ECONOMICS / CURRENT EVENTS R “Florida is one of the smartest working–life observers in the country.” —BUSINESSWEEK.COM I W H O ’ S P C lace is not only important, it’s more important than ever. In fact, choosing a place to live is as H important to our happiness as choosing a spouse or career. And some regions, recent surveys A show, really are happier than others. In Who’s Your City?, Creative Class guru Richard Florida R D THE reports on this growing body of research that tells us what qualities of cities and towns actually make Y O U R INTERNATIONAL people happy—and he explains how to use these ideas to make our own choices. Where we decide to live F BESTSELLER L is a crucialdecision in each of our lives, and Who’s Your City?helps us to take full advantage of our range O of choices. R I C I T Y ? D A “Such research could be the most important anyone undertakes.” —LA TIMES W H “An illuminating narrative of demography and urban and economic development.” O —JOHN GAPPER, THE FINANCIAL TIMES F ’ S HOW THE CREATIVE ECONOMY Y M D O IS MAKING WHERE TO LIVE D A RICHARD FLORIDA is one of the world’s leading public intellectuals, U L THE MOST IMPORTANT IM R and was named one of the Best and Brightest by Esquire Magazine. # R I C H DAECISIONR OF YOURD LIFE 10 He is a regular columnist for The Globe and Mail and author of the C 1 8 5 bestselling book The Rise of the Creative Class.He is the director of the I 59 T 0 p 4 ou Martin Prosperity Institute and professor of Business and Creativity Y /2 Gr 2 Class at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management. He is ? /09 C ative founder of the Creative Class Group, located in Washington, DC, F LOR ID A YA Cre N © Toronto, Pittsburgh, and Europe. He lives in Toronto with his wife, Rana. M A G www.creativeclass.com Y E L O $16.00 US B Cover design by Gray318 L ISBN 978-0-465-01809-3 K 51600 S I L V A Member of the Perseus Books Group AUTHOR OF THE RISE OF THE CREATIVE CLASS E www.basicbooks.com R 9 780465 018093 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page i WHO’S YOUR CITY? 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page ii 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page iii WHO’S YOUR CITY? How the Creative Economy Is Making Where to Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life Richard Florida A MEMBER OF THE PERSEUS BOOKS GROUP NEW YORK 0465018093-Florida:Layout 1 4/20/09 9:45 AM Page iv Copyright © 2008 by Richard Florida Hardcover first published in 2008 by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group Paperback first published in 2009 by Basic Books All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016-8810. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, extension 5000, or e-mail [email protected]. Designed by Timm Bryson Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for the hardcover edition: ISBN: 978-0-465-00352-5 Paperback ISBN: 978-0-465-01809-3 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page v For Rana 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page vi If everything that exists has a place, place too will have a place, and so on ad infinitum. —Aristotle How in the image of material man, at once his glory and his menace, is this thing we call a city. —Frank Lloyd Wright The large towns and especially London absorb the very best blood from all the rest of England; the most enterprising, the most highly gifted, those with the highest physique and the strongest characters go there to find scope for their abilities. —Alfred Marshall 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page vii Contents 1 The Question of Where 1 Part I:Why Place Matters 2 Spiky World 17 3 Rise of the Mega-Region 41 4 The Clustering Force 61 Part II:The Wealth of Place 5 The Mobile and the Rooted 79 6 Where the Brains Are 91 7 Job-Shift 101 8 Superstar Cities 127 Part III:The Geography of Happiness 9 Shiny Happy Places 147 10 Beyond Maslow’s City 161 11 Cities Have Personalities,Too 187 vii 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page viii viii CONTENTS Part IV:Where We Live Now 12 Three Big Moves 217 13 The Young and the Restless 223 14 Married with Children 251 15 When the Kids Are Gone 275 16 Place Yourself 287 Acknowledgments 307 Appendices 311 Notes 335 Index 359 0465003525-Florida 1/17/08 9:35 AM Page 1 1 THE QUESTION OF WHERE I ’m not easily shaken. I like to think of myself as a guy who can take just about anything in stride. But when I was asked to appear on the Colbert Report in July 2007, I felt my stomach drop. Just a few months prior, I’d told my wife, Rana, how nerve-racking it would be to do an interview with Stephen Colbert. It’s the one show that puts butterflies in my stomach. His technique of disarming mindless punditry through smart and edgy commentary is brilliant, but tough to fend off. He has an uncanny ability to stay in character—that now-famous bloviating right-wing talking head who grills his guests at a rapid-fire tempo, leaving them dumbstruck. I’m a regular watcher of the show and big fan, so I’ve seen how embarrassing it can be for guests who can’t keep pace. But after some per- suading from Rana and my team, I decided to give it a shot. I took along some backup. Rana, my colleague David Miller, and his wife, Emily, all accompanied me on the high-speed Acela train from Washington, D.C., where we then lived, to 1