World History in Brief: Major Patterns of Change and Continuity, Combined Volume PDF
Preview World History in Brief: Major Patterns of Change and Continuity, Combined Volume
WORLD HISTORY IN BRIEF Major Patterns of Change and Continuity SIXTH EDITION P N. S ETER TEARNS George Mason University Senior Acquisitions Editor: Janet Lanphier Development Editor: Stephanie Ricotta Executive Marketing Manager: Sue Westmoreland Production Manager: Eric Jorgensen Project Coordination, Text Design, and Electronic Page Makeup: Electronic Publishing Services Inc., NYC Cover Design Manager: Wendy Ann Fredericks Cover Designer: Maria Ilardi Cover Art: Hashimoto Sadahide, Japanese, Edo period, 1861. Detail of woodblock print triptych. Picture of a Sales Room in a Foreign Mercantile Firm in Yokohama. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Photo Researcher: Linda Sykes Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Alfred C. Dorsey Printer and Binder: Courier-Westford Cover Printer: Coral Graphic Services For permission to use copyrighted material, grateful acknowledgment is made to the copyright holders on pp. 677–678, which are hereby made part of this copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stearns, Peter N. World history in brief : major patterns of change and continuity / Peter N. Stearns. — 6th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-321-48832-6 (v. 1) — ISBN 0-321-48668-4 (v. 2) — ISBN 0-321-48831-8 (SVE version) 1. World history. I. Title. D21.3.S77 2006 909—dc22 2006024218 Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States. Please visit us at http://www.ablongman.com ISBN 0-321-48831-8 (Single Volume Edition) 0-321-48832-6 (Volume One) 0-321-48668-4 (Volume Two) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10——CRW——09 08 07 06Detailed Contents List of Maps xvi List of Features xviii Preface xx PART I Early World History: From Origins to Agriculture and New Forms of Human Organization 1 CHAPTER 1 From Human Prehistory to the Rise of Agriculture 5 Getting Started Is Always Hard 5 Human Development and Change 6 HISTORY DEBATE People in the Americas 10 The Neolithic Revolution 10 The Nature of Agricultural Societies 13 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Nature of Culture 14 Agriculture and Change 15 Paths to the Present 17 CHAPTER 2 Early Civilization 18 Civilization 18 Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared 26 Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations 27 HISTORY DEBATE Women in Patriarchal Societies 28 Transitions: The End of the River Valley Period 30 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Uses and Varieties 31 The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations 32 New States and Peoples Around 1000 B.C.E. 33 Paths to the Present 34 CHAPTER 3 Nomadic Societies 36 Early Nomadic Societies 36 Nomadic Society and Culture 38 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Nomadic Art 39 Nomads and Civilizations 40 HISTORY DEBATE The Contributions of Nomads 42 Nomads and Global Patterns 43 Paths to the Present 43 PART I RETROSPECTIVE The Rise of Agriculture and Agricultural Civilizations 45 PART II The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E.– 500 C.E. 47 CHAPTER 4 Classical Civilization: China 53 Patterns in Classical China 54 Political Institutions 58 HISTORY DEBATE War 60 Religion and Culture 61 WORLD PROFILES Confucius, or Kong Fuzi (c. 551–479 B.C.E.) 62 Economy and Society 66 WORLD PROFILES Ban Zhao (c. 48–117 C.E.) 69 How Chinese Civilization Fit Together 70 Paths to the Present 72 CHAPTER 5 Classical Civilization: India 74 The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period 75 Patterns in Classical India 77 Political Institutions 80 HISTORY DEBATE Interpreting Civilization, Round Two 82 Religion and Culture 82 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Comparing Systems of Belief 88 Economy and Society 88 Indian Influence 90 China and India 91 Paths to the Present 92 CHAPTER 6 Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean and Middle East: Persia, Greece, and Rome 93 The Persian Tradition 94 Patterns of Greek and Roman History 95 Greek and Roman Political Institutions 99 WORLD PROFILES Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.E.) 102 Religion and Culture 103 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES When Two Belief Systems Meet 109 Economy and Society in the Mediterranean 109 HISTORY DEBATE Mediterranean Civilization and “Western” Civilization 111 Toward the Fall of Rome 113 Paths to the Present 113 CHAPTER 7 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. 115 Beyond the Classical Civilizations 116 Decline in China and India 119 Decline and Fall in Rome 122 The New Religious Map 127 HISTORY DEBATE What Caused Decline and Fall? 128 WORLD PROFILES Saint Paul (Paul of Tarsus) 132 The World Around 500 C.E. 135 Paths to the Present 135 PART II RETROSPECTIVE The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E.–500 C.E. 137 PART III The Postclassical Period, 500–1450 C.E. 139 CHAPTER 8 The Rise of Islam: Civilization in the Middle East 147 The Advent of Islam 148 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Impact of World Religions 148 WORLD PROFILES Muhammad (570–632 C.E.) 150 Patterns of Islamic History 151 Islamic Political Institutions 154 HISTORY DEBATE Political Implications of Islam 156 Islam and Middle Eastern Culture 157 WORLD PROFILES Omar Khayyam (c. 11th–12th Centuries) 162 Economy and Society in the Middle East 164 The Decline of Middle Eastern Civilization 167 Paths to the Present 168 CHAPTER 9 India and Southeast Asia Under the Impact of Islam 170 The Development of Indian Culture 171 HISTORY DEBATE The Caste System 174 The Muslim Challenge in India 174 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Comparison and Contact 176 Southeast Asia 177 Paths to the Present 179 CHAPTER 10 Africa and Islam 180 Sub-Saharan Africa and the World Network 181 WORLD PROFILES Sundiata 183 The Great Kingdoms 184 HISTORY DEBATE Handles for African History 188 Features of African Civilization 188 Paths to the Present 190 CHAPTER 11 East European Civilization: Byzantium and Russia 192 The Byzantine Phase 193 WORLD PROFILES The Emperor Justinian (527–565 C.E.) 194 The Early Russian Phase: Kievan Rus’ 199 HISTORY DEBATE A Russian Civilization? 201 East European Political Institutions 201 East European Religion and Culture 202 East European Economy and Society 204 East European Civilization in Eclipse 204 Paths to the Present 205 CHAPTER 12 Western Civilization: The Middle Ages 207 Early Patterns in Western Civilization 208 Medieval Political Institutions 212 HISTORY DEBATE Western Civilization 213 Medieval Religion and Culture 214 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Christianity and Syncretism 218 Economy and Society 218 Women and Family Life 222 Tensions in the Later Middle Ages 223 Paths to the Present 224 CHAPTER 13 The Spread of East Asian Civilization 226 Political and Cultural Developments in China 227 WORLD PROFILES Taizong (626–649 C.E.) 229 Economy and Society in China 233 Civilization in Korea, Vietnam, and Japan 237 HISTORY DEBATE East Asian Civilization? 240 Culture, Society, and Economy in Japan 240 WORLD PROFILES Mugai Nyodai 242 East Asian Self-Confidence 243 Paths to the Present 244 CHAPTER 14 Centers of Civilization in the Americas 246 The Mayas and Aztecs 248 HISTORY DEBATE What Happened to the Mayas? 251 The Issue of Isolation 253 Paths to the Present 253 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES The Question of Legacies 255 CHAPTER 15 The Mongol Interlude and the End of the Postclassical Period 257 Mongol Empires 258 WORLD PROFILES Chabi Khan 261 China and the West as New World Powers 262 HISTORY DEBATE Causes of Global Change by 1450 263 The End of Transition: Postclassical to Early Modern 264 Paths to the Present 265 PART III RETROSPECTIVE The Postclassical Period, 500–1450 C.E. 266 PART IV A New World Economy, 1450–1750 267 CHAPTER 16 The West and the World: Discovery, Colonization, and Trade 277 Patterns of Exploration and Trade 278 HISTORY DEBATE Early Modern Stereotypes 279 WORLD PROFILES Amerigo Vespucci (1451–1512) 282 Toward a World Economy 284 Africa 286 WORLD PROFILES Olandah Equiano 289 Colonization in Latin America: The Birth of a New Civilization 290 Latin American Civilization 293 WORLD PROFILES Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651–1695) 297 Western Civilization in North America 297 North and South America: Reasons for the Differences 299 The World Economy Revisited 301 Paths to the Present 301 CHAPTER 17 Western Civilization Changes Shape in the Early Modern Centuries 304 Patterns of Early Modern Western History 305 WORLD PROFILES Maria Portinari 306 Political Institutions and Ideas 313 The Ferment in Western Culture 315 UNDERSTANDING CULTURES A Revolution in Popular Culture 321 Transformations in Economic and Social Life 322 How Early Modern Trends in the West Interrelated 325 Paths to the Present 326 CHAPTER 18 The Rise of Eastern Europe 328 Patterns of Early Modern Russian History 329 WORLD PROFILES Catherine the Great (1762–1796) 332 HISTORY DEBATE A Russian Civilization? 335 Russian Political Institutions 335 Russian Culture 336 Economy and Society in Russia 339 The World’s First Effort at Westernization 341 Paths to the Present 342 CHAPTER 19 The Ottoman and Mughal Empires 343 The Expanding Force of the Ottoman Empire 344 The Ottoman Empire in Decline 349 HISTORY DEBATE Guns and Their Impact 350 The Mughal Empire: Invasion, Consolidation, and Decline 351
The list of books you might like
