Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race

361 Pages·1998·9.62 MB·English

by  Matthew Frye Jacobson

WHITENESOSF A
DIFFERENCTO LOR
European Immaingdtr haen ts
AlcheomfyR ace
MatthFerwyJ ea cobson
HarvarUdn iverPsrietsys
CambridMgaes,s achusetts
LondonE,n gland
Copyr©i g1h99t8b yt hPer esiadnedFn etl loofwH sa rvaCroldl ege
Alrli grhetss erved
Prinitnte hdUe n itSetda otfeA sm erica
Sevepnrithn t2i0n0g3,
FirHsatr vaUrndi verPsrieptsaysp erbeadcikt1 io99n9,
LibroafCr oyn grCeatsasl oigni-nbPglu-icaDtaitoan
Jacboso,Mn atthFerwy 1e95,8 -
Whitenoefas d si ffecroel:noE tru ropiemamni graanndtth se
alcheomfry a cIMe a tthFerwyJ ea cob.s on
p. cm.
Inclubdiebgslr iaophriecfaelr aenndic nedse x.
ISNB 0-6-70436716- (cl)o th
ISNB 0-647-915931 (-pkb).
1.E uropAemaenr icansi-dReanctei ty.
2.W hites-USntiatteeds -iRdaecnet ity.
3.I mmigsr-aUnntiStteedas t-History.
4.R acmi-sUnitSetda tes-History.
5.U nitSetda tes-rRealcaet ions.
I.T itle.
E148E.953J3 1998
305.87"30-0d9c12
.9 8-15547
ToF raNni,c akn,d T ess�
Contents
Noteo nU sage IX
1
IntroducTthieoF na:b ricaotfiR oanc e
THE POLITICAHLI STORY WHI1�ENESS 13
OF
1 ." FreWeh itPee rsonisnt" h Ree publ1i7c9,0 -1840 15
2 1840-1924 39
Anglo-SaxaonndOs t hers,
3 BecomiCnagu casi1a9n2,4 -1965 91
137
HISTORYR,A CE,A ND PERCEPTIOl'�
4 187·7: 139
TheI nstaboiflR iatcye
5 171
LookiJnegw isShe,e iJnegw s
201
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUCASIANS
6 203
TheC rucibolfEe m piFe
7 Naturalizaantdti hoeCn o urts 223
8 246
TheD awninCgi viRli ghEtrsa
274
EpilogEuteh:n Riecv ivaanldt heDe niaolfW hitPer ivilege
283
Notes
Acknowledgments 325
Index 329
Illtursations
followpiangg1e 9 9.
1-1.
"OutwarBdo undT,." Maguirlei,tg hraoph,1 854.
"HomewarBdo undT,.H",. M aguirlei,tg hraoph,1 854.
"ThIeg norVaontte -HonorAsre E asyH,a"r peWre'esk ,l1 y876B.e niecke
RareB ooka ndM anusicptrL ibraYraylU,en ivetrys.i
"AD..1 877,"H arper's 1W8e7e7kB.le yic,nk eeR are BaonodMk a nucsri,p t
LirbarYya,el U niversity.
"ItalSitearenMt u siicnasa ndT heiMra stse,rF"r anLke slIilel'uss trated,
1878.
"Stnelayi nA frcia-BumrbheiH ospitalHiatryp,eW"re 'esk ,l1 y878.
BenieckeR aerB ooka ndM anuscrLiibprta rYya,elU nviersity.
"UnresttedIr immcigtriaoann dI tRses ulst-A PosslieCb uriosoiftt hye
TwetnieCtehn turTyh,eL asYta neke,F"r anLke slIilel'us strated
Newspap1e89r,6 .
"UncSlame Isa M ano fS tronFge atureJs1:l,d"g 1e8,9 8.
RudolpVhal etninaon dA gneAsy reisnT he,Skh,1e 9i21.M usemu ofM od­
ernA rtF iml StiAlrlcsv: eh.i
"MyC hidlrne!D"e troFirteP er es1s94,1.
AlJ olsionTn h eJ azSzi ng1e9r,2 7.M useuomf M oderAnrt F ilSmt ills
Archive.
"How vozi td oty ou knowde vIo nz'atG ristiHaanr?p"e Wre'esk ,l1 y877.
BenieckeR arBeo oka ndM anuscrLiibprta rYya,elU niversity.
GregorPye caks P hilG reeinnG entlemAagnr'ese me1n94t7.,M usemu of
ModerAnrt F ilm SAtrcihlvile.s
TheS harkasn dt hJee tisnW esSti dSet o,r1 y963.M usemu ofM oderAnr t
Fiml StiAlrlhcsiv e.
Noteo nU sage
Ith abs ecocmues tomaamroyna gc adetmois cewsto rdlsi k"aerec ,"
"arecs,""A nglo-,S"ao xr"o wnhsietsesin"nu ndermiqnuiontga tion
makrsT.h per actice cetrhstepa iiornftil htybi osso uwkih,ot ssce e ntral
themitesh seo cfiaablr icoaf"t aricoean"n "dar ec.sB"u Ith aevf orgone
thqeu otamtairoeknxs c eipntt h oisnes tawnhc(te�hsrwe eo ridqnsu estion
arienf acaqt u otatifoonir-n asst,,aw nhceIenw anittt o b ec lear that
ac ertaauitnha ocrt ualrleyft eod"r iN do rc,dsi"" Herbesw,""Te ut,o"ns
and" Anog-lxSoan.s"Ot herIwh iasvleeet of utth qeu otamtairokansl ­
toge,te hveewrnh eIrd eor efteoar r chcaaitce gloirNkioeer sd, i cHreebw,
Teutoann,Ad n g-lSoxaon.
Thibse gaasns tay ldiesctoiinssc:ic aracs eelnyt weenncbtey wihni ch
onpeh raosrae n otdhiendro ste etmor equqiuroet amtaikrosan,n tdih s,
If elbte,c admies traMcotriiemn pgo.r tthaannt hsotwye!lvrei(,ts, h e in­
conspircaucoliuoasgl oi ftc h per acittiscIeen l oft.it cheaf te wo ft he
writwehrops u "tar c"ei nq uotamtairokansl psuo"t Ca ucasiianqn u"o ­
tatmiaornk asn,Idw ondaebrot tu huen examriancecidea rlt atihnatty
�hidse neo.stF omry own apsIa w retn,tt h routghmhea nusctroi pt
streatmhlpeiu nnec tuIaf toiuotnnhd,a I ht a dal wasye"st:( acuasni", a
"AnlgoS-aoxn,""Hb erewa"n d manya poptethlielorian nqs u osta,en d
almtoa slwa"yarsc, e""a rci,a"ol r" rcea,s"bu t osnolmeyt "iwnhl"ie tse
or" bla.cI"kw ondaeboru tth uen examriancecidea rlt,at ihnattyd et­his
noetst,oo A.l ls etd heesignbaletoignoo nnt shs ea meep istemfoolootg-ical
x � NOTE ON USAGE
in,g asnotd h eayp pebaerf ore ywoiut hanonousywtt ylmiasrtkitecor
seapraatrec hfabairci caftorimoc nusr roennetIs fy. o ua rien cltion ed
suppyloyuo rw na sy oguo , I onyloyut ,oi otn,onv oitttehep e a ttienr ns
youorw nc hoei.sc pAr incciopnlseidso tnte hnsiccsyo i rrsee ndevreerdy
diffibcyu ltcthu el twuirtehw ihni wceho per.a te
Hardtlwyo[ scieangtriaesstet o st ]hne u mbaenrcd omposoiftt ihreoa nc es.
Thuosn sec homlaakrea sne labocrlasatisefi caotfti woenn tyr-anciense;
anottheelurls ts h earrese i xH;u xlgeiyv uessf ouKrr;o ebtehrr,eG 1oel;d en­
wei,sfi evrea;n dB oas itnoctl wiown,he ishl iecs o lleLaignuteso,an yt,sh ere
artew elovre efifnEt.ve emny d ullest studennotttseh aispsop maerteinmte s
contradiction.
-BrewtBoernry ",A S outheLrenaerarnb so Ruatc e,"
CommoGnr ou(n1d9 42)
BLANK PAGE
CaucasViaarni eIth ya.v tea ketnhn ea meo ft hivsa rifertoyMm o unCta uca­
susb,o tbhe cauistnese ighborahnodeo sdp,e citahsleol uyt hern slope, pro­
ducetshm eo sbte autriafcuelm eonfI, m eant hGee orgiaanndb; e cauaslel
thpeh ysiolroegaisccoaonlns v etrogt eh itsh,ai tnt harte giiofan n,y wehrei,t
seemwse o ughwti tghr eatpersotb aibttiyol p latcheae u tochtohfom naens­
kin.d .T.ha stt ock di.s.ptl.hmae oy sst beafuotriomff tu hlse k ull, from
whicahs,f roamm eana ndp rimevalt htoeyt pheed,ri sv e.rg.Be.e s idietis s,
whitienc olowrh,i cwhe m ayf aiarlsys u.tm oeb et hper imictoilvooefr m an­
kinsdi,n .ce.i .ti sv ereya styod egeneirnatbtore o wbnu,vt e rmyu chm ore
difficfuodlrat r tko b ecomweh i.t e
-JohanFnr edrBilcuhm enbOanc thh,Ne a turVaalr ieties
ofM ankin(d17 75)
Ofa ltlh oed dm ythtsh ahta vaer isientn h sec ientifict hw"eoC raludc,a sian
mysteirnyv"e nqtueidit nen ocebnytB llyu menbiastc hhoe d deAs tG.e,o rgian
womans'ksu wlalst hhea ndsomienhs itcs o llecHteinocinetb. e camhei s
modeelx empolfah ru masnk ulflrso,wm h icahno themrisg hbt(r �e garadse d
deviatainodon usot;f t hibsys, o mset range inhtoecHuesc-tpugoarcleu uwsp ,
thneo titohnat th Cea ucasmiaanin s t hper otot"yApdiacm incl"a n.
-ThomaHse nrHyu xle"yM,e thoadnsdR esuolftE st hnolo(g81y6"8 )
IntroducTthieFo anb:r ication
ofR ace
We tetnotd h ionfrk a caesb eing ibnldreie,sa Iplftu.ar tmaeosu nro tions
ofk insahniddpe scaennidtn flueonucmreo sv emeinntt hsse co iwaolr ld;
wes eietp laionnlo yn ean othfecarse'.Is ts eeamp sr oducotf t nhoet
scoiiamla ginbautotif ob ni oyl.Lo igkseo mmei d-tcuerlnyi bewrhaol s
sawr acaesa " mytohr"a " spuerisnot",ih tOv\T,es vcehroliansr esv eral
discihpalvirene ecses nhtalkyfe anii tnth h biisoo gliccearlnt taTyih.c eo n­
ventiboyn ws h"ircamhci ex iinusgn "d eordstt,ho eyn top uoti,ios n es ite
whereu ntrheea olfri atccyeo meisn tvoi e.Ww hyi ist tihnta hUten ited