Wave Instabilities in Space Plasmas: Proceedings of a Symposium Organized within the XIXth URSI General Assembly Held in Helsinki, Finland, July 31–August 8, 1978

306 Pages·1979·8.817 MB·English

by  Ja. I. Likhter (auth.), Peter J. Palmadesso, Konstantinos Papadopoulos (eds.)

WA VE INST ABILITIES IN SPACE PLASMAS
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Editorial Board
J. E. BLAMONT, LaboralOire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France
R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England
L. GOLDBERG, Kia Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz., US.A.
C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Z. KOPAL, University of Manchesler, England
G H. LUDWIG, NOAA, National Environmental Satellite Service, Suitland, Md., US.A.
R UJST. President MakPlanck·Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften, Miinchen, F.R.G.
B M. McCORMAC, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, Calif, US.A.
H. E. NEWELL, Alexandria, Va., US.A.
L l. SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the US.S.R., Moscow, US.S.R.
Z. SVESTKA, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
VOLUME 74
PROCEEDINGS
WAVE INSTABILITIES
IN SPACE PLASMAS
PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZED WITHIN
THE XIXth URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY HELD IN
HELSINKI, FINLAND, JULY 31-AUGUST 8, 1978
edited by
PETER J. PALMADESSO and KONST ANTINOS PAPADOPOULOS
Napal Reseal'r:h [,auu:at0rv, Washington, D.C. U.S 4.
Sponsored by
COMMISSION H OF URSJ
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
DORDRECHT:HOLLAND / BOStON:U.S.A.
LONDON:ENGLAND
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry title:
Wave instabilities in space plasmas.
(Astrophysics and space science library; v. 74)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Space Plasmas-Congresses. 2. Atmospheric Electricity -Congresses.
3. Atmosphere, Upper-Congresses. I. Palmadesso, Peter 1.1940-
II. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos, 1938- III. International Union of Radio
Science. IV. Series.
QC809.P5W28 538'.76 79-20918
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9502-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9500-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9500-0
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company,
P. O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland
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All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 1979 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1979
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
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retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
TABLE OF CONTENTS
.EFACE vii
PART I: NATURAL NOISE IN SPACE
TA. I. LIKHTER / ELF and V1F Noise Intensity and Spectra
in the Magnetosphere 3
H. KIKUCHI/ELF and VLF Activity AS80ciated with High
Latitude Hole 21
R. A. HELLIWELL / Effects of Power Line Radiation into
the Magnetosphere 27
K. BULLOUGH and T. R. KAISER / Ariel 3 and 4 Studies of
Power Line Harmonic Radiation 37
B. T. TSURUTANI, E. J. SMITH, S. R. CHURCH, R. M.
THORNE and R. E. HOLZER / Does ELF Chorus Show Evidence
of Power Line Stimulation? 51
B. T. TSURUTANI, E. J. SMITH, H. I. WEST, JR. and
R. M. BUCK / Chorus, Energetic Electrons and Magneto-
spheric Substorms 55
PART II: PLASMA TURBULENCE
M. ASHOUR-ABDALLA, C. F. KENNEL, and D. D. SENTMAN /
Magnetospheric Multiharmonic Instabilities 65
P. CP~LQVIST / Some Theoretical Aspects of Electro-
static Double Layers 83
S. TORVEN / Formation of Double Layers in Laboratory
Plasmas 109
F. W. CRAWFORD, J. S. LEVINE, and D. B. ILIC / Laboratory
Simulation of Ionospheric DOUble-Layers 129
C. T. DUM and R. CHODURA / Anomalous Transition from
Buneman to Ion Sound Instability 135
C. HANUISE and M. CROCHET / Marginal Plasma Waves in
the Equatorial Electrojet Observed by HF Coherent
Radar Techniques 149
PART III: NONlllilEAR EFFECTS
H. MATSUMOTO / Nonlinear Whistler-Mode Interactions and
Triggered Emissions in the Magnetosphere: A Review 163
R. A. HELLIWELL / Siple Station Experiments on Wave-
Particle Interactions in ~he Magnetosphere 191
D. NUNN / Non Linear Wave Particle Interaction
Theory Applied to Siple Triggered Emissions 205
N. CORNILLEAU-WEHRLIN and R. GENDRIN / Quenching of
Natural Cyclotron Instability by Large Amplitude
Monochromatic Waves Propagating in an Inhomogeneous
Medium 217
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
~. F. SMITH ~nd D. R. NICHOLSON / ,Nonlinear Effects Involved
in the Generation of Type III Solar Radio Bursts 225
M. L. GOLDSTEIN, K. PAPADOPOULOS and R. A. SMITH / A
Theory of Solar Type III Radio Bursts 245
PART IV: IONOSPHERIC F-REGION IRREGULARITIES
S. L. OSSAKOW / A Review of Recent Results on Spread
F Theory 265
M. C. KELLEY / Equatorial Spread F: A Review of
Recent Experimental Results 291
INDEX OF SUBJECTS 307
PREFACE
This book contains lectures presented in the symposium on "wave
Instabili ties in S:pace Plasmas" organized wi thin the progrem of .t.y~.
XIX URSI General Assembly held in Helsinki, Finland, during tJ:l<:;
period of July 31 through August 1978.
The individual papers were deliberately limited in length; the
author's cooperation in conforming with the guidelines is greatly
appreciated. The contents of the book as well as of the symposiTh~
are organized along subject areas, although aspects of chapters
II and III are overlapping. The contents of Chapter I were part of
the session organized by Dr. Ja. I. Likhter for commissions E and H
and chaired by Dr. F. Horner, deal.ing with natural noise in space.
The main part of this chapter deals with evidence and effects of
power line radiation in the magnetosphere as well as the morphology
of ELF, VLF and kilometric radiation spectra in the magnetosphere.
The contents of Chapter II were part of the two sessions organized
by Dr. P. Palmadesso and chaired by Drs. S. L. Ossakow and M. L.
Goldstein dealing with electrostatic turbulence. This chapter covers
topics related to auroral acceleration processes such as anomalous
resistivity, double layers, and ion sound and cyclotron turbulence.
Experimental and theoretical studies of non-linear spectra of the
electrojet instability, and whistler and cyclotron wave spectra are
also discussed. The contents of Chapter III were part of the sessior,
organized and chaired by Dr. D. Gurnett. This chapter covers non
linear theories and reviews pertaining to kilometric radiation, type
III solar radiobursts, and VLF, cyclotron and whistler waves. Chapter
IV was part of the session organized by Dr. P. Dyson (Commission H)
and Dr. J. W. King (Commission G), and chaired by Dr. S. Bowhill.
This chapter contains studies of F-region irregularities. The sym
posium was convened under the aegis of Commission H of URSI, under
the Chairmanship of Dr. R. Gendrin, and was directed by the joint
URSI-IAGA working group on "Waves and Instabilities in Space Plasmas"
co-chaired by Drs. P. Dyson, V. Karpman, K. Papadopoulos, and F.
Scarf. The overall convenor was Dr. K. Papadopoulos. Many thanks
are due to all of the above and to Dr. F. Crawford, then Vice-Chairman
and now Chairman of Commission H.
Peter Palmadesso
Washington, D. C., February 1979 Konstantinos Papadopoulos
vii
PART I
NATURAL NOISE IN SPACE
ELF AND VLF NOISE INTENSITY AND SPECTRA IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE
Ja. 1. Likhter
Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio
Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN)
plo Akademgorodok
Moscow 142092 (USSR)
1. INTRODUCTION
A very large number of experimental and theoretical investigations
has been devoted to study wave phenomena in the magnetosphere. Many
reviews have been written regarding this subject (1-7).
In this paper, we will mainly discuss the exyerimental results
obtained recently. As a basis for discussion, we will use exclusively
the data obtained by satellite and rocket borne experiments, because
the in situ measurements are the most adequate.
One of the first questions raised to experimentalists is the follo
wing : where are the appropria~e waves excited in the plasma? Solving
this question can allow us to tackle another problem, namely, how
can waves observed in given conditions and having the measured proper
ties be excited ? This is why we first summarize the information about
the noise source locations within the magnetosphere and how the wave
measurement data are used to locate the source region.
The wave intensity is of first order significance for many proce
sses taking place in the Earth magnetosphere (5), particularly, the
wave intensity determines the energetic particle diffusion rate into
the loss cone, and thus influences the state of radiation belts. Besides
when the wave intensity becomes large enough, nonlinear effects start
in the plasma, affecting the wave spectrum and again changing drasti
cally the state of energetic particles. At present, controlled experi
ments with wave emission by rocket-and satellite borne transmitters
are being carried out. In the near future, such kind of active experi
ments will develop. Under these circumstances, the natural ELF and VLF
emissions will playa double role : they will act as interferences
when receiving the transmitted signals, and the transmitted wave may
cause changes in the natural emissions as was shown by Stenzel (8). For
possible analysis of such situations, it is important to have a compre
hensive notion about the intensity which the natural ELV and VLF noise'
3
P. J. Palmadesso and K. Papadopoulos (eds.), Wave Instabilities in Space Plasmas, 3-19.
Copyright © 1979 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.
4 J A. I. LIKHTER
usually have in various conditions. Such informations will be presented
in the second part of this review.
2. THE REGION IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE WHERE THE NOISE IS EXCITED
Let us start with two figures on which the most probable wave
source regions are shown. The first figure gives an over.9.1l picture of
the day-night section of the magnetosphere. We can see there the source
region for ULF waves (micropulsations) situated in the outer magneto
sphere between the plasmapause and the magnetopause (I -9).
SURFAce
/lLF "'AVES
(MIC"ONL54rtDNS)
\ CD
Figure I. Sources of noise in the magnetosphere
I. ELF (VLF) plasmaspheric hiss. 2. Chorus. 3. Nonthermal
continuum f > foe (partly escaping); resonance line spectrum
nfBe; (n + 1/2)fBe; nf ; foe' 4. Auroral kilometric radia
tion. 5. Cusp ELF emis~ions f < fBe. 6. Cusp-magnetosheath
boundary micropulsations. 7. Equatorial ULF-ELF electromagne
tic noise (line-spectra) f < 20Q Hz. 8. Micropulsations.
9. Lions roar. 10. Broadband electrostatic noise; auroral
field line turbulence. II. ELF and VLF auroral hiss; 12. Upstream
waves, plasma wave turbulence.
This wave source is not very localized because of specific modes of
ULF waves (field lines oscillations and others). On the boundaries of
this very vast region at the plasmapause and magnetopause, there are
excited surface waves, as was shown by Kovner (10). The chorus sources
evidences by Tsurutani and Smith,and Burtis and Helliwell (11-14) and
the regions where the high frequency continuum radiation (15) and the
plasma resonance line spectrum (16 - 18) are excited are also marked. At
the plasmapause, there is a change of the type of noise excited and
under the arch of the plasmapause, there exists a source region for the
well known ELF (and VLF) plasmaspheric hiss (19 - 23) .
Some of these sources are also acting in the night side of the
magnetosphere; however, there exist new sources in this region. These
are the auroral kilometric radiation, the auroral field line turbulence,
the oblique resonance VLF noise (saucers), and different kinds of ion
cyclotron waves. In the polar cusp, there are Cerenkov excited ELF and