfried Kain, Josef Perner, Lou Moses, Selin Õndül, Ulrike Metz, Sylvia Bach, Beate Sodian, John Towse, Barbara Schöppner, Wolfgang Schneider, Christof Zoelch, Nora Gaupp, Mölsle Thomas, Dietmar Grube, Daniela Kloo, Nelson Cowan. Not in the picture: Susanne Koerber, Kathrin Lockl. Young Children's Cognitive Development Interrelationships Among Executive Functioning, Working Memory, Verbal Ability, and Theory of Mind Edited by Wolfgang Schneider University of Würzburg Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler Catholic University of Eichsättt-Ingolstadt Beate Sodian University of Müinchen LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 2005 Mahwah, New Jersey London Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Young children's cognitive development : interrelationships among executive functioning, working memory, verbal ability, and theory of mind / edited by Wolfgang Schneider, Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler, Beate Sodian. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-4906-8 (alk. paper) 1. Cognition in children—Congresses. I. Schneider, Wolfgang, 1950 June 19- II. Schumann-Hengsteler, Ruth, 1957- III. Sodian, Beate, 1956- BF723.C5Y67 2004 155.4'13—dc22 2004047104 Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability. Printed in the United States of America 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors vii 1 Introduction and Overview 1 Wolfgang Schneider, Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler, and Beate Sodian 2 Working Memory and Its Relevance for Cognitive Development 9 John Towse and Nelson Cowan 3 From Rag(Bag)s to Riches: Measuring the Developing 39 Central Executive Christof Zoelch, Katja Seitz, and Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler 4 Hot and Cool Aspects of Executive Function: Relations 71 in Early Development Philip D. Zelazo, Li Qu, and Ulrich Müller 5 Theory of Mind—The Case for Conceptual Development 95 Beate Sodian 6 On the Specificity of the Relation Between Executive Function 131 and Children's Theories of Mind Louis J. Moses, Stephanie M. Carlson, and Mark A. Sabbagh 7 The Evolution of Theory of Mind: Big Brains, Social 147 Complexity, and Inhibition David F. Bjorklund, Christopher A. Cormier, and Justin S. Rosenberg 8 The Developmental Relation of Theory of Mind and Executive 175 Functions: A Study of Advanced Theory of Mind Abilities in Children with ADHD Beate Sodian and Christian Hülsken 9 What fMRI Can Tell Us About the ToM-EF Connection: 189 False Beliefs, Working Memory, and Inhibition Winfried Kain and Josef Perner v vi CONTENTS 10 Theory of Mind, Working Memory, and Verbal Ability 219 in Preschool Children: The Proposal of a Relay Race Model of the Developmental Dependencies Marcus Hasselhorn, Claudia Mahler, and Dietmar Grube 11 Theory of Mind, Language, and Executive Functions 239 in Autism: A Longitudinal Perspective Helen Tager-Flusberg and Robert M. Joseph 12 Interrelationships Among Theory of Mind, Executive Control, 259 Language Development, and Working Memory in Young Children: A Longitudinal Analysis Wolfgang Schneider, Kathrin Lockl, and Olivia Fernandez 13 Executive Functions, Working Memory, Verbal Ability, 285 and Theory of Mind—Does It All Come Together? Klaus Oberauer Author Index 301 Subject Index 315 Contributors David F. Bjorklund, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Stephanie M. Carlson, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA Christopher A. Cormier, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Nelson Cowan, Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Olivia Fernandez, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany Dietmar Grube, Department of Psychology, Georg-August-Universitat Göttingen, Gofilerstr. 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Marcus Hasselhorn, Department of Psychology, Georg-August-Universitat Göttingen, Goßlerstr. 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Christian Hiilsken, Department of Psychology, University of München, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 München, Germany Robert M. Joseph, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street L-814, Boston MA 02118-2526, USA Winfried Kain, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Kathrin Lockl, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Rontgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany Claudia Mahler, Department of Psychology, Georg-August-Universitat Göttingen, Goßilerstr. 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Louis J. Moses, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA Ulrich Müller, Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada vii Vlli CONTRIBUTORS Klaus Oberauer, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl- Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany Josef Perner, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Li Qu, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada Justin S. Rosenberg, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Mark A. Sabbagh, Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3C3 Canada Wolfgang Schneider, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Wiirzburg, Germany Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraßie 26, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany Katja Seitz, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt- Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 26, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany Beate Sodian, Department of Psychology, University of München, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 München, Germany Helen Tager-Flusberg, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street L-814, Boston MA 02118-2526, USA John Towse, Department of Psychology, Fylde College, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LAI 4YF, UK Philip D. Zelazo, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada Christ of Zoelch, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt- Ingolstadt, Ostenstraßie 26, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany
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