Wearable Android: Android Wear and Google FIT App Development

283 Pages·2015·37.61 MB·English

by  Sanjay M. Mishra

Wearable android™

Wearable android™
android Wear & Google Fit app
development
Sanjay M. MiShra
Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data:
Mishra, Sanjay.
Wearable Android™ : Android wear & Google Fit app development / Sanjay M. Mishra.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-119-05110-7 (pbk.)
1. Wearable computers. 2. Mobile apps. I. Title.
QA76.592.M57 2015
004.167–dc23
2015011300
Cover Image courtesy of iStockphoto © ava09
Set in 10/12pt Times by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2015
Contents
About the Author xv
About This Book xvii
Acknowledgments xxiii
Part I Wearable Computing: Introduction and Background 1
1 Wearables: Introduction 3
1.1 Wearable Computing 3
1.2 Wearable Computers and Technology 3
1.3 “Wearables” 4
1.4 The word: “Wearables” 4
1.5 Wearables and Smartphones 5
1.6 Wearable Light, Glanceable Interactions 5
1.7 Smartphone Dependency, Inconveniences 5
1.8 Wearable Interaction 6
1.9 User’s Real‐world Context 6
1.10 Variety of Wearable Devices 6
1.10.1 Smart Watches 6
1.10.2 Fitness Sensors 7
1.10.3 Smart Jewelry 7
vi Contents
1.11 Android Wear and Google Fit 7
1.11.1 Device / Hardware Purchases 7
References and Further Reading 8
2 Wearable Computing Background and Theory 9
2.1 Wearable Computing History 9
2.1.1 Wearable Computing Pioneers 10
2.1.2 Academic Research at Various Universities 11
2.2 Internet of Things (IoT) and Wearables 11
2.2.1 Machine to Machine (M2M) 13
2.3 Wearables’ Mass Market Enablers 13
2.3.1 “ARM‐ed” revolution 14
2.3.1.1 ARM alternatives 14
2.3.2 System on Chip (SoC) 14
2.3.3 Human Dependence on Computing 15
2.3.4 Smartphone extensions 15
2.3.5 Sensors 15
2.3.5.1 Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Sensors 16
2.4 Human–Computer Interface and Human–Computer Relationship 16
2.4.1 Human–Computer Interface: over the years 16
2.4.2 Human Computer Interaction (HCI): Demand and Suggest 17
2.4.2.1 Demand Paradigm 17
2.4.2.2 Suggest Paradigm 18
2.4.2.3 Demand or Suggest? 18
2.4.2.4 Demand and Suggest: A Healthy Balance 18
2.4.3 Evolution of the Human–Computer Relationship 18
2.5 A Multi‐Device World 19
2.5.1 Spatial Scope of Computing: Devices near and Devices far 19
2.5.2 Body Area Network (BAN) 19
2.5.3 Personal Area Network (PAN) 20
2.5.4 Home Area Network (HAN) 21
2.5.5 Automobile Network 21
2.5.5.1 Controller Area Network (CAN) 21
2.5.6 Near‐Me Area Network (NAN) 21
2.5.7 Campus Area Network 22
2.5.8 Metro Area Network 22
2.5.9 Wide Area Network 22
2.5.10 Internet 22
2.5.11 Interplanetary Network 23
2.6 Ubiquitous Computing 23
2.7 Collective, Synergistic Computing Value 23
2.7.1 Importance of the User Centricity and the User Context 23
2.7.2 Distributed Intelligent Personal Assistant 24
2.8 Bright and Cloudy: Cloud‐based Intelligent Personal Agent 24
2.8.1 Google / Cloud‐Based Intelligent Personal Agent 24
Contents vii
2.9 Leveraging Computer Vision 25
2.9.1 Enhanced Computer Vision / Subtle Change Amplification 25
2.10 IoT and Wearables: Unnatural and over the top? 26
2.10.1 Human History of Tool Use and Computation 27
2.10.2 Communication Networks in Nature 27
2.10.3 Consumption of Power: by computational systems,
biological and artificial 28
2.11 Security and Privacy Issues 28
2.11.1 Use Awareness and complete end‐to‐end Transparency 29
2.11.2 User Control and Choice 30
2.11.3 User Access to Collected Data and Erasure capability 30
2.11.4 Device side, transit, and cloud side protection:
Data Anonymization 30
2.11.5 Practical Considerations: User Centricity 30
2.11.5.1 OpenID 31
2.12 Miscellaneous 31
2.12.1 PhoneBloks: Waste Reduction 31
2.12.1.1 Project “Ara” 31
2.12.2 Google Cardboard: inexpensive Virtual Reality 32
References and Further Reading 32
Part II Foundation Android 35
3 Android Fundamentals / Hello Lollipop 37
3.1 Android: Introduction 37
3.2 Linux: “*nix” or Unix‐like OS 38
3.2.1 Unix 38
3.2.2 Open Source 39
3.2.3 GNU / Free Software Foundation 39
3.2.3.1 Free as in Freedom: GNU Public License 40
3.2.4 Apache Software Foundation: Apache Software License 41
3.3 Linux: yesterday and today 41
3.4 Unix System Architecture 41
3.4.1 Unix Processes 42
3.4.1.1 Linux Processes 42
3.4.1.2 Android Processes 42
3.4.1.3 Process Tree 42
3.4.1.4 Unix Interprocess Communication (IPC) 43
3.4.1.5 Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) 44
3.4.2 Unix Kernel 44
3.4.2.1 Linux Kernel 44
3.5 Java 44
3.5.1 Java Origins 45
3.5.2 Java Platform: Language, JVM 45
viii Contents
3.5.3 Java memory: Heap, Stack, and native 45
3.5.4 Security Policy: Permissions 46
3.6 Apache Harmony 46
3.7 Android OS and platform 47
3.7.1 Android Kernel 47
3.7.2 Android Open Source Project (AOSP) 50
3.7.2.1 Android Framework 50
3.7.3 Android Development 50
3.7.3.1 Android SDK 51
3.7.3.2 Android NDK 51
3.7.4 Android Runtime Environment 51
3.7.4.1 Dalvik Virtual Machine 52
3.7.4.2 ART (Android Runtime) 52
3.7.4.3 Zygote 52
3.7.4.4 System Server: Android System Services 53
3.7.5 Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL) 53
3.8 Setting up your Android Development Environment 54
3.8.1 Installing Java SDK version 7 (JDK 1.7)
from Sun Microsystems / Oracle 54
3.8.2 Installing Android SDK from Google 56
3.8.3 Installing Build Tools (gradle and ant) 63
3.8.4 Setting up environment variables
(Java, Android SDK, gradle and ant) 63
3.8.5 Android (Lollipop) Development Device setup 64
3.8.5.1 Creating a new Android project (classic / ant) 65
3.8.5.2 Creating a new Android project (new / gradle) 71
3.8.6 Installing Android Studio “IDE” 72
3.8.7 Android Studio: Hello World App 76
3.8.8 Configuring Android Studio 81
3.9 Android “Classic” project tree and build system 82
3.10 Android “New” Build System 82
3.11 Managing Java Installations 83
3.11.1 Avoid sudo apt‐get / rpm style installation 83
3.11.2 Maintain discrete Java JDK versions 83
3.11.3 Set JAVA_HOME in your .profile 84
3.11.4 Project‐wise JAVA_HOME 84
3.11.5 IDE independent build 84
3.12 Managing Android SDK installation and updates 84
3.12.1 Update your Android SDK often 84
3.12.2 Target your App to the latest SDK / API level 85
3.12.3 Be sure to specify a minimum SDK / API
level for your App 85
3.13 Code Samples: Android Lollipop 85
References and Further Reading 85