Voltage Stability in Electrical Power Systems: Concepts, Assessment, and Methods for Improvement

291 Pages·2022·7.637 MB·English

by  Farid Karbalaei, Shahriar Abbasi

Voltage Stability in
ElectricalPower Systems
IEEEPress
445HoesLane
Piscataway,NJ08854
IEEEPressEditorialBoard
SarahSpurgeon,EditorinChief
JónAtliBenediktsson AndreasMolisch DiomidisSpinellis
AnjanBose SaeidNahavandi AhmetMuratTekalp
AdamDrobot JeffreyReed
Peter(Yong)Lian ThomasRobertazzi
Voltage Stability in Electrical Power Systems
Concepts, Assessment, and Methods for Improvement
Farid Karbalaei
Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
Tehran, Iran
Shahriar Abbasi
Technical and Vocational University of Iran
Kermanshah, Iran
Hamid Reza Shabani
Aalborg University
Esbjerg, Denmark
Copyright©2023byTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany
formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,
exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,without
eitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentofthe
appropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,
MA01923,[phone],fax[phone],oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.Requeststo
thePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&
Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone],oronlineat
http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.
Trademarks:WileyandtheWileylogoaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofJohnWiley&
Sons,Inc.and/oritsaffiliatesintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesandmaynotbeusedwithout
writtenpermission.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.JohnWiley&
Sons,Inc.isnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbest
effortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttothe
accuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimplied
warrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedor
extendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontained
hereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhere
appropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother
commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orother
damages.
Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontact
ourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnited
Statesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint
maynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitour
websiteatwww.wiley.com.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Names:Karbalaei,Farid,author.|Abbasi,Shahriar(AssistantProfessor),
author.|Shabani,HamidReza,author.
Title:Voltagestabilityinelectricalpowersystems:concepts,
assessment,andmethodsforimprovement/FaridKarbalaei,Shahriar
Abbasi,andHamidRezaShabani.
Description:Hoboken,NewJersey:Wiley,[2023]|Includesindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2022041340(print)|LCCN2022041341(ebook)|ISBN
9781119830597(hardback)|ISBN9781119830641(adobepdf)|ISBN
9781119830658(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Electricpowersystemstability.|Electricpower
systems–Control.
Classification:LCCTK1010.K3672022 (print)|LCCTK1010 (ebook)|DDC
621.319–dc23/eng/20220919
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022041340
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022041341
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:©SergMyshkovsky/GettyImages
Setin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbyStraive,Pondicherry,India
Toourfamilies

vii
Contents
AuthorBiographies xiii
Preface xiv
PartI ConceptofVoltageStability,EffectiveFactorsandDevices,
andSuitableSystemModeling 1
1 HowDoesVoltageInstabilityOccur? 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Long-TermVoltageInstability 5
1.2.1 ASimpleSystem 5
1.2.2 VoltageCalculation 6
1.2.3 IllustrationofVoltageCollapse 7
1.2.4 TheReasonofVoltageCollapseOccurrence 8
1.2.5 TheImportanceofTimelyEmergencyMeasures 11
1.3 Short-TermVoltageInstability 13
1.3.1 TheProcessofInductionMotorsStalling 14
1.3.2 DynamicAnalysis 15
1.3.3 StaticAnalysis 17
1.3.4 TheRelationshipBetweenShort-TermVoltageInstabilityand
LoadabilityLimit 19
1.4 Summary 20
References 20
2 LoadsandLoadTapChanger(LTC)TransformerModeling 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 StaticLoadModels 24
2.2.1 TheConstantPowerModel 24
2.2.2 ThePolynomialandExponentialModels 25
viii Contents
2.3 DynamicLoadModels 26
2.3.1 ExponentialRecoveryModel 27
2.3.2 InductionMotorModel 31
2.4 TheLTCTransformers 35
2.4.1 TheLTCPerformance 35
2.4.2 TheLTCModeling 36
2.4.3 TheLTCTransformerModel 38
2.5 Summary 44
References 44
3 GeneratorModeling 47
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 SynchronousGeneratorModeling 47
3.2.1 SynchronousMachineStructure 48
3.2.2 DynamicEquations 48
3.2.3 VoltageandCurrentPhasors 52
3.2.4 Steady-StateEquations 54
3.2.5 SimplificationofSynchronousMachineEquations 56
3.2.6 SaturationModeling 57
3.2.7 SynchronousGeneratorCapabilityCurve 59
3.2.8 ExcitationSystemModeling 62
3.2.9 GovernorModeling 63
3.2.10 OverexcitationLimiter(OXL)Modeling 65
3.3 WindPowerPlants 66
3.3.1 Fixed-SpeedInductionGenerator(FSIG)-basedWindTurbine 69
3.3.1.1 PhysicalDescription 69
3.3.1.2 InductionMachineSteady-StateModel 69
3.3.1.3 InductionGeneratorDynamicModel 72
3.3.2 DoublyFedInductionGenerator(DFIG)-basedWindTurbine 75
3.3.2.1 PhysicalDescription 75
3.3.2.2 DFIGSteady-StateCharacteristic 76
3.3.2.3 OptimumWindPowerExtraction[5] 77
3.3.2.4 TorqueControl 78
3.3.2.5 VoltageControl 80
3.4 Summary 81
References 82
4 ImpactofDistributedGenerationandTransmission–Distribution
InteractionsonVoltageStability 83
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 InteractionsofTransmissionandDistributionNetworks 83