Mohammad Kaykobad Rossella Petreschi (Eds.) 7 2 WALCOM: Algorithms 6 9 S C and Computation N L 10th International Workshop, WALCOM 2016 Kathmandu, Nepal, March 29–31, 2016 Proceedings 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9627 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7407 Mohammad Kaykobad Rossella Petreschi (Eds.) (cid:129) WALCOM: Algorithms and Computation 10th International Workshop, WALCOM 2016 – Kathmandu, Nepal, March 29 31, 2016 Proceedings 123 Editors Mohammad Kaykobad Rossella Petreschi Department ofComputer Science Department ofComputer Science andEngineering Sapienza University of Rome Bangladesh University of Engineering Rome andTechnology Italy Dhaka Bangladesh ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Computer Science ISBN 978-3-319-30138-9 ISBN978-3-319-30139-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30139-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015955363 LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface ThisvolumecontainstheproceedingsoftheWALCOM2016(InternationalWorkshop on Algorithms and Computation), held in Kathmandu, Nepal, March 29–31, 2016. This was the tenth edition of an international workshop that was held for the first time in 2007inDhaka,Bangladesh. Foureditions (2008, 2010,2012, and2015) were also held in Dhaka, and four other editions were held in India: 2009 (Kolkata), 2011 (New Delhi), 2013 (Kharagpur), and 2014 (Chennai). WALCOM has established itself as a fully refereed conference for theoretical computer science research in Asia. It has also strengthened the ties between local and international scientific communities. We believe that this volume reflects the breadth anddepthofthisinteraction.Wereceived68submissionsfrom170differentauthorsin 28 countries. Each paper was assigned to three Program Committee members: The committeeselected27papersbasedonapproximately190reviewerreports.Inaddition to these contributed presentations, the conference included four invited talks. We thank all the authors who submitted papers, the members of the Program Committeeandtheexternalreviewers.Wearealsogratefultothefourinvitedspeakers, Sajal Das, Missouri University of Science and Technology – Rolla (USA), Costas S. Iliopoulos, King’s College London – London (UK), Giuseppe F. Italiano, University Tor Vergata – Rome (Italy), Giuseppe Persiano, University of Salerno – Fisciano (Italy), who kindly accepted our invitation to give plenary lectures at the workshop. The assistance of many organizations and individuals was essential for the success of this meeting. We would like to thank all of our sponsors and supporting organi- zationsandinparticularPramodProdhanfortakingtheinitiativeofhostingitinscenic Nepal,LenaSthapitoftheAsianInstituteofTechnologyandManagement(AITM)and members of the Organizing Committee, AITM, KHInt, and IT Professional Forum of NepalfortheirsupportforWALCOM2016.Moreover,wethanktheIEICETechnical CommitteeonTheoreticalFoundationsofComputing(COMP)andtheSpecialInterest Group for Algorithms (SIGAL) of the Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ) for their cooperation. We finally would like to thank EasyChair for providing us with a very friendly environment for handling the contributions and editing the proceedings of WALCOM 2016. January 2016 Rossella Petreschi Mohammad Kaykobad Organization Organizing Committee Pramod Pradhan (Chair) Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Bhupa Das Rajbhandari Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Juddha Bahadur Gurung National Information Technology Institute (NITI), Nepal Mahesh Singh Kathayat Convenor for Knowledge Management Seminar, IT Professional Forum (ITPF), Nepal Udaya Lal Pradhan National Information Technology Institute (NITI), Nepal Prashant Lal Shrestha IT Professional Forum (ITPF), Islington College and Knowledge Holding International (K-Hint), Nepal Nayana Amatya IT Professional Forum (ITPF), and Knowledge Holding International (K-Hint), Nepal Jyoti Tandukar Institute of Engineering, IT Professional Forum (ITPF), and Alternative Technology Suresh K. Regmi Knowledge Holding International (K-Hint) and Professional Computer System, Nepal Bijendra Suwal Nepal Investment Bank Limited and IT Professional Forum (ITPF), Nepal Khusbu Sarkar Shrestha Knowledge Holding International (K-Hint) Lochan Amatya – Nepal Telecom, IT Professional Forum (ITPF), Society of Electronics & Communication Engineers, Nepal Shiv Bhusan Lal IT Professional Forum (ITPF), and Knowledge Holding International (K-Hint), Nepal Shashi Bhattarai DevelopmentDynamics,KnowledgeHoldingInternational (K-Hint) and IT Professional Forum (ITPF), Nepal Madhav Narayan Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Shrestha Nepal Rabindra Raj Giri Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Basanta Prasad Joshi Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Hari Krishna Saiju Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Kushal Niroula Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Lena Sthapit Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal VIII Organization Pravakar Pradhan Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Astha Bharijoo Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Sugandha K.C. Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Anil Byanjankar Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Surendra Joshi Asian Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Nepal Steering Committee Kyung-Yong Chwa KAIST, Korea Costas S. Iliopoulos KCL, UK M. Kaykobad BUET, Bangladesh Petra Mutzel TU Dortmund, Germany Shin-ichi Nakano Gunma University, Japan Subhas Chandra Nandy Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Takao Nishizeki Tohoku University, Japan C. Pandu Rangan IIT, Madras, India Md. Saidur Rahman BUET, Bangladesh Program Committee Ljiljana Brankovic University of Newcastle, Australia Tiziana Calamoneri Università La Sapienza Roma, Italy Rezaul A. Chowdhury State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA Marek Chrobak University of California, Riverside, USA Gautam K. Das Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India Celina M.H. de Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Figueiredo Antoine Deza McMaster University, Ontario, Canada Raymond Greenlaw United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, USA Pinar Heggernes University of Bergen, Norway Seok-Hee Hong University of Sydney, Australia Kazuo Iwama Kyoto University, Japan Mohammad Kaykobad Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka Dieter Kratsch Université de Lorraine, Metz, France Moshe Lewenstein Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel Dániel Marx Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Vangelis Paschos LAMSADE, University of Paris-Dauphine, France Rossella Petreschi Università La Sapienza Roma, Italy Nadia Pisanti Università di Pisa, Italy; Erable Team, Inria, France Sheung-Hung Poon National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Organization IX Jakub Radoszewski University of Warsaw, Poland Saidur Md. Rahman Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka Sohel Rahman Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka Sasanka Roy Chennai Mathematical Institute, India Blerina Sinaimeri Inria Grenoble, France Etsuji Tomita The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan Ryuhei Uehara Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi Roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich, Switzerland Gerhard J. Woeginger TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands Additional Reviewers Bahreininejad, Ardeshir Gourves, Laurent Peters, Daniel Bandopadhyay, Sriparna Han, Xin Pirola, Yuri Bernasconi, Anna Inkulu, R. Ray, Saurabh Bigi, Giancarlo Jaiswal, Ragesh Rutter, Ignaz Bläsius, Thomas Jallu, Ramesh Sa, Vinicius Boccardo, Davidson Kammer, Frank Sadakane, Kunihiko Bonnet, Edouard Karim, Md. Rezaul Sarkar, Santanu Brandstadt, Andreas Karmakar, Arindam Scutella, Maria Grazia Bulteau, Laurent Kaufmann, Michael Shafin, Md. Kishwar Byrka, Jaroslaw Kaykobad, Mohammad Shende, Anil DaFonseca,GuilhermeD. Kosowski, Adrian Shparlinski, Igor Dao, Minhson Labarre, Anthony Simonetti, Luidi De Agostino, Sergio Laura, Luigi Sinha Mahapatra, de Freitas, Rosiane Lavor, Carlile Priya Ranjan De, Minati Le, Van Bang Stamoulis, Georgios Dias, Zanoni Manlove, David Sterbini, Andrea Eades, Peter Mary, Arnaud Subrahmanyam, Venkata Epstein, Leah Mondal, Debajyoti Suomela, Jukka Escoffier, Bruno Monti, Angelo Telelis, Orestis Felsner, Stefan Morgana, Aurora Tiedemann, Morten Fernau, Henning Moscarini, Marina Wandelt, Sebastian Fertin, Guillaume Nakano, Shin-Ichi Wrochna, Marcin Finocchi, Irene Nandy, Subhas Yamashita, Masafumi Franciosa, Paolo Natarajan, Vijay Zhang, Yong Froese, Vincent Niedermann, Benjamin Živný, Stanislav Gastaldello, Mattia Nishat, Rahnuma Islam Giannakos, Aristotelis Paixao, Joao X Organization Sponsors