Work activity studies within the framework of ergonomics, psychology, and economics

461 Pages·2019·8.6 MB·English

by  Bedny, Gregory Z., Bedny, Inna

Work Activity Studies
Within the Framework of
Ergonomics, Psychology, and
Economics
Human Activity: Efficiency, Safety, Complexity, and
Reliability of Performance
Series Editor
Gregory Z. Bedny
Research Associate at Evolute, Inc.
Louisville, KY
Work Activity Studies Within the Framework of Ergonomics,
Psychology and Economics
Gregory Z. Bedny and Inna S. Bedny
Work Activity Studies
Within the Framework of
Ergonomics, Psychology, and
Economics
Gregory Z. Bedny and Inna S. Bedny
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Bedny, Gregory Z., author. | Bedny, Inna, author.
Title: Work activity studies within the framework of ergonomics, psychology,
and economics / authored by Gregory Z. Bedny and Inna S. Bedny.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor &
Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic
division of T&F Informa, plc, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018022126| ISBN 9780815357100 (hardback : acid-free paper)
| ISBN 9781351125000 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Work design.
Classification: LCC T60.8 .B43 2019 | DDC 620.8--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018022126
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Contents
Contents
This one is for Marina and Maya, our two wonderful girls.

Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................xv
Authors ................................................................................................................xvii
Part I H uman Performance in Ergonomics,
Psychology, and Economics
1 The Role of Ergonomics, Psychology, and Economics in
Studying Efficiency of Human Performance ............................................3
1.1 Brief History of Human Performance Analysis ...............................3
1.2 Study of Human Performance in Ergonomics, Psychology,
and Economics .....................................................................................10
1.3 Examples of Evaluation of Economic Efficiency of Innovations ......20
References .......................................................................................................36
2 Concept of Task in Systemic-Structural Activity Theory ....................39
2.1 Overview of Systemic-Structural Activity Theory ........................39
2.2 Analysis of the Basic Components of Tasks ....................................49
2.3 Cognitive and Behavioral Actions as Basic Elements of Task ......55
2.4 Task Classification and Design .........................................................62
2.5 Study of Production Process in the Building Construction
Industry Using Technological Units of Analysis ...........................72
References .......................................................................................................79
3 Concept of Activity as Self-Regulative System and Its Role in
Studying the Pilot’s Performance..............................................................85
3.1 Concepts of Orienting Activity and Situation Awareness:
Comparative Analysis ........................................................................85
3.2 Self-Regulation Model of Orienting Activity in Systemic-
Structural Activity Theory ................................................................92
3.3 Examples of Studies of the Pilot’s Activity in Emergency
Situations from the Functional Analysis Perspective ....................99
3.4 Analysis of Pilot Strategies When Engines Can Fail ...................104
3.5 Examples of Eye Movement Analysis of Pilots’ Performance ....116
3.6 Qualitative Analysis of Eye and Mouse Movement
Relationships......................................................................................125
References .....................................................................................................129
vii
viii Contents
4 Concept of Self-Regulation of Cognitive Processes in
Systemic-Structural Activity Theory......................................................131
4.1 Self-Regulative Model of Perceptual Process ................................131
4.2 Self-Regulative Model of Memory ..................................................136
4.3 Applying Experimental Methods to Study of Attention .............145
4.4 Self-Regulative Model of Attention ................................................153
4.5 The Role of Thinking in the Study of Human Performance ......158
4.6 Self-Regulative Model of Thinking ................................................171
References .....................................................................................................183
5 Tasks with Complex Logical and Probabilistic Structure and
Assessment of Probability of Decision-Making Outcomes ..............187
5.1 Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Tasks..............................187
5.2 Decision-Making in Rule-Based or Instruction-Based Tasks .....196
5.3 New Method of Assessing Probability of Decision-Making
Outcomes in Task Analysis .............................................................200
References .....................................................................................................206
Part II Design of Computerized and Computer-Based
Tasks with Variable Structure
6 Morphological Analysis of Activity .......................................................211
6.1 Introduction to the Morphological Analysis of Task
Performance .......................................................................................211
6.2 Description of Individual Members of an Algorithm .................217
6.3 Algorithmic Description of Activity as a Basis of Analysis of
Variable Tasks ....................................................................................224
6.4 Development of the Activity Time Structure ................................229
6.5 Pace of Task Performance and the Process of Its Formation.......237
References .....................................................................................................243
7 Design of Computerized Tasks with Complex Logical and
Probabilistic Structure ..............................................................................245
7.1 Qualitative Analysis of a Computerized Task ..............................245
7.2 Morphological Analysis of Computerized Task with
Complex Probabilistic Structure .....................................................249
7.2.1 Morphological Analysis of Subtask 0 ...............................249
7.2.2 Morphological Analysis of Version 1 of Inventory
Receiving Task Performance ..............................................262
7.2.3 Morphological Analysis of Version 2 of Task
Performance ..........................................................................272
7.2.4 Morphological Analysis of Version 3 of Task
Performance ..........................................................................287
References .....................................................................................................321
Contents ix
8 Quantitative Assessment of the Complexity of
Computerized Tasks ..................................................................................323
8.1 Basic Principles of Measuring the Task Complexity ....................323
8.2 Quantitative Assessment of Task Complexity ..............................332
8.3 Evaluation of the Computerized-Task Complexity before
and after Innovation .........................................................................345
8.3.1 Evaluation of the First Versions of the
Computerized-Task Complexity before and after
Innovation .............................................................................345
8.3.2 Evaluation of the Second Versions of the
Computerized-Task Complexity before and after
Innovation .............................................................................357
8.3.3 Evaluation of Complexity of Third Versions of the
Computerized Task before and after Innovation ............368
References .....................................................................................................379
9 Assessment of Complexity and Reliability of the Computer-
Based Task with Complex Logical and Probabilistic Structure .......381
9.1 Assessing Reliability of the Computer-Based
Task before Innovation .....................................................................381
9.2 Assessment of Reliability of Computer-Based Task after
Innovation ..........................................................................................397
9.3 Complexity Evaluation of Computer-Based Task
before Innovation ..............................................................................405
9.4 Complexity Evaluation of Computer-Based Task after
Innovation ..........................................................................................409
9.5 Economic Effects of Implemented Innovations ............................416
References .....................................................................................................428
Conclusion ...........................................................................................................431
Index .....................................................................................................................435