Table Of Content

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS for a CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW 2ND EDITION J. P. MORELAND and WILLIAM LANE CRAIG To the late Dallas Willard and Stuart Hackett Remember those who led you,who spoke the word of God to you;and considering the result of their conduct,imitate their faith. HEBREWS 13:7 (NASB) CONTENTS Outline of the Book Preface An Invitation to Christian Philosophy Part I: Introduction 1 What Is Philosophy? 2 Argumentation and Logic Part II: Epistemology 3 Knowledge and Rationality 4 The Problem of Skepticism 5 The Structure of Justification 6 Theories of Truth and Postmodernism 7 Religious Epistemology Part III: Metaphysics 8 What Is Metaphysics? 9 General Ontology: Existence, Identity, and Reductionism 10 General Ontology: Two Categories—Property and Substance 11 The Mind-Body Problem IA: Consciousness and Property Dualism or Mere-Property Dualism 12 The Mind-Body Problem IB: Physicalist Alternatives to Property Dualism or Mere-Property Dualism 13 The Mind-Body Problem IIA: Arguments Regarding and Versions of Substance Dualism 14 The Mind-Body Problem IIB: The Main Physicalist Alternatives to Substance Dualism 15 Free Will and Determinism 16 Personal Identity and Life After Death Part IV: Philosophy of Science 17 Scientific Methodology 18 The Realism-Antirealism Debate 19 Philosophy and the Integration of Science and Theology 20 Philosophy of Time and Space Part V: Ethics 21 Ethics, Morality, and Metaethics 22 Ethical Relativism and Absolutism 23 Normative Ethical Theories: Egoism and Utilitarianism 24 Normative Ethical Theories: Deontological and Virtue Ethics Part VI: Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology 25 The Existence of God I 26 The Existence of God II 27 The Coherence of Theism I 28 The Coherence of Theism II 29 The Problem of Evil 30 Creation, Providence, and Miracle 31 Christian Doctrines I: The Trinity 32 Christian Doctrines II: The Incarnation 33 Christian Doctrines III: Atonement 34 Christian Doctrines IV: Christian Particularism Suggestions for Further Reading Notes Name Index Subject Index Scripture Index Praise for Philosophical Foundations About the Authors More Titles from InterVarsity Press OUTLINE OF THE BOOK AN INVITATION TO CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY 1 Why Philosophy Matters 2 An Invitation to Dialogue 3 Acknowledgments PART I INTRODUCTION 1 What Is Philosophy? 1 Introduction 2 The Nature of Philosophy 3 A Christian Justification of Philosophy 4 The Role of Philosophy in Integration 4.1 Examples of the Need for Philosophy 4.2 Different Models of Integration 4.3 Some Philosophical Principles Used in Integration Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts 2 Argumentation and Logic 1 Introduction 2 Deductive Arguments 2.1. Logically Valid 2.1.1 Sentential Logic 2.1.1.1 Nine Rules of Logic 2.1.1.2 Exercises over the Nine Rules 2.1.1.3 Some Equivalences 2.1.1.4 Conditional Proof 2.1.1.5 Reductio ad absurdum 2.1.2 First-Order Predicate Logic 2.1.2.1 Universal Quantification 2.1.2.2 Existential Quantification 2.1.3 Modal Logic 2.1.4 Counterfactual Logic 2.1.5 Informal Fallacies 2.2 True Premises 2.3 Premises More Plausible Than Their Denials 3 Inductive Reasoning 3.1 Bayes’s Theorem 3.2 Inference to the Best Explanation Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts PART II EPISTEMOLOGY 3 Knowledge and Rationality 1 Introduction 2 What Is Knowledge? 2.1 Strategy #1: Retain the Standard Definition 2.2 Strategy #2: Supplement the Standard Definition 2.2.1 No Relevant Falsehood 2.2.2 Defeasibility 2.3 Strategy #3: Readjust the Tripartite Analysis 2.3.1 The Causal Theory 2.3.2 The Reliability Theory 2.4 Final Reflections About Knowledge 3 Reason and Rationality 3.1 Three Notions of Reason and Rationality 3.2 Rationality as Justification or Warrant 3.2.1 Rationality and Truth 3.2.2 Rationality and Epistemic Values 3.2.3 Degrees of Rationality Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts 4 The Problem of Skepticism 1 Introduction 2 Varieties of Skepticism 3 Arguments for Skepticism 3.1 The Argument from Error and Fallibility 3.2 Evil Demons, Brain-in-the-Vat Arguments, and the Possibility of Error 3.3 Transfer of Justification Arguments 4 A Critique of Skepticism 4.1 Skepticism and the Problem of the Criterion 4.2 Brief Responses to the Main Skeptical Arguments 5 The Epistemology of Peer Disagreement 6 Evolutionary Naturalism and Our Noetic Equipment Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts 5 The Structure of Justification 1 Introduction 2 Foundationalism 2.1 Exposition of Foundationalism 2.1.1 Proper Basicality and the Foundations 2.1.2 The Relationship Between Basic and Nonbasic Beliefs 2.2 Arguments for Foundationalism 2.2.1 The Role of Experience and Perceptual Beliefs in Justification 2.2.2 Truths of Reason 2.2.3 The Regress Argument 2.3 Arguments Against Foundationalism 2.3.1 Incorrigibility of the Foundations 2.3.2 All Perception Is Theory Laden 2.3.3 The Transfer of Justification 3 Coherentism 3.1 Coherentism Explained 3.1.1 Coherentism and the Doxastic Assumption 3.1.2 No Asymmetries Between Basic and Nonbasic Beliefs 3.1.3. The Nature of Coherence Itself 3.1.4 Varieties of Coherence Theories 3.2 Coherentism Evaluated 4 Virtue Epistemology Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts 6 Theories of Truth and Postmodernism 1 Introduction 2 Theories of Truth 2.1 Preliminary Issues 2.2 The Correspondence Theory of Truth 2.3 The Coherence Theory of Truth 2.4 The Pragmatic Theory of Truth 3 Postmodernism 3.1 General Characterization of Postmodernism 3.1.1 Postmodernism and Metaphysical Realism 3.1.2 Rejection of the Correspondence Theory of Truth 3.1.3 Rationality and Knowledge 3.1.4 Antifoundationalism 3.1.5 Antiessentialism and Nominalism 3.1.6 Language, Meaning, and Thought 3.1.7 No Metanarratives 3.2 Assessment of Postmodernism Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts 7 Religious Epistemology 1 Introduction 2 Positivism and the Presumption of Atheism 3 Religious Belief Without Warrant 4 Warrant Without Evidence 5 Assessment of Plantinga’s Religious Epistemology Chapter Summary Checklist of Basic Terms and Concepts PART III METAPHYSICS 8 What Is Metaphysics?