World War II 4: primary sources

243 Pages·2000·8.846 MB·English

by  Barbara Bigelow

WWII Primary Sou Title Page 9/29/03 2:08 PM Page 1
Primary Sources
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Primary Sources
Barbara C. Bigelow
Edited by Christine Slovey
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s Barbara C. Bigelow
e
Staff
c
r Christine Slovey, U•X•L Editor
u Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor
o Tom Romig, U•X•L Publisher
S Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer
Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager
y
Evi Seoud, Assistant Production Manager
r Mary Beth Trimper, Production Director
a
m Margaret A. Chamberlain, Permissions Specialist
Eric Johnson and Martha Schiebold, Cover Art Directors
ri Pamela A.E. Galbreath, Page Art Director
P Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager
Barbara J. Yarrow, Graphic Services Supervisor
:
I Linda Mahoney, LM Design, Typesetting
I
Laura Exner, XNR Productions, Inc., Cartographer
r
a Front cover photographs reproduced by permission of Corbis and Cor-
W bis/Dean Wong.

d Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
l
r World War II: primary sources / [compiled by] Barbara C. Bigelow ;
o Christine Slovey, editor.
W p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents fifteen excerpts from primary sources related
to World War II, including speeches, diary entries, newspaper
accounts, novels, poems, and memoirs.
ISBN 0-7876-3896-X
1. World War, 1939-1945 Sources Juvenile literature. [1. World War,
1939-1945 Sources.] I. Bigelow, Barbara C. II. Slovey, Christine.
III.Title: World War 2. IV. Title: World War Two.
D743.7.W68 1999
940.53-dc21 99-36179
CIP
This publication is a creative work copyrighted by U•X•L and fully pro-
tected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade
secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The author and edi-
tors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein
through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coor-
dination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information.
All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 2000 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group
All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in
any form.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
Advisory Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Reader’s Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Words to Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
Primary Sources
Winston Churchill
Intensification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
(Reproduced by permission of
the Library of Congress)
Winston Churchill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
“Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat” . . . . . . . . . 10
“Be Ye Men of Valour” . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
“Their Finest Hour” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Winston Churchill (box) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . 21
Franklin D. Roosevelt (box) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Atlantic Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
v
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Adolf Hitler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
“Hitler’s Order of the Day to the German
Troops on the Eastern Front” . . . . . . . . . . 34
Adolf Hitler (box). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Joseph Stalin (box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Herbert A. Werner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Iron Coffins: A Personal Account of the
German U-Boat Battles of World War II . . . . . . 48
Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
A young Japanese American
“A Date Which Will Live in Infamy”. . . . . . . 62
girl awaits relocation.
Hideki Tojo (box). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
(Courtesy of the National
Archives and Records
Administration) Home Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Catherine “Renee” Young Pike . . . . . . . . . . 71
Since You Went Away: World War II
Letters from American Women
on the Home Front. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Jerry Stanley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
I Am an American: A True Story
of Japanese Internment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
The Human Cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Ruth Minsky Sender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
The Cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Ruth Minsky Sender (box) . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Harry S. Truman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Comments on the Manhattan Project
from Memoirs by Harry S. Truman
Volume 1: Year of Decisions. . . . . . . . . . . 120
Harry S. Truman (box). . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Rodney Barker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
The Hiroshima Maidens: A Story of Courage,
Compassion, and Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Ernie Pyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
“Notes from a Battered Country”. . . . . . . . 147
“The Death of Captain Waskow” . . . . . . . . 147
Ernie Pyle (box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
“I Thought It Was the End” . . . . . . . . . . 151
vi World War II: Primary Sources
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“Waiting for Tomorrow”. . . . . . . . . . . . 152
“On Victory in Europe” . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
World War II Nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
No Time for Fear: Voices of American
Military Nurses in World War II . . . . . . . . . 161
Breakthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Veterans of D-Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Voices of D-Day: The Story of the Allied
Invasion Told By Those Who Were There . . . . . 177
Stephen E. Ambrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army from
the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge
to the Surrender of Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 188
E. B. Sledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
E. B. Sledge (box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
With the Old Breed at Peleliu and Okinawa . . . . 199
Harry S. Truman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Truman’s Statement on the
German Surrender. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Truman’s Statement on the
Japanese Surrender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Douglas MacArthur (box) . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Text Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv
Contents vii
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Advisory Board
Special thanks are due to U•X•L’s World War II Reference
Library advisors for their invaluable comments and sug-
gestions:
• Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History, University of Michigan-
Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan
• Sara Brooke, Director of Libraries, The Ellis School, Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania
• Jacquelyn Divers, Librarian, Roanoke County Schools,
Roanoke, Virginia
• Elaine Ezell, Library Media Specialist, Bowling Green Junior
High School, Bowling Green, Ohio
• Melvin Small, Department of History, Wayne State Univer-
sity, Detroit, Michigan
ix
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Reader’s Guide
Between 1939 and 1945 a war was fought among all the
major powers of the world. It was a war that affected a vast
percentage of the world’s population. More people died during
World War II than had died in any previous war. From the sol-
diers on the front lines to the citizens on the home front,
World War II: Primary Sources tells the story of the war in the
words of the people who lived it.
While all aspects of a war of this scale could not be
covered completely in one volume, every effort has been
made to offer a variety of World War II experiences. Sixteen
full or excerpted documents include speeches from world
leaders, such as Winston Churchill’s “Blood, Toil, Tears, and
Sweat” speech and Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Day of Infamy”
speech. The soldiers’ view of the war is presented in excerpts
from such works as Stephen Ambrose’s Citizen Soldiers and
Ernie Pyle’s dispatches from the front lines of the war, while
such pieces as Since You Went Away: World War II Letters from
American Women on the Home Front and The Hiroshima Maid-
ens: A Story of Courage, Compassion, and Survival relate civil-
ians’ war experiences.
xi
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Format
The excerpts in World War II: Primary Sources are
divided into four chapters. Each of the chapters focuses on a
specific theme. “Intensification” examines events leading up
to the war and the escalation of the conflict into a world war.
“Home Front” relates experiences of Americans on the home
front during the war. “The Human Cost” looks at the human
toll of the war, from the horror of the Holocaust to soldiers’
experiences. “Breakthrough” examines major turning points
that led to the Allied victory and the conclusion of the war.
Every chapter opens with a historical overview, followed by
two to five document excerpts.
Each excerpt has seven sections:
• Introductory materialplaces the document and its author
in historical context.
• Things to remember while reading offers important
background information about the featured text.
• Excerptpresents the document in its original spelling and
format.
• What happened next…discusses the impact of the docu-
ment and/or relevant historical events following the date
of the document.
• Did you know…provides interesting facts about the doc-
ument and its author.
• For More Informationoffers resources for further study of
the document and its author.
• Sourcespresents citations to material used to compile the
entry.
Additional Features
The chapters contain numerous sidebar boxes, some
focusing on the author of the featured document, others high-
lighting interesting, related information. More than seventy
black-and-white photos and maps illustrate the text. Each
excerpt is accompanied by a glossary running in the margin
alongside the reprinted document that defines terms, people,
and ideas mentioned in the text. The volume begins with a
timeline of events and a “Words to Know” section. It con-
xii World War II:Primary Sources