VLSI Signal Processing Technology PDF
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VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY edited by Magdy A. Bayoumi University of Southwestem Louisiana and Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr. University of Texas ~. SPRINGER. SCIENC"E+BUSIN ESS MEDIA, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data VLSI signal proeessing teehnology / [edited by] Magdy A. Bayoumi and Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr. p. em. Inc1udes bibliographical referenees and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-6199-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-2776-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2776-3 1. Integrated eireuits--Very large seale integration. 2. Signal proeessing--Digital teehniques. 1. Bayoumi, Magdy A. II. Swartzlander, Earl E. TK5102.9.V54 1994 621.382'2--de20 94-3662 CIP Copyright © 1994 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1994 AlI rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprodueed, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, meehanical, photo-eopying, reeording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Seience+Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free pap er. To My Dear Students, I live your worries and ambitions as a father. I live your ups and downs, smiles and tears, courage and fears as a brother. I live your adventurous and mysterious journey as a friend. You have made my life spiritually rich, intellectually rewarding, culturally colorful and heartly young. I'll never forget you. Magdy Bayoumi TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Xl 1. VLSI DSP Technology: Current Developments Magdy A. Bayoumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 2. Recent Developments in the Design of Image and Video Processing ICs Konstantinos Konstantinides and Vasudev Bhaskaran .. 25 3. High Performance Arithmetic for DSP Systems G. A. Jullien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59 4. Pipelining and Clocking of High Performance Synchronous Digital Systems Eby G. Friedman and J. H. Mulligan, Jr. . . . . .. .. 97 5. High-Speed Transform Coding Architectures for Video Communications C. T. Chiu and K. J. Ray Liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135 6. Design and Programming of Systolic Array Cells for Signal Processing Ross Smith and Gerald Sobelman. . . . . . . . . . . 165 7. Analog VLSI Signal Processors: Design and Test Methodologies Mani Soma ..... . 185 8. Switched-Capacitor Parallel Distributed Processing Network for Speech Recognition Yoshihiko Horio, Hiroyuki Takase and Shogo Nakamura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Magdy A. Bayowni The Center for Advanced Computer Studies P.O. Box 44330 University of Southwestern Louisiana Lafayette, Louisiana 70504 Vasudev Bhaskaran Hewlett-Packard Laboratories C.T.Chiu Electrical Engineering Department National Chung Cheng University Chia-Yi, Taiwan Eby G. Friedman Department of Electrical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 Yoshihiko Horio Department of Electronic Engineering Tokyo Denki University 2-2 Kanda-Nishiki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101, Japan G. A. JullieD, Director VLSI Research Group University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 Konstantinos Konstantinides Hewlett-Packard Laboratories K. J. Ray Liu Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20740 J. H. Mulligan, Jr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Irvine, California 92717 x Shogo Nakamura Department of Electronic Engineering Tokyo Denki University 2-2 Kanda-Nishiki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101, Japan Ross Smith University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (M/C 154) Chicago, Illinois 60607 Gerald Sobelman University of Minnesota Department of Electrical Engineering Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Mani Soma Design, Test & Reliability Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering, Fr-lO University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 Hiroyuki Takase Computer Works Mitsubishi Electric Co. 325 Kamimachiya Kamakura, Kanawaga, 247, Japan Preface This book is the first in a set of forthcoming books focussed on state-of-the-art development in the VLSI Signal Processing area. It is a response to the tremendous research activities taking place in that field. These activities have been driven by two factors: the dramatic increase in demand for high speed signal processing, especially in consumer elec- tronics, and the evolving microelectronic technologies. The available technology has always been one of the main factors in determining al- gorithms, architectures, and design strategies to be followed. With every new technology, signal processing systems go through many changes in concepts, design methods, and implementation. The goal of this book is to introduce the reader to the main features of VLSI Signal Processing and the ongoing developments in this area. The focus of this book is on: • Current developments in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) pro- cessors and architectures - several examples and case studies of existing DSP chips are discussed in Chapter 1. • Features and requirements of image and video signal processing architectures - both applications specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and programmable image processors are studied in Chapter 2. • New market areas for signal processing - especially in consumer electronics such as multimedia, teleconferencing, and movie on demand. • Impact of arithmetic circuitry on the performance of DSP pro- cessors - several topics are discussed in Chapter 3 such as: number representation, arithmetic algorithms and circuits, and implementa- tion. • Pipelining - which has greatly effected the performance of DSP sys- tems. Several factors are involved in designing pipelined architec- tures. They are: the trade-off between clock frequency and latency, clock distribution network, and clock skew as shown in Chapter 4. • Parallelism - to meet the high computational rates of real-time signal processing, inherent parallelism of most signal processing algorithms has to be exploited. To achieve the required performance, it neces- sitates developing special-purpose architectures featuring regularity, modularity, and locality as shown in Chapter 5. xii • Systolic Arrays - are one of the most efficient parallel architectures for signal processing. A detailed design of a systolic cell along with the controller is discussed in Chapter 6. • Analog Signal Processing (ASP) - The main factors for the recent resurgence of interest in ASP are: the recent interest in neural net- works circuits and applications, and the advances in ASP technology which permits better control of device characteristics. In Chapter 7, four major analog circuits design are discussed: continuous-time, switched-capacitor, switched-current, and subthreshold analog cir- cuits. In Chapter 8, a case study of an application specific analog architecture for speech recognition is discussed. It is based on par- allel distributed processing network of switched capacitors. The intent of this book is to be informative and to stimulate the reader to participate in the fast growing field of VLSI Signal Processing. The book can be used for research courses in VLSI Design and VLSI Signal Processing. It can also be used for graduate courses in Signal Processing and VLSI Architectures. The chapters of the book can serve as material for tutorials and short courses in relevant topics. Finally, we would like to thank the authors who spent considerable time and effort to have their research work reported in this book. We appreciate their patience through the whole project. Magdy Bayoumi Earl Swartzlander VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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