Wireless Communications Systems Architecture: Transceiver Design and DSP Towards 6G

192 Pages·2022·6.434 MB·English

by  Khaled Salah Mohamed

Synthesis Lectures on
Engineering, Science, and Technology
Khaled Salah Mohamed
Wireless Communications
Systems Architecture
Transceiver Design and DSP Towards 6G
Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science,
and Technology
The focus of this series is general topics, and applications about, and for, engineers
and scientists on a wide array of applications, methods and advances. Most titles cover
subjects such as professional development, education, and study skills, as well as basic
introductory undergraduate material and other topics appropriate for a broader and less
technical audience.
Khaled Salah Mohamed
Wireless Communications
Systems Architecture
Transceiver Design and DSP Towards 6G
Khaled Salah Mohamed
Siemens Digital Industries Software
Fremont, CA, USA
ISSN 2690-0300 ISSN 2690-0327 (electronic)
Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology
ISBN 978-3-031-19296-8 ISBN 978-3-031-19297-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19297-5
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2022
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To the memory of my beloved Father Eng. Salah
Mohamed Abouelhassan, who has raised me to be
the person I am today, who taught me how to
effectively and efficiently think. Thank you for all
the unconditional love that you have given me,
encouraging me to achieve all my dreams. Thank
you for everything.
Preface
There are many books which focus on digital wireless communications. However, there
are not a lot of books dedicated to transceiver architecture. Thus, this book describes
and focuses on the wireless communication systems from a transceiver and digital sig-
nal processing perspective. It is intended to be an advanced and thorough overview for
key wireless communication technologies. A wide variety of wireless communication
technologies are addressed. Different communication paradigms and architectures are dis-
cussed. Moreover, it covers state-of-the-art wireless communication standards. The book
takes a practical systems approach breaking up the technical components of a wireless
communication system such as compression, encryption, channel coding and modula-
tion. In this book, mathematical principles are combined with practical system design.
This book presents the foundation of wireless communications transceiver from basic
principles to the latest standards. The hardware components of a wireless communication
system will be explained. This book combines hardware principles with practical commu-
nication system design. Different communication systems are emerging due to different
applications requirements in terms of performance, power, form factor and cost. More-
over, this book provides a comprehensive perspective on emerging 5G mobile networks.
It identifies its architecture and its key enabling technologies such as M-MIMO, beam-
forming, mmWaves, machine learning and network slicing. Moreover, this book explores
the evolution of wireless mobile networks over the next ten years towards 5G and beyond.
It discusses 5G and its use-cases, system requirements, challenges and opportunities.
Fremont, USA Khaled Salah Mohamed
vii
Contents
Wireless Communication Systems: Foundation ............................. 1
1 Milestones in Communications ......................................... 1
2 Frequency Spectrum: Frequencies for Communication ..................... 2
2.1 Radio Radiation ................................................. 4
2.2 Microwave Radiation ............................................ 8
2.3 Infrared Radiation ............................................... 9
2.4 Visible Light Radiation .......................................... 9
2.5 Ultra-Violet Radiation ........................................... 9
2.6 X-Rays Radiations .............................................. 10
2.7 Alpha Particles ................................................. 10
2.8 Beta Particles ................................................... 10
2.9 Gamma-Rays Radiation .......................................... 11
2.10 Neutron Radiation ............................................... 12
3 Wireless Communication Systems Classification .......................... 12
3.1 Efficiency-Based Classification .................................... 12
3.2 Coverage-Based Classification .................................... 12
4 Wireless Communication System Architecture ............................ 14
5 Information Theory ................................................... 17
5.1 Bandwidth ..................................................... 17
5.2 Spectral Efficiency .............................................. 19
5.3 Sampling ....................................................... 19
5.4 Nyquist Sampling Theorem ...................................... 20
5.5 Shannon Theory ................................................ 21
5.6 Edholm’s Law .................................................. 21
5.7 Wireless Radio Channel: Transmission Impairments ................. 22
6 Conclusions .......................................................... 24
References .............................................................. 25
ix
x Contents
Wireless Communication Systems: Compression and Decompression
Algorithms .............................................................. 27
1 Lossy and Lossless Compression ........................................ 27
2 Compression Techniques ............................................... 28
2.1 Text Compression ............................................... 29
2.2 Image Compression ............................................. 34
2.3 Video Compression .............................................. 42
2.4 Audio Compression ............................................. 46
3 Performance Metrics .................................................. 49
3.1 Compression Ratio .............................................. 49
3.2 Processing/Compression Time and Speed .......................... 49
4 Comparative Study for All Different Compression Techniques .............. 49
5 Conclusions .......................................................... 51
References .............................................................. 51
Wireless Communication Systems: Confidentiality .......................... 55
1 Symmetric Encryption ................................................. 55
1.1 Stream Ciphers ................................................. 56
1.2 Block Ciphers .................................................. 56
2 Asymmetric Encryption ................................................ 58
2.1 AES ........................................................... 59
3 Hybrid Encryption .................................................... 60
4 Authentication ........................................................ 60
5 Crypto Analysis/Attacks ............................................... 61
5.1 Exhaustive/Brute-Force Attack .................................... 62
5.2 Statistical/Histogram Attack ...................................... 62
5.3 Differential Attack .............................................. 63
5.4 Known/Chosen Plaintext/Ciphertext Attack ......................... 63
5.5 Man-in-the-Middle Attack ........................................ 64
6 Secured Wireless Communication System ................................ 64
6.1 AES Security ................................................... 65
6.2 5G Security .................................................... 65
7 Conclusions .......................................................... 66
References .............................................................. 66
Wireless Communication Systems: Reliability .............................. 69
1 Introduction .......................................................... 69
2 Error Detection Techniques ............................................ 70
2.1 Checksum ...................................................... 70
2.2 Parity Check ................................................... 70
2.3 CRC .......................................................... 70
3 Error Correction Techniques ............................................ 73
Contents xi
3.1 Backward Error Correction Techniques ............................ 73
3.2 Forward Error Correction Techniques .............................. 75
4 Channel Equalization .................................................. 92
4.1 Linear Equalization .............................................. 93
4.2 Adaptive Equalization ........................................... 93
5 Diversity ............................................................. 94
5.1 Space Diversity or Antenna Diversity .............................. 95
5.2 Time Diversity .................................................. 95
5.3 Code Diversity .................................................. 95
5.4 Polarization Diversity ............................................ 95
5.5 Frequency Diversity ............................................. 95
6 Conclusions .......................................................... 95
References .............................................................. 96
Wireless Communication Systems: Line Coding, Modulation, Multiple
Access, and Duplexing ................................................... 101
1 Why Modulation? ..................................................... 101
2 Types of Modulation .................................................. 101
2.1 Types of Pulse Modulation: Analog to Digital Up-Conversion ........ 102
2.2 Types of Analog Modulation: Analog to Analog Up-Conversion ...... 104
2.3 Types of Encoding Modulation/Line Coding: Digital to Digital
Up-Conversion .................................................. 105
2.4 Types of Digital Modulation: Digital to Analog Up-Conversion ....... 109
2.5 Adaptive Modulation ............................................ 120
2.6 Types of Digital Demodulation ................................... 121
2.7 Factors Affecting Choice of Modulation ........................... 121
2.8 Multiple Access and Spread Spectrum ............................. 122
2.9 Duplexing ...................................................... 130
2.10 Polarization Reuse .............................................. 131
3 Conclusions .......................................................... 131
References .............................................................. 131
Wireless Communication Systems: Standards .............................. 133
1 Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) .................................. 133
2 PAN: Bluetooth Transceiver ............................................ 134
3 LAN: WiFi Transceiver ................................................ 135
4 WAN: 4G/LTE Transceiver ............................................. 136
5 BN: DVB-S Transceiver ............................................... 137
6 GN: GPS Transceiver .................................................. 138
7 A Comparative Study .................................................. 139
References .............................................................. 141