XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces PDF
Preview XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces
Yasuhiro Iwasawa · Kiyotaka Asakura Mizuki Tada Editors XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces Yasuhiro Iwasawa (cid:129) Kiyotaka Asakura Mizuki Tada Editors XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces Editors YasuhiroIwasawa KiyotakaAsakura TheUniversityofElectro-Communications InstituteforCatalysis InnovationResearchCenterforFuelCells HokkaidoUniversity GraduateSchoolofInformaticsandEngineering Sapporo,Japan Tokyo,Japan Emeritus TheUniversityofTokyo Tokyo,Japan MizukiTada ResearchCenterforMaterialsScience NagoyaUniversity Nagoya,Japan ISBN978-3-319-43864-1 ISBN978-3-319-43866-5 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-43866-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016952795 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface This book contains 37 subjects and topics in 5 chapters based on recent develop- ments in the XAFS approach to science and technology, describing the theories, calculationmethods,computerprograms,advancedmethodologiesandtechniques, experiments, and applications to catalysts, nanoparticles, and surfaces. The book details advanced XAFS techniques and their applications, which enable high- quality research in various areas such as physics, chemistry, materials science, bioscience, engineering, energy science, environmental science, geoscience, met- allurgy,andmineralogy.Fundamentalcharacterizationofcatalysts,nanomaterials, andsurfacesisanessentialandimportantareaofacademicandindustrialmaterial developmentandimportanttoaddressingmanyoftoday’sbigglobalchallenges. The XAFS science and technology has significantly progressed in the past 50 years in association with developments of synchrotron radiation sources and stor- age rings with lower beam emittance and higher brilliance. In this book we concentrateonthedistinctprogress,advantage,andmeritoftheXAFStechniques inconductingfundamentalandpracticalstudiesonavarietyofadvancedcatalysts, nanomaterials, and surfaces with definite purposes and goals. We also describe recentimportantissuesasexamplesandfutureprospects,whilealsoprovidingthe basic theory, principle, and analysis of XAFS and a systematic presentation of relevantdata. Powerful, unique, and versatile, XAFS techniques have provided in situ approaches under working/operando conditions for more realistic molecular-level understanding of catalysis mechanisms and dynamic functions of nanomaterials and surfaces. Recently, XAFS has developed by significant progress in real-time and spatially imaging XAFS measurements. These techniques have provided new pieces of information on real-time structural kinetics and dynamics by real-time characterization and on two- and three-dimensional mapping and visualization of catalyst layers, even a single nanoparticle, sensors, fuel cell electrode catalysts, batteries, biological assemblies, and so on. XAFS analysis methodology has also made progress in applications to more precise characterization of important v vi Preface catalysts, nanomaterials, and surfaces, which cannot be obtained from other anal- ysistechniques. Thisbookiswrittenfornotonlystudentsandacademicresearchers,butalsofor people involved in industrial research, in an effort to create synergy between academia,researchinstitutions,andindustry.Thisbookisacomprehensive,theo- retical, practical, and thorough guide to current XAFS spectroscopy and modern applications involving social needs research. Assuming only undergraduate-level physics, mathematics, and chemistry, the book is ideally suited for graduate stu- dents, young scientists, and senior scientists in any disciplines including XAFS- basedresearch.Thebookalsoprovidesguidancetoseniorundergraduatestudents fortheirfutureresearchdirectionsandinterests. We were happy to have excellent contributions of many world-class scientists from the USA, the UK, Germany, France, Japan, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzer- land,Norway,Brazil,andRussia,reflectingtherealinternationaldimensionofthe book and broad interests and significance of XAFS-based researches. We are pleased to sincerely thank all of them. We thank all Springer staff for continuous encouragement, useful suggestions, and careful production throughout the XAFS book project. We believe that this book can contribute toward present and future fundamentalandpractical researchoftherelatedfieldsandwillsatisfy thewidest rangeofresearchersandstudentsworkinginthedomainorrelatedtopics. Tokyo,Japan YasuhiroIwasawa Sapporo,Japan KiyotakaAsakura Nagoya,Japan MizukiTada Contents PartI HistoryandProgressofX-rayAbsorptionFine Structure(XAFS) 1 HistoryandProgressofX-RayAbsorption FineStructure(XAFS). .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . 3 YasuhiroIwasawa PartII TheoryandAnalysisofXAFS 2 TheoryandAnalysisofXAFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 JohnJ.Rehr,JoshuaJ.Kas,FernandoD.Vila, andMatthewNewville PartIII SourcesandMeasurementMethodsforXAFS 3 Synchrotron-RadiationSources,X-rayOptics andBeamlines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 TomoyaUruga 4 XFEL. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 63 MakinaYabashiandTetsuoKatayama 5 MeasurementsandDetectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 MasaharuNomura 6 CellDesignsforInSituandOperandoStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 DmitryE.Doronkin,HenningLichtenberg, andJan-DierkGrunwaldt PartIV AdvancedXAFSTechniques 7 QuickXAFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 TomoyaUruga vii viii Contents 8 EnergyDispersiveXAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 SakuraPascarelliandOlivierMathon 9 PumpProbeXAFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 ToshihikoYokoyamaandYoheiUemura 10 SpatiallyResolvedXAFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 MizukiTadaandNozomuIshiguro 11 ComputedLaminographyXAFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 MizukiTadaandHirosukeMatsui 12 X-RayAbsorptionwithTransmission X-RayMicroscopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 FrankdeGroot 13 OperandoEXAFSandXANESofCatalyticSolids andRelatedMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 GarethT.Whiting,FlorianMeirer,andBertM.Weckhuysen 14 XAFSforUltraDiluteSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 KiyotakaAsakura 15 ReflectionXAFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Francescod’Acapito 16 High-EnergyResolutionXAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 FrankdeGroot 17 NonresonantInelasticX-rayScattering andX-rayRamanScattering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 TimothyT.Fister 18 MolecularDynamicsSimulationsandXAFS(MD-XAFS). . . . . . 251 GregoryK.SchenterandJohnL.Fulton PartV XAFSApplications 19 MetalNanocatalysts. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 273 YuanyuanLiandAnatolyI.Frenkel 20 XASTechniquestoDetermineCatalytically ActiveSitesinZeolites:TheCaseofCu-Zeolites. . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 JeroenA.vanBokhovenandCarloLamberti 21 DesignedSurfacesforActiveCatalysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 SatoshiMuratsugu,MizukiTada,andYasuhiroIwasawa 22 FuelCellsbyAdvancedXAFSTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 MizukiTadaandYasuhiroIwasawa Contents ix 23 SecondaryBatteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 ToshiakiOhta 24 Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 HiroshiKondoh 25 Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 HudsonW.P.Carvalho,DavidDegler, NicolaeBarsan,andJan-DierkGrunwaldt 26 ProbingStructureandReactivityofMetalCenters inMetal–OrganicFrameworksbyXASTechniques. . . . . . . . . . 397 ElisaBorfecchia,LucaBraglia,FrancescaBonino, SilviaBordiga,SigurdØien,UnniOlsbye,KarlPetterLillerud, JeroenA.vanBokhoven,KirillA.Lomachenko,AlexanderA.Guda, MikhailA.Soldatov,andCarloLamberti 27 HomogeneousCatalysis:FromMetalAtoms toSmallClusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 JohnC.Linehan,MahalingamBalasubramanian, andJohnL.Fulton 28 EnzymesandModels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 JunkoYanoandVittalYachandra 29 GreenCatalysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 AdamF.Lee 30 EnvironmentalCatalysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 KazuhikoDohmae 31 Solid–LiquidInterfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 TakuyaMasuda,ToshihiroKondo,andKoheiUosaki 32 Three-DimensionalStructuresonOxide Single-CrystalSurfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 KiyotakaAsakura Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Part I History and Progress of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS)
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