Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum

816 Pages·2010·30.51 MB·English

by  Laurence M. Behrens

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Why Do You Need This New Edition?
If you re wondering why you should buy this eleventh
edition of Writing and Reading Across the
Curriculum, here are 7 good reasons!
* Over 40 brand new readingsspan the disciplines and help stimulate your
writing by offering new, engaging perspectives on all themes found in Part
II: An Anthology of Readings.
+ A new Chapter 7, The Changing Landscape of Work in the
Twenty- rst Century challenges you to rethink the dynamic role of
work in contemporary society and examines how the workplace of to-
day is distinctly different from that of our parents and grandparents
generations. Drawing on such disciplines as economics, management
consulting, sociology, labor statistics, history, and education, the chapter
provides a wide variety of perspectives to stimulate your thinking and
writing.
, Green Power moves to the forefront in an all-new Chapter 8.
Cutting-edge coverage offers numerous opportunities to think and write
about the hot topics of climate crisis and renewable energy. Scienti c re-
search, reportage, and individual analyses presented by scientists, environ-
mentalists, businesspeople, members of government, and journalists at the
heart of the debate will help you develop your own position on global
warming and energy independence.
- An updated Chapter 11, New and Improved: Six Decades of Advertising,
features a new section on TV commercials, in addition to 28 full-page print
ads from popular American magazines of the mid-1940s through today.
This wealth of carefully selected advertisements and commercials will
prompt you to analyze and comment upon our changing cultural and
consumerist values.
. An enhanced Chapter 13, Obedience to Authority, revisits Stanley
Milgrams groundbreaking obedience experiment with a contemporary
replication of this famous study. These experiments, along with Solomon
Aschs and Philip Zimbardos work on groupthink provide an in-depth look
at the social forces that in uence individual behavior. New readings each
providing a distinctive scienti c or literary perspective illustrate both
thedanger and the powerful appeal of blind obedience to authority.
/ Chapter 1, Summary, presents a new article by economist Alan
Blinder Will Your Job Be Exported? as the basis for a fresh example
summary.A revised section on Summarizing Figures and Tablesfeatures
new material on energy production and consumption. Strategies for
careful reading prepare you to highlight key information and make notes to-
wards summarizing college-level materials.
0 Chapter 5, Argument Synthesis, features a new model synthesis
focusing on the debate over student privacy rights and campus safety
in the wake of the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting. Employing articles, editori-
als, investigative reports, and the law as sources, the argument synthesis
demonstrates how to fully support a well-developed position on a
complex topic.
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Writing and Reading
Across the Curriculum
ELEVENTH EDITION
Laurence Behrens
University of California Santa Barbara
Leonard J. Rosen
Bentley University
Longman
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Behrens, Laurence.
Writing and reading across the curriculum / Laurence Behrens, Leonard J. Rosen. 11th ed.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-205-72765-4
1. College readers. 2. Interdisciplinary approach in education Problems, exercises, etc.
3. English language Rhetoric Problems, exercises, etc. 4. Academic writing Problems,
exercises, etc. I. Rosen, Leonard J. II. Title.
PE1417.B396 2010
808'.0427 dc22
2009022629
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EDW 13 12 11 10
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-72765-0
ISBN-10: 0-205-72765-4
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T
o : K e i k o a n d C h a r l o t t e
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D
e t a i l e d C o n t e n t s
Preface for Instructors xxii
A Note to the Student xxx
Part I
How to Write Summaries, Critiques,
Syntheses, and Analyses 1
Chapter 1 Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation 3
What Is a Summary? 3
Can a Summary Be Objective? 3
Using the Summary 4
BOX:Where Do We Find Written Summaries? 4
The Reading Process 5
BOX:Critical Reading for Summary 6
How to Write Summaries 7
BOX:Guidelines for Writing Summaries 7
Demonstration: Summary 8
WILLYOURJOBBEEXPORTED? Alan S.Blinder 8
Read,Reread,Highlight 13
Divide into Stages of Thought 14
Write a Brief Summary of Each Stage of Thought 15
Write a Thesis: A Brief Summary of the Entire Passage 16
Write the First Draft of the Summary 19
Summary 1: Combine Thesis Sentence with Brief Section
Summaries 19
The Strategy of the Shorter Summary 20
Summary 2: Combine Thesis Sentence, Section Summaries, and Carefully
Chosen Details 20
The Strategy of the Longer Summary 22
How Long Should a Summary Be? 22
EXERCISE 1.1:Individual and Collaborative Summary Practice 23
vi
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Detailed Contents vii
Summarizing Figures and Tables 23
Bar Graphs 25
Pie Charts 27
EXERCISE 1.2:Summarizing Graphs 27
EXERCISE 1.3:Summarizing Pie Charts 28
Line Graphs 28
EXERCISE 1.4:Summarizing Line Graphs 29
Tables 29
EXERCISE 1.5:Summarizing Tables 33
Paraphrase 33
BOX:How to Write Paraphrases 35
EXERCISE 1.6:Paraphrasing 36
Quotations 36
Choosing Quotations 37
Quoting Memorable Language 37
BOX:When to Quote 38
Quoting Clear and Concise Language 38
Quoting Authoritative Language 39
Incorporating Quotations into Your Sentences 40
Quoting Only the Part of a Sentence or Paragraph That You Need 40
Incorporating the Quotation into the Flow of Your Own Sentence 40
Avoiding Freestanding Quotations 41
EXERCISE 1.7:Incorporating Quotations 41
Using Ellipses 41
Using Brackets to Add or Substitute Words 42
BOX:When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote 43
BOX:Incorporating Quotations into Your Sentences 44
EXERCISE 1.8:Using Brackets 45
Avoiding Plagiarism 45
BOX:Rules for Avoiding Plagiarism 47
Chapter 2 Critical Reading and Critique 48
Critical Reading 48
Question 1: To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her
Purpose? 48
Writing to Inform 49
BOX:Where Do We Find Written Critiques? 49
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viii Detailed Contents
Evaluating Informative Writing 50
Writing to Persuade 50
EXERCISE 2.1:Informative and Persuasive Thesis Statements 51
Evaluating Persuasive Writing 52
WEARENOTCREATEDEQUALINEVERYWAY Joan Ryan 52
EXERCISE 2.2:Critical Reading Practice 53
Persuasive Strategies 54
Logical Argumentation: Avoiding Logical Fallacies 55
BOX:Tone 56
EXERCISE 2.3:Understanding Logical Fallacies 59
Writing to Entertain 59
Question 2: To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author? 60
Identify Points of Agreement and Disagreement 60
EXERCISE 2.4:Exploring Your Viewpoints in Three Paragraphs 60
Explore the Reasons for Agreement and Disagreement:
Evaluate Assumptions 61
Critique 62
BOX:Guidelines for Writing Critiques 63
How to Write Critiques 64
Demonstration: Critique 64
To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose? 64
To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author?
Evaluate Assumptions 65
MODELCRITIQUE: A CRITIQUEOF WEARENOTCREATEDEQUALINEVERY
WAY BYJOANRYAN Eric Ralston 66
EXERCISE 2.5:Informal Critique of the Model Critique 70
BOX:Critical Reading for Critique 70
The Strategy of the Critique 71
Chapter 3 Introductions,Theses,and Conclusions 72
Writing Introductions 72
Quotation 73
Historical Review 73
Review of a Controversy 74
From the General to the Speci c 75
Anecdote and Illustration: From the Speci c to the General 75
Question 76
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Detailed Contents ix
Statement of Thesis 77
EXERCISE 3.1:Drafting Introductions 78
Writing a Thesis 78
The Components of a Thesis 79
Making an Assertion 79
Starting with a Working Thesis 80
Using the Thesis to Plan a Structure 81
BOX:How Ambitious Should Your Thesis Be? 82
EXERCISE 3.2:Drafting Thesis Statements 83
Conclusions 83
Statement of the Subjects Signi cance 84
Call for Further Research 85
Solution/Recommendation 86
Anecdote 87
Quotation 87
Question 88
Speculation 89
EXERCISE 3.3:Drafting Conclusions 90
Chapter 4 Explanatory Synthesis 91
What Is a Synthesis? 91
Purpose 92
BOX:Where Do We Find Written Syntheses? 92
Using Your Sources 93
Types of Syntheses: Explanatory and Argument 93
Explanation: News Article from the New York Times 94
PRIVATEGETS3 YEARSFORIRAQPRISONABUSE David S.Cloud 94
Argument: Editorial from the Boston Globe 95
MILITARYABUSE 95
How to Write Syntheses 97
BOX:Guidelines for Writing Syntheses 97
The Explanatory Synthesis 99
Demonstration: Explanatory Synthesis The Car of the Future? 99
EXERCISE 4.1:Exploring the Topic 99
THEFUELSUBSIDYWENEED Ricardo Bayon 100
PUTTINGTHEHINDENBURGTOREST Jim Motavalli 101
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x Detailed Contents
USINGFOSSILFUELSINENERGYPROCESSGETSUS
NOWHERE Jeremy Rifkin 103
LOTSOFHOTAIRABOUTHYDROGEN Joseph J.Romm 105
Consider Your Purpose 107
EXERCISE 4.2:Critical Reading for Synthesis 108
Formulate a Thesis 108
Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material 109
Develop an Organizational Plan 110
Summary Statements 110
Write the Topic Sentences 112
BOX:Organize a Synthesis by Idea, Not by Source 113
Write Your Synthesis 113
Model Explanatory Synthesis (First Draft) 114
THEHYDROGENFUEL-CELLCAR Janice Hunte 114
Revise Your Synthesis: Global,Local,and Surface Revisions 121
Revising the First Draft: Highlights 122
Global 122
Local 122
Surface 122
EXERCISE 4.3:Revising the Explanatory Synthesis 122
Model Explanatory Synthesis (Final Draft) 123
THECAROFTHEFUTURE? Janice Hunte 123
BOX:Critical Reading for Synthesis 131
Chapter 5 Argument Synthesis 132
What Is an Argument Synthesis? 132
The Elements of Argument: Claim,Support,and Assumption 133
EXERCISE 5.1:Practicing Claim, Support, and Assumption 134
The Three Appeals of Argument: Logos,Ethos,Pathos 134
Logos 134
EXERCISE 5.2:Using Deductive and Inductive Logic 136
Ethos 137
EXERCISE 5.3:Using Ethos 137
Pathos 138
EXERCISE 5.4:Using Pathos 139
The Limits of Argument 139