Wireless Technician's Handbook (Artech House Mobile Communications Library) 2nd edition

311 Pages·2003·1.96 MB·English

by  Andrew Miceli

Wireless Technician’s Handbook
Second Edition
ForacompletelistingoftheArtechHouseMobileCommunicationsSeries,
turntothebackofthisbook.
Wireless Technician’s Handbook
Second Edition
Andrew Miceli
Artech House
Boston • London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Miceli,Andrew.
Wirelesstechnician’shandbook/AndrewMiceli.—2nded.
p.cm.—(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationsseries)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-58053-357-4(alk.paper)
1.Wirelesscommunicationsystems. I.Title II.Series.
TK5103.2.M532003
621.382—dc21 2003052297
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Miceli,Andrew
Wirelesstechnician’shandbook.—2nded.—
(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationsseries)
1.Wirelesscommunicationsystems I.Title
621.3’82
ISBN1-58053-357-4
CoverdesignbyIgorValdman
©2003ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopart
ofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
andretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service
markshavebeenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccu-
racyofthisinformation.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffect-
ingthevalidityofanytrademarkorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-357-4
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2003052297
10987654321
Contents
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
CHAPTER 1
Reviewing the Basics 1
1.1 AReviewfortheTechnician,anIntroductionfortheNewcomer 1
1.2 Domains:TimeandFrequency 1
1.3 Power 3
1.4 UnderstandingPropagation 6
1.5 TheTransmitandReceivePath 9
1.6 DigitalBasics 11
1.7 Modulation 15
1.8 Vocoding 16
1.9 ShiftKeying 18
1.10 GSMandGMSK 20
1.11 π/4DQPSKandIS-136 20
1.12 QPSK/O-QPSKandCDMA 20
1.13 8PSK 21
1.14 SpreadSpectrum 21
1.15 Conclusion 22
CHAPTER 2
Cellular Radio Concepts 23
2.1 TheCellularConcept 23
2.2 TheHistoryofCellular 23
2.3 The“Cell”inCellular 28
2.4 TheTypicalModernNetwork 31
2.5 TheConceptofMultipleAccess 32
2.6 TheKeytoTrulyMobileCommunications—TheHandoff 34
v
vi Contents
2.7 Sectorization 36
2.8 Antennas 37
2.9 ImprovingPerformance 39
2.10 SqueezingOutAsMuchAsWeCan—RepeatersandFrontEnds 40
2.11 SystemsinUseAroundtheGlobe 42
2.12 Conclusion 45
CHAPTER 3
Advanced Mobile Phone Service 47
3.1 TheBasicsofAMPS 47
3.2 TheAnalogNetwork 47
3.3 SignalingontheAnalogSystem 48
3.4 PreparingAnalogSignals 51
3.5 IdentifyingtheMobilesandBaseStations 53
3.6 FrequencyChannels 55
3.7 ControlandVoiceChannels 55
3.8 TheFOCC 56
3.9 TheRECC 60
3.10 TheVoiceChannels 61
3.11 Call-ProcessingStates 63
3.12 TransmitPower 64
3.13 TheHandoff 65
3.14 TheProblemswithAMPS 67
3.15 Conclusion 69
CHAPTER 4
NA-TDMA 71
4.1 IntroductiontoNA-TDMA 71
4.2 NomenclatureofNA-TDMA—IdentifiersandArchitecture 72
4.3 ChannelsinNA-TDMA 74
4.4 π/4DQPSK—TheModulationofNA-TDMA 75
4.5 TheFOCC,RECC,FVC,andRVCinIS-136 77
4.6 TheDigitalTrafficChannel 79
4.7 MessagesontheDTCH 82
4.8 TheDCCH 83
4.9 SleepMode 85
4.10 MessagesontheDCCH 86
4.11 MAHO 87
4.12 Authentication 88
4.13 Conclusion 92
Contents vii
CHAPTER 5
GSM 93
5.1 Introduction 93
5.2 GSMSystemArchitecture 94
5.3 IdentifiersinGSM 95
5.4 ModulationinGSM 96
5.5 PowerLevels 97
5.6 GSMChannels 98
5.7 ControlChannels 100
5.8 VocodersandTrafficChannels 102
5.9 Messaging 104
5.10 BurstTypes 105
5.11 FrequencyHopping 106
5.12 Handovers 107
5.13 MultipathEqualization 107
5.14 Stage2andBeyond 107
5.15 Conclusion 108
CHAPTER 6
GPRS and EDGE 109
6.1 Introduction 109
6.2 GPRSBasics 111
6.3 PacketDataProtocolBasics 111
6.4 GPRSPhonesandDevices 112
6.5 UnderstandingtheLayers 113
6.6 GPRSPhysicalChannels 114
6.7 GPRSCoding 117
6.8 Bursts 119
6.9 ChannelAllocation 120
6.10 LogicalChannels 122
6.11 OverviewofGPRSProcesses 124
6.12 TheEDGEFormat 125
6.13 8PSKModulationandEDGECoding 126
6.14 EDGEandtheFuture 127
CHAPTER 7
CDMA IS-95 and J-Std-008 129
7.1 Introduction 129
7.2 TheModulationWeUseinCDMA 129
7.3 MultipleAccessinCDMA 129
7.4 Capacity:TheReasonfortheHype 130
viii Contents
7.5 Understandingthe“Code”inCDMA 131
7.6 TheCDMAVocoders 133
7.7 TheForwardLink—CodeChannels 134
7.8 SynchronizationontheForwardLink 139
7.9 TheReverseLinkChannels 140
7.10 PowerControl 143
7.11 CallProcessing—TheFourStates 144
7.12 RegistrationsinCDMA 145
7.13 HandoffsinCDMA 146
7.14 ThePilotSearchingProcess 147
7.15 Conclusion 149
CHAPTER 8
CDMA2000 151
8.1 Introduction 151
8.2 CDMAEvolution 151
8.3 Overviewof1X-RTTand3X-RTT 152
8.4 RadioConfigurations 155
8.5 SpreadingandChannelCodingChanges 156
8.6 AirInterfaceDifferences 158
8.7 PowerControlChanges 160
8.8 PhysicalChannelOverview 161
8.9 ForwardPhysicalChannels 163
8.10 ReversePhysicalChannels 167
8.11 LogicalChannelsandLayeringOverview 169
8.12 HandoffChanges 170
8.13 ForwardTransmitDiversity 170
8.14 TDDMode 171
8.15 Conclusion 171
CHAPTER 9
WCDMA 173
9.1 Introduction 173
9.2 HistoryofWCDMA 173
9.3 FeaturesandBenefitsofWCDMA 175
9.4 TDDandFDDModes 175
9.5 IntroductiontoNomenclature 179
9.6 SlotandFrameStructure 180
9.7 LogicalandTransportChannels 181
9.8 PhysicalChannels 184
9.9 Spreading 185
Contents ix
9.10 Synchronization 188
9.11 PowerControl 189
9.12 HandoversinWCDMA 190
9.13 Modulation 192
9.14 MultipleChannelCodes 193
9.15 Conclusion 193
CHAPTER 10
The Basics of Field Test 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 TypesofCellularandPCSTechnicians 195
10.3 IntroductiontotheRadioTransceiver 197
10.4 MeasuringPower 200
10.5 TimeandFrequencyErrorMeasurements 203
10.6 SpectrumAnalysis 204
10.7 ScalarNetworkAnalysis 208
10.8 TestingtheAudioandMechanicalComponents 209
10.9 TestingModulation 210
10.10 IntroducingtheCommunicationsTestSet 210
10.11 DriveTestTools 211
10.12 TheBattery 212
10.13 Conclusion 213
CHAPTER 11
Testing AMPS 215
11.1 IntroductiontotheAMPSTransceiver 215
11.2 TheAMPSReceiver 215
11.3 FiltersandTestingAMPS 217
11.4 TestingtheAMPSReceiver 217
11.5 TheAMPSTransmitter 221
11.6 TestingtheAMPSTransmitter 221
11.7 Conclusion 224
CHAPTER 12
Testing TDMA Systems—GSM, NA-TDMA, GPRS, and EDGE 225
12.1 Introduction 225
12.2 IntroductiontotheTDMATransceiver 225
12.3 IntroductiontotheTDMATests 228
12.4 FunctionalTests 228
12.5 TransmitterTests 230
12.6 ReceiverTests 234