Table Of Content

AWS WHB-3 96 0784265 0506551 108 EIGHTH EDITION c Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 96 0506552 0784265 044 WELDING HANDBOOK Eighth Edition Volume 3 - MATERIALS A N D APPLICATIONS PART I Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 ~~ AWS WHB-3 m 050b553 TBO m 96 0784265 The Four Volumes of the Welding Handbook, Eighth Edition 1) WELDING TECHNOLOGY 2) WELDING PROCESSES - 3) MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PART 1 - 4) MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PART 2 Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 96 m 917 m 0784265 0506554 WELDING HANDBOOK Eighth Edition Volume 3 MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PART I William R. Oates Editor AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY 550 N.W. LEJEUNE ROAD MIAMI, FL 33126 Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 ~ = = AWS WHB-3 9b 0784265 050b555 853 Library of Congress Number: 96-083169 International Standard Book Number: 0-871 71 -470-1 American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 0 1996 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved. THE WELDING HANDBOOK is a collective effort of many volunteer technical specialists to provide information to assist with the design and application of welding and allied processes. Reasonable care is taken in the compilation and publication of the Welding Handbook to insure authenticity of the contents. However, no representation is made as to the accuracy or reliability of this information, and an independent, substantiating investigation should be undertaken by any user. The information contained in the Welding Handbook shall not be construed as a grant of any right of manufacture, sale, use, or reproduction in connection with any method, process, apparatus, product, composition, or system, which is covered by patent, copyright, or trademark. Also, it shall not be construed as a defense against any liability for such infringement. Whether or not use of any information in the Handbook would result in an infringement of any patent, copyright, or trademark is a determination to be made by the user. Printed in the United States of America Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 76 0784265 0506556 79T H WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE ................................................................................. ix PREFACE .......................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1. ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS ............................... 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 2 SAFE PRACTICES ..................................................................................... 28 ARC WELDING ....................................................................................... 30 STUD WELDING ...................................................................................... 52 ELECTRON BEAM WELDING ........................................................................... 64 LASER BEAM WELDING ............................................................................... 71 RESISTANCE WELD I NG ............................................................................... 72 SOLID-STATE WELDING ............................................................................... 80 OXYFUEL GAS WELDING .............................................................................. 81 WELDING ALUMINUM CASTINGS ...................................................................... 83 RAZl NG ............................................................................................ B 85 S 0 LD ER IN G .......................................................................................... 90 ADHESIVE BONDING. ................................................................................. 95 JOINING TO OTHER METALS ........................................................................... 97 ARC CUTTING ........................................................................................ 98 PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF WELDMENTS ...................................................... 100 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 111 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 117 ~~ CHAPTER 2. MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS ........................... 121 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 122 ALLOYS .............................................................................................. 123 SURFACE PREPARATION .............................................................................. 129 ARC WELDING ....................................................................................... 130 RESISTANCE WELDING ............................................................................... 145 OXYFUEL GAS WELDING .............................................................................. 152 OTHER WELDING PROCESSES ......................................................................... 152 BRAZING ............................................................................................ 154 SOLDERING .......................................................................................... 155 PLASMA ARC CUTTING ............................................................................... 156 SAFE PRACTICES ..................................................................................... 157 APPLICATIONS ...... ......................................................................... 158 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 162 Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 ~~ ~ AWS WHB-3 M 07842b.5 050b557 626 96 CONTENTS CHAPTER 3. COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS .......................................... 163 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 164 ALLOYS ............................................................................................. 164 JOINING PROCESS SELECTION ........................................................................ 172 WELDING ........................................................................................... 175 BRAZING ............................................................................................ 197 SOLDERING ......................................................................................... 204 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 208 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ...................................................................... 215 CHAPTER 4. NICKEL AND COBALT ALLOYS ........................................... 217 INTRODUCTION ............................... .................................................... 218 METAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................ 219 ALLOY GROUPS ...................................................................................... 224 S U RFACE P R EP ARATIO N .............................................................................. 229 ARC WELDING .............................. ...................................................... 230 DISSIMILAR METALS ................................................................................. 250 OXYACETYLENE WELDING ............................................................................ 264 RESI S TA NC E WELD IN G ............................................................................... 265 ELECTRON BEAM WELDING ........................................................................... 271 LASER BEAM WELDING ............................................................................... 272 FABRICATION FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE ....................................................... 272 B RAZl NG ............................................................................................ 276 SOLDERING ......................................................................................... 279 THERMAL CUTTING .................................................................................. 280 SAFE PRACTICES ..................................................................................... 281 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 282 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ...................................................................... 287 CHAPTER 5. LEAD AND ZINC ............................................................... 289 WELDING AND SOLDERING OF LEAD ................................................................... 290 WELDING AND SOLDERING OFZINC ................................................................... 304 SAFETY AND HEALTH ................................................................................. 311 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 312 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ...................................................................... 316 CHAPTER 6. PLASTICS ........................................................................ 319 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 320 WELDING METHODS FOR THERMOPLASTICS ........................................................... 321 WELD QUALITY ASSESSMENT ......................................................................... 344 vi Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 5b2 96 0784265 0506558 CONTENTS HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES .......................................................................... 346 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 347 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 350 CHAPTER 7. COMPOSITES ................................................................... 353 WELDING OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITES. ................................................................ 354 APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITES ............................................................ 364 WELDING OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES ............................................................. 365 APPLICATIONS OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES ........................................................ 385 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES .......................................................................... 386 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 387 CHAPTER 8. CERAMICS ....................................................................... 389 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 390 CERAMIC MATERIALS ..................................................... ......................... 391 JOINING PROCESSES ................................................................................. 394 SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................ 409 INDUSTRY NEEDS ..................... ............................................................ 410 APPLICATIONS ................ .................................................................... 411 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 415 CHAPTER 9. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WELDING ............................. 417 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 418 A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WELDING .................................... 419 APP LI CAT1 0 NS ....................................................................................... 430 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 444 CHAPTER 10. UNDERWATER WELDING AND CUTTING ........................... 445 IN TRO D UCTlO N ...................................................................................... 446 SAFETY IN UNDERWATER WELDING AND CUTTING ...................................................... 449 UNDERWATER WELDING .............................................................................. 453 UNDERWATER WELDING SPECIFICATIONS ...... ..................................................... 485 UN 0 E RW AT E R IN S PE C T I0 N ........................................................................... 487 UNDERWATER THERMAL CUTTING ..................................................................... 489 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 495 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 499 ~ ~~ WELDING HANDBOOK INDEX OF MAJOR SUBJECTS ............................. 501 INDEX ................................................................................................ 513 vii Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 96 m 0784265 050b559 4T9 WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE May 31,1992 C. W Case, Chairman lnco Alloys International 0.R . Amos, 7st Ilice Chairman Westinghouse Turbine Plant B. R. Somers, 2nd Vice Chairman Consuttant W R, Dates, Secretary American Welding Society J. R. Condra E. I. duPontde Nemours and Company J, G. Feldstein Teledyne McKay J. M. Gerken Consultant K. F: Graff Edison Welding Institute L. Heckendorn Consultant J. C. Papritan Ohio state University P 1. Temple Detroit Edison M. J, Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated R. M. Walkosak Westinghouse Electric Corporation WELDING HANDBOOK COMMllTEE May 31,1993 B. R. Somers, Chairman Lehigh University W R. Dates, Secretary American Welding Sociely H. R. Castner Edison Welding Institute J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporaion J. M. Gerken Consultant L. Heckendorn Consultant S. D. Kiser lnco Alloys International J. Papritan Ohio State University C. F! 1. Temple Detroit Edison M. J. Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated R. M. Walkosak Westinghouse Electric Corporation ix Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat Jul 05 10:32:12 1997 = AWS WHB-3 96 078L1265 0506560 110 WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE May 31,1994 B. R. Somers, Chairman Lehigh University t? 1. Temple, 1st Vice Chairman Detroit Edison R. M.W alkosak, 2nd Vice Chairman Westinghouse Electric Corporation W R. Uates, Secretary American Welding Society H. R. Castner Edison Welding Institute J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation J. M. Gerken Consultant L. Heckendorn lntech R&D, USA S. D. Kiser lnco Alloys International J. C. Papritan Ohio State University M. J. Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE May 31,1995 B. R. Somers, Chairman Lehigh University t? 1. Temple, 1st Wce Chairman Detroit Edison R. M.W alkosak, 2nd Vice Chairman Westinghouse Electric Corporation W R. Oates, Secretary American Welding Society B. J. Bastian Benmar Associates H. R. Castner Edison Welding lnstihrte 0. J. Corrigall Miller Electric Company J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation J. M. Gerken Consultant L. Heckendorn lntech R&D, USA S. 0. Kiser lnco Alloys International J. C. Papritan Ohio State Universi 0. Rypien American Bureau of Shipping G! R. t? Schuster Hamischfeger Industries, Inc. M. J. Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated L. Tsai Ohio University C. State Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997

Description:
Chapter 1, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys; Chapter 2, Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys; Chapter 3, Copper and Copper Alloys; Chapter 4, Nickel and Cobalt Alloys; Chapter 5, Lead and Zinc; Chapter 6, Plastics; Chapter 7, Composites; Chapter 8, Ceramics; Chapter 9, Maintenance and Repair Welding; Chapter
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Welding Handbook: Materials and applications VOLUME 3 8th edition PDF

533 Pages·2001·24.05 MB·English
by  W. R. Oates
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Preview Welding Handbook: Materials and applications VOLUME 3 8th edition

AWS WHB-3 96 0784265 0506551 108 EIGHTH EDITION c Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 96 0506552 0784265 044 WELDING HANDBOOK Eighth Edition Volume 3 - MATERIALS A N D APPLICATIONS PART I Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 ~~ AWS WHB-3 m 050b553 TBO m 96 0784265 The Four Volumes of the Welding Handbook, Eighth Edition 1) WELDING TECHNOLOGY 2) WELDING PROCESSES - 3) MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PART 1 - 4) MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PART 2 Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 96 m 917 m 0784265 0506554 WELDING HANDBOOK Eighth Edition Volume 3 MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS PART I William R. Oates Editor AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY 550 N.W. LEJEUNE ROAD MIAMI, FL 33126 Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 ~ = = AWS WHB-3 9b 0784265 050b555 853 Library of Congress Number: 96-083169 International Standard Book Number: 0-871 71 -470-1 American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 0 1996 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved. THE WELDING HANDBOOK is a collective effort of many volunteer technical specialists to provide information to assist with the design and application of welding and allied processes. Reasonable care is taken in the compilation and publication of the Welding Handbook to insure authenticity of the contents. However, no representation is made as to the accuracy or reliability of this information, and an independent, substantiating investigation should be undertaken by any user. The information contained in the Welding Handbook shall not be construed as a grant of any right of manufacture, sale, use, or reproduction in connection with any method, process, apparatus, product, composition, or system, which is covered by patent, copyright, or trademark. Also, it shall not be construed as a defense against any liability for such infringement. Whether or not use of any information in the Handbook would result in an infringement of any patent, copyright, or trademark is a determination to be made by the user. Printed in the United States of America Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 76 0784265 0506556 79T H WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE ................................................................................. ix PREFACE .......................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1. ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS ............................... 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 2 SAFE PRACTICES ..................................................................................... 28 ARC WELDING ....................................................................................... 30 STUD WELDING ...................................................................................... 52 ELECTRON BEAM WELDING ........................................................................... 64 LASER BEAM WELDING ............................................................................... 71 RESISTANCE WELD I NG ............................................................................... 72 SOLID-STATE WELDING ............................................................................... 80 OXYFUEL GAS WELDING .............................................................................. 81 WELDING ALUMINUM CASTINGS ...................................................................... 83 RAZl NG ............................................................................................ B 85 S 0 LD ER IN G .......................................................................................... 90 ADHESIVE BONDING. ................................................................................. 95 JOINING TO OTHER METALS ........................................................................... 97 ARC CUTTING ........................................................................................ 98 PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF WELDMENTS ...................................................... 100 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 111 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 117 ~~ CHAPTER 2. MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS ........................... 121 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 122 ALLOYS .............................................................................................. 123 SURFACE PREPARATION .............................................................................. 129 ARC WELDING ....................................................................................... 130 RESISTANCE WELDING ............................................................................... 145 OXYFUEL GAS WELDING .............................................................................. 152 OTHER WELDING PROCESSES ......................................................................... 152 BRAZING ............................................................................................ 154 SOLDERING .......................................................................................... 155 PLASMA ARC CUTTING ............................................................................... 156 SAFE PRACTICES ..................................................................................... 157 APPLICATIONS ...... ......................................................................... 158 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 162 Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 ~~ ~ AWS WHB-3 M 07842b.5 050b557 626 96 CONTENTS CHAPTER 3. COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS .......................................... 163 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 164 ALLOYS ............................................................................................. 164 JOINING PROCESS SELECTION ........................................................................ 172 WELDING ........................................................................................... 175 BRAZING ............................................................................................ 197 SOLDERING ......................................................................................... 204 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 208 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ...................................................................... 215 CHAPTER 4. NICKEL AND COBALT ALLOYS ........................................... 217 INTRODUCTION ............................... .................................................... 218 METAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................ 219 ALLOY GROUPS ...................................................................................... 224 S U RFACE P R EP ARATIO N .............................................................................. 229 ARC WELDING .............................. ...................................................... 230 DISSIMILAR METALS ................................................................................. 250 OXYACETYLENE WELDING ............................................................................ 264 RESI S TA NC E WELD IN G ............................................................................... 265 ELECTRON BEAM WELDING ........................................................................... 271 LASER BEAM WELDING ............................................................................... 272 FABRICATION FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE ....................................................... 272 B RAZl NG ............................................................................................ 276 SOLDERING ......................................................................................... 279 THERMAL CUTTING .................................................................................. 280 SAFE PRACTICES ..................................................................................... 281 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 282 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ...................................................................... 287 CHAPTER 5. LEAD AND ZINC ............................................................... 289 WELDING AND SOLDERING OF LEAD ................................................................... 290 WELDING AND SOLDERING OFZINC ................................................................... 304 SAFETY AND HEALTH ................................................................................. 311 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 312 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ...................................................................... 316 CHAPTER 6. PLASTICS ........................................................................ 319 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 320 WELDING METHODS FOR THERMOPLASTICS ........................................................... 321 WELD QUALITY ASSESSMENT ......................................................................... 344 vi Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 5b2 96 0784265 0506558 CONTENTS HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES .......................................................................... 346 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 347 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 350 CHAPTER 7. COMPOSITES ................................................................... 353 WELDING OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITES. ................................................................ 354 APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITES ............................................................ 364 WELDING OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES ............................................................. 365 APPLICATIONS OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES ........................................................ 385 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES .......................................................................... 386 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 387 CHAPTER 8. CERAMICS ....................................................................... 389 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 390 CERAMIC MATERIALS ..................................................... ......................... 391 JOINING PROCESSES ................................................................................. 394 SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................ 409 INDUSTRY NEEDS ..................... ............................................................ 410 APPLICATIONS ................ .................................................................... 411 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 415 CHAPTER 9. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WELDING ............................. 417 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 418 A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WELDING .................................... 419 APP LI CAT1 0 NS ....................................................................................... 430 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 444 CHAPTER 10. UNDERWATER WELDING AND CUTTING ........................... 445 IN TRO D UCTlO N ...................................................................................... 446 SAFETY IN UNDERWATER WELDING AND CUTTING ...................................................... 449 UNDERWATER WELDING .............................................................................. 453 UNDERWATER WELDING SPECIFICATIONS ...... ..................................................... 485 UN 0 E RW AT E R IN S PE C T I0 N ........................................................................... 487 UNDERWATER THERMAL CUTTING ..................................................................... 489 APPLICATIONS ....................................................................................... 495 SUPPLEMENTARY READING LIST ....................................................................... 499 ~ ~~ WELDING HANDBOOK INDEX OF MAJOR SUBJECTS ............................. 501 INDEX ................................................................................................ 513 vii Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997 AWS WHB-3 96 m 0784265 050b559 4T9 WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE May 31,1992 C. W Case, Chairman lnco Alloys International 0.R . Amos, 7st Ilice Chairman Westinghouse Turbine Plant B. R. Somers, 2nd Vice Chairman Consuttant W R, Dates, Secretary American Welding Society J. R. Condra E. I. duPontde Nemours and Company J, G. Feldstein Teledyne McKay J. M. Gerken Consultant K. F: Graff Edison Welding Institute L. Heckendorn Consultant J. C. Papritan Ohio state University P 1. Temple Detroit Edison M. J, Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated R. M. Walkosak Westinghouse Electric Corporation WELDING HANDBOOK COMMllTEE May 31,1993 B. R. Somers, Chairman Lehigh University W R. Dates, Secretary American Welding Sociely H. R. Castner Edison Welding Institute J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporaion J. M. Gerken Consultant L. Heckendorn Consultant S. D. Kiser lnco Alloys International J. Papritan Ohio State University C. F! 1. Temple Detroit Edison M. J. Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated R. M. Walkosak Westinghouse Electric Corporation ix Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat Jul 05 10:32:12 1997 = AWS WHB-3 96 078L1265 0506560 110 WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE May 31,1994 B. R. Somers, Chairman Lehigh University t? 1. Temple, 1st Vice Chairman Detroit Edison R. M.W alkosak, 2nd Vice Chairman Westinghouse Electric Corporation W R. Uates, Secretary American Welding Society H. R. Castner Edison Welding Institute J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation J. M. Gerken Consultant L. Heckendorn lntech R&D, USA S. D. Kiser lnco Alloys International J. C. Papritan Ohio State University M. J. Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated WELDING HANDBOOK COMMITTEE May 31,1995 B. R. Somers, Chairman Lehigh University t? 1. Temple, 1st Wce Chairman Detroit Edison R. M.W alkosak, 2nd Vice Chairman Westinghouse Electric Corporation W R. Oates, Secretary American Welding Society B. J. Bastian Benmar Associates H. R. Castner Edison Welding lnstihrte 0. J. Corrigall Miller Electric Company J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation J. M. Gerken Consultant L. Heckendorn lntech R&D, USA S. 0. Kiser lnco Alloys International J. C. Papritan Ohio State Universi 0. Rypien American Bureau of Shipping G! R. t? Schuster Hamischfeger Industries, Inc. M. J. Tomsic Plastronic, Incorporated L. Tsai Ohio University C. State Copyright by the American Welding Society Inc Sat JUI a5 1a:32:12 1997

Description:
Chapter 1, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys; Chapter 2, Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys; Chapter 3, Copper and Copper Alloys; Chapter 4, Nickel and Cobalt Alloys; Chapter 5, Lead and Zinc; Chapter 6, Plastics; Chapter 7, Composites; Chapter 8, Ceramics; Chapter 9, Maintenance and Repair Welding; Chapter
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