Wireless ATM and Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocols and Architectures

312 Pages·1997·16.31 MB·English

by  C-K Toh Ph.D. (auth.)

WIRELESS ATM
AND
AD-HOC NETWORKS
Protocols and Architectures
WIRELESS ATM
AND
AD-HOC NETWORKS
Protocols and Architectures
C-K Toh, Ph.D.
University of Cambridge
Cambridge, United Kingdom
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Toh, C. -K. (Chai-Keong)
Wireless AT M and AD-HOC networks protoeols and arehiteetures / C
-K Toh.
p. em.
Ineludes bibliographieal referenees and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-7896-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-6307-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6307-5
1. Asynehronous transfer mode. 2. Wireless eomrnunieation systems.
3. Mobile eommunication systems. 4. Teleeomrnunieation--Switehing
systems. 5. Multimedia systems. 1. Title
TK5105.35.T64 1997
004.6 6--DC20 96-44341
I
CIP
Copyright © 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Fourth Printing 2001
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997
All rights reserved. No part of this publieation may be reprodueed, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, meehanieal, photo
eopying, reeording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, Springer-Science+Business Media, LLC.
Printed an acid-free paper.
This printing is a digital duplication ofthe original edition.
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to:
My Parents
CONTENTS
DEDICATION v
PREFACE xiii
1 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AND
COMPUTING 1
1.1 The Evolution of Mobile Communications 1
1.2 Global Mobile Communications 2
1.3 Wide Area Mobile Communications 4
1.4 Local Area Mobile Communications 5
1.5 Mobility and Adaptability 7
1.6 Mobile Computing 9
1.7 Research Challenges in Mobile Computing 12
1.8 Chapter Summary 15
2 FUNDAMENTALS OF ATM AND WIRELESS
ATM NETWORKS 17
2.1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 17
2.2 ATM Protocols 22
2.3 ATM Forum Wireless ATM Working Group 25
2.4 Wireless ATM Concepts 25
2.5 Wireless ATM Protocols 30
2.6 Chapter Summary 33
3 ARCHITECTURES OF HIGH SPEED
WIRELESS ATM NETWORKS 35
3.1 Introduction 35
Vlll WIRELESS ATM AND AD-Hoc NETWORKS
3.2 ETSI HIPERLAN and IEEE 802.11 36
3.3 America's SUPERNET and Europe's RACE MBS 37
3.4 Architecture Based On Rapid Deployment 39
3.5 Architecture Based On Mobile Representative 41
3.6 Architecture Based On Distributed Control 42
3.7 Architecture Based On Hierarchical Organisation 45
3.8 Architecture Based On Intelligent Network 48
3.9 Architecture Based On Virtual Path Overlay 50
3.10 Cambridge Wireless ATM LAN Architecture 53
3.11 Chapter Summary 68
4 ROUTING AND CROSSOVER ATM SWITCH
DISCOVERY 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Link-State Routing 69
4.3 Distance-Vector Routing 71
4.4 Minimum-Hop Routing 72
4.5 ATM Forum's P-NNI Routing 72
4.6 IETF I-PNNI Routing 75
4.7 ATM Connection Management Schemes 75
4.8 Crossover Switch Discovery 77
4.9 Implementation Outlines of CX Discovery 82
4.10 Mobile Quality of Service 88
4.11 Chapter Summary 99
5 WIRELESS ATM HAND OVER PROTOCOL
DESIGN 101
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Existing Handover Schemes 101
5.3 Classification of Handoff Issues 114
5.4 Handover Protocol Design Issues 117
5.5 Handover Protocol Using Radio Hint 125
5.6 Handover Protocol Without Radio Hint 128
5.7 Handover Protocol Summary 131
5.8 Chapter Summary 134
Contents ix
6 WIRELESS ATM HAND OVER PROTOCOL
IMPLEMENTATION 135
6.1 Objective 135
6.2 Cambridge Fairisle ATM Switch 135
6.3 Wanda Micro-Kernel 137
6.4 MSNA ATM Protocol Suite 138
6.5 Experimental Prototype Model 140
6.6 Performance Comparisons of CR Modules 142
6.7 Implementation Results and Performance Evaluation 147
6.8 Comparisons and Related Work 156
6.9 Design and Implementation Applicability 158
6.10 Chapter Summary 159
7 ROAMING BETWEEN WIRELESS ATM
LANS 161
7.1 Objective 161
7.2 Wireless LAN Organisation 161
7.3 Inter Wireless ATM LAN Roaming 162
7.4 Handover of A Connection Within A WATM LAN 163
7.5 Handover of A Connection Across WATM LANs 164
7.6 Handover of A Connection Across Multiple WATM LANs 166
7.7 Consistency During Inter WATM LAN Handovers 167
7.8 Chapter Summary 168
8 UNICAST AND MULTICAST: A UNIFYING
HAND OVER PARADIGM 169
8.1 Objective 169
8.2 IP and ATM Multicasting 170
8.3 Multicast Routing Protocols 172
8.4 Mobile Multicast Connection Establishment 175
8.5 Handovers of Mobile Multicast Connections 176
8.6 Inter-Cluster Handovers of Multicast Connections 182
8.7 Intra-Cluster Handovers of Multicast Connections 185
8.8 Uniform and Unified Handovers 187
8.9 Discussion 188
8.10 Chapter Summary 191
x WIRELESS ATM AND AD-Hoc NETWORKS
9 THE CAMBRIDGE AD-HOC MOBILE
ROUTING PROTOCOL 193
9.1 Objective 193
9.2 Characteristics of Ad-Hoc Mobile Networks 193
9.3 A Mobile CSCW Application 198
9.4 Early Ad-Hoc Mobile Routing Schemes 199
9.5 Current Ad-Hoc Mobile Routing Schemes 200
9.6 Principles of ABR: Associativity-Based Routing 202
9.7 ABR Protocol Description 208
9.8 Comparisons with Existing Protocols 223
9.9 Dynamic Cell Size Adjustment Scheme (DCSAS) 224
9.10 Comparing with ETSI HIPERLAN 226
9.11 Ad-Hoc Mobile Quality of Service 226
9.12 Chapter Summary 227
10 CONCLUSION 229
10.1 Current Trends and Future of Wireless ATM 229
10.2 Future Research Work 230
10.3 Vision 2000 and Beyond 235
APPENDICES 239
A FORMAL STATEMENTS OF CX
DISCOVERY ALGORITHMS 241
A.l Loose Select CX Discovery 241
A.2 Prior Path Knowledge CX Discovery 242
A.3 Prior Path Optimal Resultant CX Discovery 243
A.4 Distributed Hunt CX Discovery 244
A.5 Backward Tracking CX Discovery 245
B HAND OVER PROTOCOL STATE
MACHINES 247
B.1 With-Hint Handover Protocol State Machines 248
B.2 Without-Hint Handover Protocol State Machines 249
Contents
Xl
C PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CX
DISCOVERY SCHEMES 251
C.1 Objective 251
C.2 Mobile Network Simulation Model 252
C.3 Performance Evaluation of CX Discovery Algorithms 258
CA Overall Performance Evaluation Summary 271
C.5 Chapter Summary 275
D PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ABR
AND DCSAS 277
D.1 Objective 277
D.2 ABR Simulation and Performance Evaluation 277
D.3 ABR Simulation Results and Observations 281
DA DCSAS Simulation and Performance Evaluation 288
D.5 Chapter Summary 290
REFERENCES 293
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 309
INDEX 311
PREFACE
I would like to thank the following for agreeing to act as my book advisors (not
necessarily acting as reviewers):
• Professor Imrich Chlamtac, Boston University
• Professor Anthony Ephremides, University of Maryland
• Professor Jason Lin Y-B, National Chiao Tong University
• Professor K-C Chen, National Tsing Hua University
• Dr. Ram Ramanathan, Bolt Beranek & Newman
• Dr. Arvind Krishna, IBM T J Watson Research Center
• Dr. Mark Karol, Bell Laboratories
• Dr. Ramon Caceres, Bell Laboratories
• Dr. Rafael Alonso, David Sarnoff Research Center
The support given by the publisher cannot be underrated. I would like to
thank him for his efforts to get this project going. The enthusiasm expressed
by Beate, Rob Wallach, Son K. Dao, Mike, Vi, Benny and members of the
Cambridge Mobile Special Interest Group is also appreciated.
The main aim of this book is to address the protocol and architecture aspects
of Wireless ATM and ad-hoc networks. Given the great enthusiasm shown
by people in industries and academic institutions in the area of high speed
networks and wireless multi-media networks, a book describing the state-of
the-art Wireless ATM technology becomes a necessity. This book hopes to
fulfil the quest for a consolidated source of reference for Wireless ATM and
ad-hoc networks.