Were the Antes Eastern Slavs?

484 Pages·2012·25.48 MB·English

HARVARD
UKRAINIAN STUDIES
EUCHARISTERION:
Essays presented to
OMELJAN PRITSAK
on his Sixtieth Birthday
by his Colleagues and Students
Edited by
IHOR EVCENK0 and FRANK E. SYSYN
with the assistance of
Uliana M. Pasicznyk
Volume III/IV 1979-1980
Part 2
UkrainianResearch Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Thepublication of this volume has beensubsidized by the
Ukrainian Studies Fund, Inc.
Copyright 1980, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
Allrights reserved
ISSN 0363-5570
Published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University,
Cambridge,Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Printed by the Harvard University Printing Office
Typography by Brevis Press, Cheshire, Conn.
CONTENTS
Part 1
Tabula Gratulatoria iii
Preface, by Ihor evenko xiii
LubomyrA. Hajda, "OmeijanPritsak:A BiographicalSketch" 1
Lubomyr A. Hajda, "The Bibliography of Omeijan Pritsak" 7
ARTICLES
Moshé Altbauer, "0 tendencjach dehebraizacji leksyki karaim
skiej i ich wynikachw Stownikukaraimsko-rosyjsko-polskim" 51
Louis Bazin, "Antiquité méconnue du titre d’ataman?" 61
Alexandre BennigsenandMihnea Berindei, "Astrakhan etla poli
tique des steppes nord pontiques 1587-1588" 71
Bohdan R. Bociurkiw, "Ukrainization Movements within the
Russian Orthodox Church, and the Ukrainian Autocephalous
Orthodox Church" 92
A.J.E. Bodrogligeti, "The Tribulations of‘All’s Assassin: A Six
teenth-Century ShiitePoem inAzeriTurkicbyKhiyãliBeg" 112
Kathleen R. F. Burrill, "ANineteenth-CenturyMasterofTurkish
Literature:Notes onRecaizade MahmutEkrem1847-1914 and
His Literature Course" 124
CONTENTS
Francis Woodman Cleaves, "The Biography ofthe EmpressCabi
in the Yuan shih" 138
Robert Dankoff, "Three Turkic Verse Cycles Relating to Inner
Asian Warfare" 151
Yaroslav Dashkevych, "Armenians in theUkraine at theTime of
Hetman Bohdan Xmel’nyc’kyj 1648-1657" 166
Gerhard Doerfer, "Oghusische Lehnwörter im Chaladsch" 189
Vladimir Drimba, "Quelques mots comans précisés par leurs
gloses allemandes" 205
AlanFisher, "TheOttoman Crimea inthe Mid-SeventeenthCen
tury: Some Problems and Preliminary Considerations" 215
Barbara Flemming, "Drei tUrkische Chronisten imosmanischen
Kairo" 227
Joseph Fletcher, "Turco-Mongolian Monarchic Tradition in the
Ottoman Empire" 236
Richard N. Frye, "Area! Religions-a Sassanian Example?" 252
Annemarie von Gabain, "Von Kuéa Kuan nach Bamiyan, eine
kulturhistorische Studie" 258
Józef Andrzej Gierowski, "Centralization and Autonomy in the
Polish-Saxon Union" 271
Aleksander Gieysztor, "Time and Historical Consciousness in
Medieval Poland" 285
Peter B. Golden, "The Polovci Dikii" 296
Oleg Grabar and Renata Holod, "A Tenth-Century Source for
Architecture" 310
CONTENTS
George G. Grabowicz, "The Nexus of the Wake: evéenko’s
Trizna" 320
Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, "Lviv Manuscript Collections and
Their Fate" 348
Tibor Halasi-Kun, "Evliya celebi as Linguist" 376
Shirô Hattori, "ThePlaceofTataramongtheTurkicLanguages" 383
Walther Heissig, "A Note on the Custom of Seterlekü" 394
Patricia Herlihy, "Greek Merchants in Odessa inthe Nineteenth
Century" 399
Olexa Horbatsch, "Turksprachige Lehnwörter im Dialekt der
Donec’ker Asow- Griechen in der Ukraine" 421
Halil Inalcik, "The Khanand theTribal Aristocracy: TheCrimean
Khanate under Sahib Giray 1" 445
Gy. Káldy-Nagy, "The Holy War jihãd in the First Centuries
ofthe Ottoman Empire" 467
Edward Kasinec, "Ivan Ohienko Metropolitan Ilarion as Book-
man and BookCollector: The Yearsin theWestern Ukraineand
Poland" 474
Edward L. Keenan, "Kazan’-’The Bend" 484
Part 2
James M. Kelly, "A Closer Look at the Diwãn al-Adab" 497
Zenon E. Kohut, "A Gentry Democracy within an Autocracy:
The Politics of Hryhorii Poletyka 1723/25-1784" 507
CONTENTS
Natalie Kononenko-Moyle, "Homer, Milton, and Aik Veysel:
The Legend of the Blind Bard" 520
Miroslav Labunka, "The Report of an Audience with Maria
Theresa" 530
MichalLesiów, "BMacHiiMeHaI1}oeui ByKpaiHcbKHx 3ara,LlKax" 541
Ilse Lichtenstadter, "History in Poetic Garb in Ancient Arabic
Literature" 559
Albert B. Lord, "TheOpeningScenes ofthe Dumy onHolotaand
Andyber: A Study in the Technique of Oral Traditional Narra
tive" 569
Horace G. Lunt, "On Akanje and Linguistic Theory" 595
Paul R. Magocsi, "Vienna asa Resource for Ukrainian Studies:
With Special Reference to Galicia" 609
Jaroslaw Padoch, "Apxeo.rior IBaH BopxoBcbKHfi: ocn1rHHK
Hpa3blcoro KopoJliacbKoro 3aMIcy" 627
Jaroslaw Pelenski, "The Sack of Kiev of 1482in Contemporary
Muscovite Chronicle Writing" 638
Riccardo Picchio, "The Slavonic and Latino-Germanic Back
ground of the Novgorod Texts on Birch Bark" 650
Mark Pinson, "From the Danube to the Crimea and Back: The
Bulgarian Migration of 1861-1862in Recent Bulgarian Histori
ography" 662
Richard Pipes, "Peter Struve and Ukrainian Nationalism" 675
Andrzej Poppe, "OntheTitle ofGrand Princeinthe TaleofIhor’s
Campaign" 684
Ivan L. Rudnytsky, "Franciszek Duchiñski and His Impact on
Ukrainian Political Thought" 690
CONTENTS
Annemarie Schimmel, "Some Reflections onYunusEmre’s Teker
leme" 706
Ihor evóenko, "Constantinople Viewed from the Eastern Prov
inces in the Middle Byzantine Period" 712
Engin Sezer, "On Reflexivization in Turkish" 748
George Y. Shevelov, "BepeMiR: 3 icTopu yIcpaiHcbKo-6rnopycb-
KHX MOBHHX 3B’!3KiB" 760
Denis Sinor, "Samoyed and Ugric Elements in Old Turkic" 768
JaroslavStetkevych, "The ArabicQasidah:From FormandCon
tent to Mood and Meaning" 774
Bohdan Strumins’kyj, "Were the Antes Eastern Slays?" 786
Maria Eva Subtelny, "All Shir Navã’i: Bakhshi and Beg" 797
Orest Subtelny, "The Ukrainian-Crimean Treaty of 1711" 808
Victor Swoboda, "Ukrainian in the Slavic Element of Yiddish
Vocabulary" 818
Frank E. Sysyn, "Adam Kysil andtheSynodsof1629:AnAttempt
at Orthodox-UniateAccommodation in the ReignofSigismund
III" 826
Roman Szporluk, "Kiev as the Ukraine’s Primate City" 843
GönUl Alpay Tekin, "Timur Devrine ait iki Ttirkce $iir [Two
Turkish Poems of the Timur Period]" 850
inasi Tekin, "A Qarabanid Document of A.D. 1121 A.H. 515
from Yarkand" 868
Robert W. Thomson, "Armenian Variations on the Bahira Leg
end" 884
CONTENTS
Edward Tryjarski, "An Armeno-Kipchak Version of the Lord’s
Prayer" 896
A. deVincenz, "ZurEtymologieinAnthroponymie: DerFamilien
name Petljura" 902
Daniel ClarkeWaugh, "IoannikiiGaliatovs’kyi’s Polemics against
Islam and Their Muscovite Translations" 908
Wiktor Weintraub, "Renaissance Poland and Antemurale Chris
tianitalis" 920
George H. Williams, "Francis Stancaro’s Schismatic Reformed
Church, Centered in Dubets’ko in Ruthenia, 1559/61-1570" 931
ZbigniewWójcik, "The Early PeriodofPavlo Teterja’s Hetmancy
in the Right-Bank Ukraine 1661-1663" 958
A Closer Look at the Diwán al-Adab
JAMES M. KELLY
Many medievalIslamicauthors borrowedmaterialsfrom theirpredeces
sors and incorporated them into their own works without making any
acknowledgment of their debt. This was a standard practice, andit was
not considered particularly dishonest or disgraceful. One result of the
custom,however,isthat itis often impossibleto ascertainthe source ofa
given work, except by comparison with earlier works ofthe samegenre.
Detective investigations for such information are therefore common in
this field. One suchcase wasthe discoveryby G. Bergstrasserin 1921that
the modelused by Ka’yariforhis Turkiclexicon,the Diwãnluyãtat-turk
"Compendium oftheTurkicDialects",wastheDiwãn al-adab "Com
pendium of Learning" of Frãbi.’ The discoveryresulted from a com
parison of the respective arrangements of the two works. However,
FArAbI’s work also served as the partial model for the $i/ah "The
Authentic" of JauharI, and hence also originated an entire school of
Arabic lexicography.
It is noteworthy that all three authors mentioned above did most of
their work in the Eastern Islamic world and not in the nucleus of the
empire, Baghdad.Thisisnotasstrangeasitmayatfirstappear,becauseit
is to be expected that those Muslims to whom Arabic was not native
would bethemost likelyto approachitfromascientificpoint ofviewand
to attempt tosystematize it. A supportivefactorwasthe longtraditionof
scientific and literaryactivity in thispart ofthe world,withitsnumerous
centers of learning which continued to exist into the medieval period.
Currents fromGreece,Persia, Byzantium,India, CentralAsia,andChina
intermingled in this area, givingrise tomultifariousideas andinfluences
in all facets of intellectual endeavors.
The aimofthispaperisto lookatthe Diwãnal-adab ofFãräbifromthe
G. Bergstrasser,"Das Vorbildvon KSlyari’sdiwãnlugat at-turk,"Orientalistische
Li:eraturzeitung24 1921: 154-55.
498 JAMES M. KELLY
aspect of structure and to make a more complete assessment of its
influence on the works of JauharI and KA’yarI.
The full title of the Diwãn is theDiwän al-adabfibaydnluyaa!-‘arab,
or "CompendiumofLearning in Explainingthe Languageofthe Arabs,"
written by AbUIbrahim Isaq ibnIbrahim al-Farabi d. 350/961.2 The
manuscriptexistsin asingle copycompleted inJumãdaal-üla,668/1269,
by al-Ijajji ibn a1-usayn folio 369. Theworkitselfseemstohave been
written for a certain "Atsiz, King of Khwarizm."4
The Diwãn has several innovative features differentiating it from
earlierlexicographical works,someofwhichwereadoptedin laterlexico
graphical works. First, let us note that Farãbi rejected the arrangement
devised byal-KhalilibnAbmad d. 175/791inhisworktheKitãbal-’ayn
"Book of the ‘Ayn".5 The latter was named after the first letter of
Khalil’s ownalphabetical arrangement, in which the order ofphonemes
was based upon the points of articulation.6 In addition, Khalil had
arrangedhis entriesaround all possiblepermutations ofeachroot, classi
fyingthemintowordswhichwere"inuse"Ar. musta’mal andthose"not
in use"Ar. muhmal. Words "notinuse"alsoincluded rootswhich,for
phonological reasons, were impossibletoform.Khalil’sarrangementwas
called the"Anagrammatical Arrangement"Ar. tartibal-taqlib Aschool
.
which formedaround the method lasted until the Mui!ikam "The Mas
terly" of ibn Sida d. 458/1066 and then gave way to the Rhyme Ar
rangement Ar. tartib al-qaJIyya which FArabI was to originate.7
The Rhyme ArrangementwasFãrAbi’smostimportantandlong-lasting
influence onArabiclexicography. Itconsisted ofarrangingrootsaccord
ing to theirfinal radical, followed by the first radical, the second, andso
on. Thusa wordcould orderthe radicalsinthe followingmanner: 3-1-2,
4-1-2-3, etc. This ordering has given riseto anumber of theories which
do not concernus here. Sufficeitto saythat the arrangementbecame the
2 OnFarãbi, seeJorgKraemer, "StudienzuraltarabischenLexikographie,"Oriens6
1953: 212. Hishonorific indicateshecamefromFãrAb,laterOtrar, whichis located
onthe SyrDarya. Alldatesare givenaccordingtoboththe Muslim orHijraand the
Christian calendar.
3 Itis locatedintheBodleianLibrary, MS Pococke227.Thefolionumbersaregiven
in parentheses.
Clement Huart,AHistoryofArabicLiterature Beirut, 1966,p.157.Icanfindno
other referenceto support this statement.
On al-Khalil ibn Abmad, seeJohnA. Haywood, Arabic Lexicography Leiden,
1960, pp. 20-40; and Abdullah Darwil, Al-Ma’djim Al-’arabiyya Cairo, 1956,
pp. 2-9, 17-18.
6 Haywood, Lexicography, p. 37, postulates Indian influence here, but Darwit,
Ma’ajim, p. 4, denies this.
Onal-Khalil’s school, see Haywood, Lexicography, pp. 41-67.