World History, Grades 9-12 Patterns of Interaction Full Survey: Mcdougal World History Patterns of Interaction

1312 Pages·2008·147.83 MB·English

by  Holt Mcdougal

Senior Consultants
Roger B. Beck, Ph.D.
Roger B. Beck is Distinguished Professor of African, World, and 20th Century World History at Eastern Illinois University.
Having taught at international schools in Tokyo, Paris, and London, Dr. Beck also supervised student teachers and taught
Social Studies Methods at Eastern for many years. In addition to a long teaching career at high school, college, and gradu-
ate school levels, Dr. Beck has published extensively, including authoring The History of South Africa and co-authoring the
college world history text A History of World Societies. He has also published more than 100 book chapters, journal arti-
cles, and book reviews. He is a recipient of two Fulbright fellowships, and is an active member of the African Studies
Association and the World History Association.
Linda Black, B.A., M.Ed.
Linda Black teaches World History at Cypress Falls High School in Houston, Texas, and has had a distinguished career
in education as a teacher of world history, American history, and Texas history. In 1993–1994, Mrs. Black was named an
Outstanding Secondary Social Studies Teacher in the United States by the National Council for the Social Studies. In
1996, she was elected to the Board of Directors of the National Council for the Social Studies. She is an active member
of that council, the Texas Council for the Social Studies, and the World History Association. She served on the College
Board Test Development for Advanced Placement World History from 1995 to 2003.
Larry S. Krieger, B.A., M.A., M.A.T.
Larry S. Krieger is the social studies supervisor for grades K-12 in Montgomery Township Public Schools in New
Jersey. For 26 years he has taught world history in public schools. He has also introduced many innovative in-service
programs, such as “Putting the Story Back in History,” and has co-authored several successful history textbooks. Mr.
Krieger earned his B.A. and M.A.T. from the University of North Carolina and his M.A. from Wake Forest University.
Phillip C. Naylor, Ph.D.
Phillip C. Naylor is an associate professor of history at Marquette University and teaches European, North African, and
West Asian undergraduate and graduate courses. He was the director of the Western Civilization program for nine years
where he inaugurated a “transcultural approach” to the teaching of the traditional survey. He has authored France and
Algeria: A History of Decolonization and Transformation, coauthored The Historical Dictionary of Algeria, and
coedited State and Society in Algeria. He has published numerous articles, papers, and reviews, and produced CD-ROM
projects. In 1996, Dr. Naylor received the Reverend John P. Raynor, S.J., Faculty Award for Teaching Excellence at
Marquette University. In 1992, he received the Edward G. Roddy Teaching Award at Merrimack College.
Dahia Ibo Shabaka, B.A., M.A., Ed.S.
Dahia Ibo Shabaka is the director of Social Studies and African-Centered Education in the Detroit Public Schools
system. She has an extensive educational and scholarly background in the disciplines of history, political science,
economics, law, and reading, and in secondary education, curriculum development, and school administration and
supervision. Ms. Shabaka has been a teacher, a curriculum coordinator, and a supervisor of social studies in the Detroit
Secondary Schools. In 1991 she was named Social Studies Educator of the Year by the Michigan Council for the Social
Studies. Ms. Shabaka is the recipient of a Fulbright Fellowship at the Hebrew University in Israel and has served as an
executive board member of the National Social Studies Supervisors Association.
Copyright © 2009 by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Maps on pages A2–A47 © Rand McNally & Company. All rights reserved.
Warning: No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and record-
ing, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of McDougal Littell unless such copying is expressly permitted
by federal copyright law. With the exception of not-for-profit transcription in Braille, McDougal Littell is not authorized to grant permission for further uses
of copyrighted selections reprinted in this text without the permission of their owners. Permission must be obtained from the individual copyright owners as
identified herein. Address inquiries to Supervisor, Rights and Permissions, McDougal Littell, P.O. Box 1667, Evanston, IL 60204.
Acknowledgments begin on page R135.
ISBN-10: 0-547-03475-X ISBN-13: 978-0-547-03475-1
Printed in the United States of America.
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9–DJM–12 11 10 09 08
This text contains material that appeared originally in World History: Perspectives on the Past(D.C. Heath and Company) by
iv Larry S. Krieger, Kenneth Neill, and Dr. Edward Reynolds.
Consultants and Reviewers
Content Consultants
The content consultants reviewed the content for historical depth and accuracy and for clarity of presentation.
Jerry Bentley Don Holsinger Wolfgang Schlauch Scott Waugh
Department of History Department of History Department of History Department of History
University of Hawaii Seattle Pacific University Eastern Illinois University of California,
Honolulu, Hawaii Seattle, Washington University Los Angeles
Charleston, Illinois Los Angeles, California
Marc Brettler Patrick Manning
Department of World History Center Susan Schroeder
Near Eastern and Department of History Department of History
Judaic Studies Northeastern University Loyola University
Brandeis University Boston, Massachusetts of Chicago
Waltham, Massachusetts Chicago, Illinois
Richard Saller
Steve Gosch Department of History
Department of History University of Chicago
University of Wisconsin Chicago, Illinois
at Eau Claire
Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Multicultural Advisory Board Consultants
The multicultural advisers reviewed the manuscript for appropriate historical content.
Pat A. Brown Mary Ellen Maddox Jon Reyhner Ysidro Valenzuela
Director of the Indianapolis Black Education Associate Professor and Fresno High School
Public Schools Commission Director Coordinator ofthe Fresno, California
Office of African Centered Los Angeles Unified Bilingual Multicultural
Multicultural Education School District Education Program
Indianapolis Public Schools Los Angeles, California Northern Arizona University
Indianapolis, Indiana Flagstaff, Arizona
Ogle B. Duff
Associate Professor of English
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Teacher Review Panels
The following educators provided ongoing review during the development of prototypes,
the table of contents, and key components of the program.
Patrick Adams Craig T. Grace Harry McCown Linda Stevens
Pasadena High School Lanier High School Hazelwood West High School Central High School
Pasadena, Texas West Austin, Texas Hazelwood, Missouri San Angelo, Texas
Bruce Bekemeyer Katie Ivey Terry McRae Leonard Sullivan
Marquette High School Dimmitt High School Robert E. Lee High School Pattonville High School
Chesterfield, Missouri Dimmitt, Texas Tyler, Texas Maryland Hts., Missouri
Ellen Bell Gary Kasprovich Joseph Naumann (retired) Carole Weeden
Bellaire High School Granite City High School McCluer North High School Fort Zumwalt South
Bellaire, Texas Granite City, Illinois Florissant, Missouri High School
St. Peters, Missouri
Margaret Campbell Pat Knapp Sherrie Prahl
Central High School Burgess High School The Woodlands High School Rita Wylie
St. Louis, Missouri El Paso, Texas The Woodlands, Texas Parkway West Sr. High School
Ballwin, Missouri
Nancy Coates Eric R. Larson Dorothy Schulze
Belleville East High School Clark High School Health Careers High School
Belleville, Illinois Plano, Texas San Antonio, Texas
Kim Coil Linda Marrs Liz Silva
Francis Howell North Naaman Forest High School Townview Magnet Center
High School Garland, Texas Dallas, Texas
St. Charles, Missouri
v
Reviewers
(continued)
Teacher Consultants
Glenn Bird Paul Fitzgerald Myra Osman
Springville High School Estancia High School Homewood Flossmoor
Springville, Utah Costa Mesa, California High School
Flossmoor, Illinois
Michael Cady Craig T. Grace
North High School Lanier High School Dorothy Schulze
Phoenix, Arizona West Austin, Texas Health Careers High School
Dallas, Texas
William Canter Joy McKee
Guilford High School Lamar High School Linda Stevens
Rockford, Illinois Arlington, Texas Central High School
San Angelo, Texas
Nancy Coates Terry McRae
Belleville East High School Robert E. Lee High School
Belleville, Illinois Tyler, Texas
The following educators wrote activities for the program.
Charlotte Albaugh Jan Ellersieck Robert Parker
Grand Prairie High School Ft. Zummalt South High School St. Margaret’s High School
Grand Prairie, Texas St. Peters, Missouri San Juan Capistrano, California
Mark Aguirre Craig T. Grace Janet Rogolsky
Scripps Ranch High School Lanier High School Sylvania Southview High School
San Diego, California West Austin, Texas Sylvania, Ohio
Sharon Ballard Korri Kinney Dorothy Schulze
L.D. Bell High School Meridian High School Health Careers High School
Hurst, Texas Meridian, Idaho San Antonio, Texas
Bryon Borgelt Jerome Love Evelyn Sims
St. John’s Jesuit High School Beaumont High School Skyline Center High School
Toledo, Ohio St. Louis, Missouri Dallas, Texas
William Brown (retired) Melissa Mack Brenda Smith
Northeast High School St. Margaret’s High School Colorado Springs School District 11
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania San Juan Capistrano, California Colorado Springs, Colorado
Haley Brice Clark Harry McCown Linda Stevens
DeBakey Health Prof. High School Hazelwood West High School Central High School
Houston, Texas Hazelwood, Missouri San Angelo, Texas
John Devine Terry McRae Leonard Sullivan
Elgin High School Robert E. Lee High School Pattonville High School
Elgin, Illinois Tyler, Texas Maryland Heights, Missouri
Karen Dingeldein Joseph Naumann (retired) Linda Tillis
Cudahy High School McCluer North High School South Oak Cliff High School
Cudahy, Wisconsin Florissant, Missouri Dallas, Texas
Joanne Dodd Theresa C. Noonan Andrew White
Scarborough High School West Irondequoit High School Morrow High School
Houston, Texas Rochester, New York Clayton, Georgia
vi
Reviewers
(continued)
Student Board
The following students reviewed prototype materials for the textbook.
LaShaunda Allen Iman Jalali Nicholas Price
Weston High School Glenbrook North High School Central Lafourche Senior
Greenville, MS Northbrook, IL High School
Mathews, LA
Brandy Andreas Vivek Makhijani
Rayburn High School Durfee High School Ben Richey
Pasadena, TX Fall River, MA Fort Vancouver High School
Vancouver, WA
Adam Bishop Todd McDavitt
Jordan High School Derby High School Karen Ryan
Sandy, UT Derby, KS Silver Creek High School
San Jose, CA
Jennifer Bragg Teniqua Mitchell
Midlothian High School Linden-McKinley High School Matt Shaver
Midlothian, VA Columbus, OH Weatherford High School
Weatherford, TX
Nicole Fevry Cicely Nash
Midwood High School Edmond Memorial High School Richie Spitler
Brooklyn, NY Edmond, OK Atlantic High School
Port Orange, FL
Phillip Gallegos Brian Nebrensky
Hilltop High School Hillsboro High School Jessie Stoneberg
Chula Vista, CA Hillsboro, OR Burnsville High School
Burnsville, MN
Matt Gave Jesse Neumyer
Stevenson Senior High School Cumberland Valley High School Kelly Swick
Sterling Heights, MI Mechanicsburg, PA Ocean Township High School
Oakhurst, NJ
Blair Hogan Nora Patronas
Leesville Road High School Alba High School Jason Utzig
Raleigh, NC Bayou La Batre, LA Kenmore East High School
Tonawanda, NY
Ngoc Hong Lindsey Petersen
Watkins Mill Senior High School Stoughton High School Justin Woodly
Gaithersburg, MD Stoughton, WI North Cobb High School
Kennesaw, GA
vii
4 million B.C.–200 B.C.
Beginnings of Civilization
Introduction
World Atlas
A1
Strategies for Taking Standardized Tests
S1
PART 1: Strategies for Studying History S2
PART 2: Test-Taking Strategies and Practice S6
●
CHAPTER 1 Prehistory–2500 B.C.
The Peopling of the World
2
1 Human Origins in Africa 5
ANALYZING KEY CONCEPTS:Culture 6
HISTORY THROUGH ART: Cave Paintings 12
2 Humans Try to Control Nature 14
3 Civilization
Tutankhamen death mask CASE STUDY Ur in Sumer 19
(page 39) ANALYZING KEY CONCEPTS: Civilization 21
●
CHAPTER 2 3500 B.C.–450 B.C.
Early River Valley Civilizations
26
1 City-States in Mesopotamia 29
2 Pyramids on the Nile 35
HISTORY IN DEPTH: Pyramids and Mummies 39
SOCIAL HISTORY: Work and Play in Ancient Egypt 42
3 Planned Cities on the Indus 44
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: Plumbing in Mohenjo-Daro 47
4 River Dynasties in China 50
●
CHAPTER 3 2000 B.C.–250 B.C
Hebrew Flood Story art People and Ideas on the Move
58
(page 83)
1 The Indo-Europeans 61
2 Hinduism and Buddhism Develop 66
3 Seafaring Traders 72
HISTORY IN DEPTH: Phoenician Trade 75
4 The Origins of Judaism 77
ANALYZING KEY CONCEPTS: Judaism 80
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES: The Flood Story 83
●
CHAPTER 4 1570 B.C.–200 B.C.
First Age of Empires
86
1 The Egyptian and Nubian Empires 89
HISTORY IN DEPTH: Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture 92
2 The Assyrian Empire 95
3 The Persian Empire 99
GLOBAL IMPACT: Empire Building 102
4 The Unification of China 104
HISTORY IN DEPTH: The Great Wall of China 108
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING: Ancient Civilizations 112
Great Wall of China
(page 108)
viii
2000 B.C.–A.D. 700
New Directions in Government and Society
●
CHAPTER 5 2000 B.C.–300 B.C.
Classical Greece
120
1 Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 123
2 Warring City-States 127
HISTORY IN DEPTH: Festivals and Sports 130
3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 134
HISTORY THROUGH ART: Greek Art and Architecture 140
4 Alexander’s Empire 142
5 The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 146
●
CHAPTER 6 500 B.C.–A.D. 500
Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
152
Roman fresco, Pompeii, Italy
1 The Roman Republic 155
(page 167)
2 The Roman Empire 160
SOCIAL HISTORY: Life in a Roman Villa 166
3 The Rise of Christianity 168
4 The Fall of the Roman Empire 173
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES: The Fall of the Roman Empire 177
5 Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization 178
ANALYZING KEY CONCEPTS: Western Civilization 180
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: The Colosseum 182
●
CHAPTER 7 400 B.C.–A.D. 550
India and China Establish Empires
186
1 India’s First Empires 189
2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture 193
HISTORY THROUGH ART:Hindu and Buddhist Art 198
3 Han Emperors in China 200
GLOBAL IMPACT:Trade Networks 204
●
CHAPTER 8 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
African Civilizations
210
Asoka’s lions (page 190)
1 Diverse Societies in Africa 213
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: African Ironworking 218
2 Migration
CASE STUDY Bantu-Speaking Peoples 220
3 The Kingdom of Aksum 225
●
CHAPTER 9 40,000 B.C.–A.D. 700
The Americas: A Separate World
232
1 The Earliest Americans 235
2 Early Mesoamerican Civilizations 240
HISTORY THROUGH ART: Olmec Sculpture 244
3 Early Civilizations of the Andes 246
HISTORY IN DEPTH: Nazca Lines 248
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING: Classical Ages 252
Kuba mask, Africa (page 224)
ix