West and Third World - Trade, Colonialism, Dependence, and Development

384 Pages·1999·16.328 MB·English

by  David K. Fieldhouse

HISTORY OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
-THE-
WEST AND THE
THIRD WORLD
D. K. FIELDHOUSE
B
HISTORY OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Consultant Editors: Dr Peter Catterall and Professor Lawrence Freedman
This series aims to provide students of contemporary history, politics and
international relations with concise, critical overviews of the major themes
and the development of key geographical regions that have dominated
discussion of world events in the twentieth century. The emphasis in the
regional histories will be on the period since the Second World War, but
coverage will extend to the earlier twentieth century wherever necessary.
The books will assume little or no prior knowledge of the subject, and are
intended to be used by students as their point of entry into a wide range
of topics in contemporary international history.
Published
The Causes of the Second World War
Andrew J. Crozier
The West and the Third World
D. K. Fieldhouse
The Communist Movement since 1945
Willie Thompson
Forthcoming
South Africa in the Twentieth Century
James Barber
Decolonization and its Impact
Martin Shipway
The West and the Third World
Trade, Colonialism, Dependence and
Development
D. K. Fieldhouse
BLACKWELL
Publishers
Copyright © D. K. Fieldhouse 1999
The right of D. K. Fieldhouse to be identified as author of this work has been
asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 1999
2468 10 97531
Blackwell Publishers Ltd
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Oxford 0X4 1JF
UK
Blackwell Publishers Inc.
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Malden, Massachusetts 02148
USA
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes
of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
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Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition
that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or
otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding
or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition
including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fieldhouse, D. K. (David Kenneth); 1925-
The West and the Third World: trade, colonialism, dependence and
development/D. K. Fieldhouse.
, p. cm. — (History of the contemporary world)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-631-19438-X (alk. paper). - ISBN 0-631-19439-8 (alk.
paper)
1. International economic relations. 2. OECD countries — Foreign
economic relations — Developing countries. 3. Developing countries —
Foreign economic relations - OECD countries. 4. Developing
countries - Economic conditions. 5. International trade.
6. Imperialism. 7. Decolonization. I. Title. II. Series.
HF1359.F536 1999
337 - dc21 98-34507
CIP
Typeset in 10^ on 12 pt Bembo
by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India
Printed in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin,-. Cornwall
This book is printed on acid-free paper
AP13 '99
For Howard Johnson
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Tables x
Abbreviations xi
Note on the text xiii
Introduction 1
Part I The Debate over an Integrated World System
1 The Optimists 9
2 The Pessimists 32
Part II Instruments of Empire
3 Imperial Government and the
Development Imperative 71
4 Imperial Economies and Third World
Development 91
Part III Trade, Colonialism and Development
5 Trade and Development in the Settler Societies 127
6 The Concept of a Colonial Economy 164
7 The Colonial Economy in Practice:
187
Trade and Development in India and Ghana
viii CONTENTS
Part IV After Colonialism: The New International System
8 Aid and Development 225
9 The Multinational Corporation and
Development 254
10 Trade and Development after 1950:
Black Africa and India 287
11 Trade and Development after 1950:
East and South-east Asia 315
12 Some Conclusions 348
Select Bibliography 356
Index 369
Acknowledgements
I have been helped by many people, notably Dr John Lonsdale, who
vetted my interpretation of the book he wrote joindy with Professor
Berman, Unhappy Valley, and which is central to the argument of
my chapter 6; by Professor Forbes Munro, who read the whole book
in draft and made many helpful suggestions, most of which I have
attempted to incorporate; and by Drs Hal Hill and Heather Smith of
the Australian National University, who read and commented on an
earlier draft of chapter 11. I am most grateful to Hilary Walford for her
expert editing of the typescript. The Research School of Social Sciences,
Australian National University, gave me a visiting fellowship and
excellent facilities for revising the book between January and April 1998;
and Jesus College, Cambridge, was throughout my academic sheet
anchor. My wife, Sheila, as always, has been a tolerating partner.
D. K. F.
Cambridge, 1998
Tables
7.1 Indices of import and export prices and the terms of
trade of the Gold Coast/Ghana, 1900-1960 202
7.2 Indices of the wholesale price of meat and fish and of
wool in Britain, 1913-1933 and 1930-1950 203
7.3 Concentration of exports, Gold Coast and New Zealand,
1911 and 1956 206
8.1 Total resource flows to developing countries, 1970-1988 237
9.1 Estimated stock of accumulated foreign direct investment,
by country of origin, 1914-1978 257
9.2 Estimated stock of accumulated foreign direct investment,
by recipient country or area, 1914-1978 259
Abbreviations
ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific (states)
AID Agency for International Development
BKPM Capital Investment Coordinating Board (Indonesian)
CD Colonial Development Act 1929
CD&W Colonial Development and Welfare Act 1940
CFA African Colonial Franc
cif cost—insurance—freight
CMB Cocoa Marketing Board
CSES Colonial Sterling Exchange Standard
DAC Development Assistance Committee (of OECD)
DFI direct foreign investment
EC European Community
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America
EEC European Economic Community
EFF Extended Fund Facility
ERP effective rate of protection
ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (of UN)
FDI foreign direct investment
FIDES Fonds d’Investissement pour le Developpement fcconomique
et Social
FM French metropolitan franc
fob free on board
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDCF gross domestic capital formation