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US_002-003_Title.indd 2 27/05/19 2:13 PM S M I T H S O N I A N WO R LD WAR I I M A P B Y M A P FOREWORD BY PETER SNOW US_002-003_Title.indd 3 27/05/19 2:13 PM 10 34 THE SLIDE TO WAR 1918–1939 GERMANY TRIUMPHANT 1939–1941 12 The seeds of war 24 The Spanish Civil War 36 War in Europe 56 Power struggles in Africa 14 The legacy of World War I 26 The Sino-Japanese War 38 Poland destroyed 58 The Battle of Britain 16 The League of Nations 28 Germany and Italy expand 40 The phony war 60 The Blitz 18 Europe of the dictators 30 Kristallnacht 42 Battle of the River Plate 62 Britain at bay 20 Hitler and Nazi Germany 32 Countdown in Europe 44 The Winter War in Finland 64 The U-boat war begins 22 China in turmoil 46 The battle for Norway 66 Sinking of the Bismarck 48 The German offensive 68 The end of US neutrality in the west 70 Lend-Lease 50 Blitzkrieg 72 The Mediterranean 52 Evacuating Dunkirk and Middle East 54 The fall of France 74 Italy’s campaigns in Africa CONTENTS DK LONDON Senior Editor Hugo Wilkinson Lead Senior Art Editor Duncan Turner Project Editors Shashwati Tia Sarkar, Senior Art Editor Sharon Spencer Miezan van Zyl Project Art Editor Steve Woosnam-Savage Editor Polly Boyd Cartographer Ed Merritt US Editors Megan Douglass, Lori Hand Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT Editorial Assistant Michael Clark Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa Project Assistant Briony Corbett Jacket Editor Emma Dawson Managing Editor Angeles Gavira Guerrero Producer (Pre-production) Rob Dunn Associate Publisher Liz Wheeler Senior Producer Meskerem Berhane Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf Managing Art Editor Michael Duffy Art Director Karen Self Design Director Phil Ormerod US_004-007_Imprint_Contents.indd 4 16/04/19 11:20 AM 102 THE WIDENING WAR 1942 76 Rommel enters the 94 The Siege of Leningrad 104 America and Japan go to war 132 The new order in Europe desert war 96 German advance 106 Japanese ambitions 134 The Holocaust 78 The Greco-Italian War on Moscow 108 Japan goes to war 136 The Warsaw ghetto 80 Germany pushes south 98 Massacres in the east 110 Pearl Harbor 138 Raids and subversions 82 The Middle East 100 The relief of Moscow and eastern Mediterranean 112 Japanese advances 140 Arctic convoys 84 War in the Mediterranean 114 America at war 142 Rommel’s final advance 86 The Siege of Malta 116 Japan invades the Philippines 144 Second Battle of El Alamein 88 Germany’s war with 118 Surrender at Singapore 146 Operation Torch the USSR 120 Japan takes Burma 148 German advance 90 Operation Barbarossa to Stalingrad 122 India in World War II 92 Germany and USSR 150 Stalingrad under siege at home 124 Japanese setbacks 152 Soviet victory at Stalingrad 126 The Battle of Midway 154 Prisoners of war 128 Guadalcanal 130 War in Europe and Africa DK INDIA COBALT ID Senior Editor Rupa Rao Lead Senior Art Editor Vaibhav Rastogi Designer Darren Bland Assistant Editors Aashirwad Jain, Senior Art Editor Mahua Mandal Art Director Paul Reid Sonali Jindal Project Art Editors Sanjay Chauhan, Editorial Director Marek Walisiewicz Picture Researchers Akash Jain, Anjali Sachar Surya Sankash Sarangi Art Editors Rabia Ahmad, Mridushmita Bose, Picture Research Manager Debjyoti Mukherjee, Sonali Rawat Sharma CONTRIBUTORS Taiyaba Khatoon Managing Art Editor Sudakshina Basu FOREWORD Jackets Editorial Coordinator Senior Jackets Designer Suhita Dharamjit Peter Snow CBE Priyanka Sharma Senior DTP Designers Harish Aggarwal, CONSULTANT Managing Editor Rohan Sinha Vishal Bhatia, Jagtar Singh Richard Overy, Professor of History, Managing Jackets Editor Saloni Singh Production Manager Pankaj Sharma Exeter University Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh WRITERS Cartographers Ashutosh Ranjan Bharti, Simon Adams, Tony Allan, Kay Celtel, Swati Handoo, Animesh Kumar Pathak R.G. Grant, Jeremy Harwood, Philip Parker, Cartography Manager Suresh Kumar Christopher Westhorp US_004-007_Imprint_Contents.indd 5 22/03/19 4:06 PM 156 TURNING THE TIDE 1943–1944 158 German defiance 178 The Battle of Kursk 198 Operation Market 218 The fightback in Burma Garden 160 Victory in the desert 180 The Soviets sweep 220 China and Japan at war forward 200 Battles at Germany’s gate 162 Summit conferences 222 Japanese rule in east Asia 182 Operation Bagration 202 Greece and Yugoslavia 164 Sicily and Italy invaded 184 The Warsaw uprising 204 War against Japan 166 From Anzio to the Gothic Line 186 The D-Day landings 206 Operation Cartwheel 168 Defeat of the U-boats 188 Omaha Beach 208 US amphibious warfare 170 Code-breaking 190 The Battle of Normandy 210 Island-hopping in the Pacific 172 Bombing by day and night 192 V-weapons 212 Battle for the Marianas 174 Speer and the war industry 194 The breakout 214 The Battle of Leyte Gulf 176 Resistance in Europe 196 The plot to kill Hitler 216 Kamikaze tactics First American Edition, 2019 Published in the United States by DK Publishing, 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 Copyright © 2019 Dorling Kindersley Limited DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 19 20 21 22 23 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001-311581-Sep/2019 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, CURATOR stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Dr. F. Robert van der Linden, Chairman, Aeronautics Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. Department, National Air and Space Museum DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, SMITHSONIAN ENTERPRISES New York, NY 10018 [email protected] Product Development ManagerKealy Gordon A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Editorial Director Ellen Nanney ISBN: 978-1-4654-8179-5 Vice President, Consumer Brigid Ferraro Printed and bound in Malaysia and Education Products A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW Senior Vice President, Consumer Carol LeBlanc www.dk.com and Education Products US_004-007_Imprint_Contents.indd 6 22/03/19 4:06 PM 224 ENDGAME AND AFTERMATH 1944–1955 226 Allied victory in Europe 252 The bombing 276 Glossary of Japan 228 Battle of the Bulge 278 Index 254 The Battle of Okinawa 230 Yalta and Potsdam 286 Acknowledgments 256 Manhattan Project 232 Crossing the Rhine 258 Hiroshima and Nagasaki 234 Germany loses the air war 260 Peace in the Pacific 236 The bombing of Dresden 262 The aftermath of war 238 The final Soviet attack 264 The Iron Curtain 240 Final struggles in Italy 266 The Chinese Civil War 242 The fall of Berlin 268 Decolonization 244 VE Day of Asia 246 Defeat of Japan 270 The creation of Israel 248 Retaking the Philippines 272 The price of war 250 Iwo Jima 274 Remembrance SMITHSONIAN Established in 1846, the Smithsonian—the world’s largest museum and research complex—includes 19 museums and galleries and the National Zoological Park. The total number of artifacts, works of art, and specimens in the Smithsonian’s collections is estimated at 154 million, the bulk of which is contained in the National Museum of Natural History, which holds more than 126 million specimens and objects. The Smithsonian is a renowned research center, dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and natural history. US_004-007_Imprint_Contents.indd 7 22/03/19 4:06 PM FORE WORD This is the most compelling work of military geography I’ve ever No earlier conflict has demanded such comprehensive mapping. No seen. It’s a testament to the titanic scale of the conflict of 1939–1945, other conflict has been as challenging to the cartographer. Each of which dwarfs all others in world history. The ferocity of World War the pivotal moments of the war is marked by more movement and II— the level of its violence and the cost in human life—almost the exercise of more industrial might than in any previous war. It defies description: up to 80 million deaths; some 20 million on the is maps such as these that can help us to envisage the scope, the battlefield; and around three times more than that among civilians size, and the sheer pace of Hitler’s blitzkrieg, which crushed the Low caught up in the firestorm of bombing and all-embracing warfare Countries and France in the spring of 1940. Other instances of mass on land, sea, and air. What these maps explain in intricate detail mobility are illuminated for us—the see-sawing of the rival armies is the mobility and speed with which mechanized armies could in North Africa in 1940–1943, the great leap across the Mediterranean sweep across vast areas, and with which warships and aircraft by Montgomery’s and Patton’s armies from North Africa to Sicily could inflict destruction at ranges never before dreamed of. and Italy, the lightning Nazi assault on Stalin’s Soviet Union, and US_008-009_Foreword.indd 8 19/03/19 7:27 PM ▽ Contemporary map of action in Normandy This German situation map shows Axis and Allied troop movements in 1944. Following the Allied counterinvasion of France on D-Day, the two sides battled fiercely for control of territory in northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands in what was to be one of the pivotal episodes of the war in Europe (see pp.190–191). the astonishing turnaround after Stalingrad in 1942–1943. Perhaps Pacific empire is an essential guide to the understanding of the massive most dramatically of all, we can see the greatest seaborne invasion task that confronted the US forces. This comprehensive picture of of all time on D-Day in June 1944. World War II is enhanced by further maps and features that illustrate This book also reminds us that the war enveloped Asia. It describes the state of the world before and after the fighting, and the wider social, the great naval battles of the Pacific that followed Japan’s attack on Pearl political, and economic aspects of the conflict. We also get a glimpse of Harbor on December 7, 1941. This was, in President Roosevelt’s words, the kind of mapping that was available to military commanders at the the “date which will live in infamy,” propelling the US into the war. time. I’ve long been fascinated by the way good maps have helped me More than anything, it was the commitment of America’s industrial and other commentators explain the ups and downs of warfare. This might on the side of the Allies that spelled the end for Germany, Italy, book is right at the forefront of that great enterprise. and Japan. The set of maps describing the desperately hard-fought and costly series of battles that finally consumed Japan’s short-lived PETER SNOW, 2019 US_008-009_Foreword.indd 9 19/03/19 7:27 PM US_010-011_Chapter1_Opener.indd 10 20/03/19 3:55 PM