Visual C++ and MFC Programming 2nd Edition

739 Pages·2004·9.53 MB·English

by  Jacques E. Zoo

Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

an action creates a document and this document must reside somewhere.
Visual C++ and MFC
Programming
© FunctionX, Inc. 1
Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

2 © FunctionX, Inc.
Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

Table of Contents

TABLE OF FIGURES...............................................................................................13
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT VISUAL C++...........15
1.1 The Microsoft Visual C++ Environment.....................................................16
1.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................16
1.1.2 The Integrated Development Environment........................................17
1.1.3 The Title Bar............................................................................................17
1.1.4 The Main Menu.......................................................................................18
1.1.5 The Toolbars............................................................................................21
1.1.6 The Studio Windows..............................................................................23
1.2 Floatable and Dockable Windows................................................................26
1.2.1 Description...............................................................................................26
1.3 Visual C++ Projects and Files.......................................................................27
1.3.1 Creating a New Project..........................................................................27
1.3.2 Creating Files...........................................................................................28
1.3.3 Adding Existing Files to a Project.......................................................29
1.3.4 Adding Classes........................................................................................30
1.3.5 Opening Files...........................................................................................31
1.3.6 Opening Existing Projects.....................................................................33
1.4 Getting Help.....................................................................................................34
1.4.1 Online Help..............................................................................................34
1.4.2 Other Help Types....................................................................................35
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO MFC.......................................................37
2.1 The Microsoft Foundation Class Library....................................................38
2.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................38
2.1.2 CObject, the Ancestor............................................................................38
2.1.3 The Basic Application............................................................................39
2.2 Frames Fundamentals .....................................................................................42
2.2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................43
2.2.2 Reference to the Main Window............................................................44
2.2.3 Introduction to Macros...........................................................................47
2.2.4 Windows Styles.......................................................................................48
2.2.5 Windows Location..................................................................................51
2.2.6 Windows Size..........................................................................................53
2.2.7 Windows Dimensions............................................................................54
2.2.8 Windows Parents....................................................................................57
2.3 Message Boxes.................................................................................................58
2.3.1 Definition.................................................................................................58
2.3.2 Message Box Creation...........................................................................59
2.3.3 Message Box Implementation..............................................................59
2.3.4 The Box’ Message..................................................................................60
2.3.5 The Message’ Title.................................................................................62
2.3.6 Message Box Options............................................................................63
2.3.7 The Message’s Return Value................................................................66
CHAPTER 3: WINDOWS RESOURCES ..........................................................69
© FunctionX, Inc. 3
Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

3.1 Introduction to Resources..............................................................................70
3.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................70
3.1.2 Converting a Resource Identifier.........................................................71
3.2 Icons...................................................................................................................73
3.2.1 Icons Overview.......................................................................................73
3.2.2 Icons Design............................................................................................74
3.3 Menu Fundamentals........................................................................................80
3.3.1 Overview..................................................................................................80
3.3.2 The Main Menu.......................................................................................80
3.3.3 Main Menu Design.................................................................................81
3.4 Toolbars.............................................................................................................85
3.4.1 Overview..................................................................................................85
3.4.2 Creating a Toolbar..................................................................................85
3.5 Accelerators......................................................................................................85
3.5.1 Access Keys.............................................................................................86
3.5.2 Shortcuts...................................................................................................86
3.5.3 Accelerator Table....................................................................................87
3.6 Version Information........................................................................................88
3.6.1 Overview..................................................................................................88
3.6.2 The Version Information Editor...........................................................88
3.7 Cursors..............................................................................................................89
3.7.1 Overview..................................................................................................89
3.7.2 Creating and Using Cursors..................................................................90
3.8 The String Table ..............................................................................................92
3.8.1 Description...............................................................................................92
3.8.2 Creating and Using a String Table.......................................................92
3.9 Other Techniques of Creating Windows.....................................................94
3.9.1 Window Registration and Standard Resources..................................94
3.9.2 Window Registration and Custom Resources....................................95
3.9.3 Frame Loading........................................................................................97
CHAPTER 4: MESSAGES AND EVENTS......................................................101
4.1 Introduction to Messages............................................................................102
4.1.1 Overview...............................................................................................102
4.1.2 A Map of Messages.............................................................................102
4.2 Windows Messages......................................................................................104
4.2.1 Window Creation.................................................................................105
4.2.2 Window's Showing State....................................................................106
4.2.3 Window Activation.............................................................................108
4.2.4 Window Painting.................................................................................112
4.2.5 Window Sizing.....................................................................................114
4.2.6 Window Moving..................................................................................116
4.2.7 Window Destruction...........................................................................119
4.3 Command Messages....................................................................................119
4.3.1 Definition..............................................................................................120
4.3.2 Creating a Command Message..........................................................120
4.4 Keyboard Messages.....................................................................................120
4.4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................120
4.4.2 The Key Down Effect.........................................................................122
4.4.3 The Key Up Effect...............................................................................124
4.5 Mouse Messages...........................................................................................124
4.5.1 Introduction...........................................................................................124
4.5.2 Mouse-Down Messages......................................................................124
4.5.3 The Mouse-Up Messages...................................................................127
4.5.4 The Double-Click Message................................................................129
4 © FunctionX, Inc.
Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

4.5.5 Mouse Moving.....................................................................................130
4.6 Anytime Messages.......................................................................................130
4.6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................130
4.6.2 Sending Messages................................................................................131
CHAPTER 5: THE DOCUMENT/VIEW ARCHITECTURE....................133
5.1 Overview of the Document/View Architecture.......................................134
5.1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................134
5.1.2 The View...............................................................................................134
5.1.3 The Document......................................................................................134
5.1.4 The Frame.............................................................................................134
5.1.5 The Document/View Approach.........................................................135
5.2 The Single Document Interface (SDI)......................................................136
5.2.1 Overview...............................................................................................136
5.2.2 Creating a Single Document Interface.............................................137
5.3 SDI Improvements.......................................................................................143
5.3.1 SDI Improvements: The Application...............................................143
5.3.2 SDI Improvements: The Document..................................................146
5.3.3 SDI Improvements: The Frame.........................................................150
5.3.4 SDI Improvements: The View...........................................................151
5.4 The Multiple Document Interface (MDI).................................................151
5.4.1 Overview...............................................................................................151
5.4.2 Creating a Multiple Document Interface.........................................154
5.4.3 The Visual C++ AppWizard..............................................................157
5.5 The AppWizard.............................................................................................157
5.5.1 An SDI With AppWizard...................................................................158
5.5.2 An MDI With AppWizard..................................................................161
CHAPTER 6: THE GRAPHICAL DEVICE INTERFACE........................163
6.1 Introduction to the GDI...............................................................................164
6.1.1 The Device Context.............................................................................164
6.1.2 Grabbing the Device Context ............................................................164
6.2 The Process of Drawing..............................................................................165
6.2.1 Getting a Device Context ...................................................................165
6.2.2 Starting a Device Context's Shape....................................................165
6.3 GDI Lines and Shapes.................................................................................167
6.3.1 Lines.......................................................................................................167
6.3.2 Polylines................................................................................................170
6.3.3 Multiple Polylines................................................................................173
6.3.4 Polygons................................................................................................175
6.3.5 Multiple Polygons................................................................................176
6.3.6 Rectangles and Squares......................................................................177
6.3.7 A Rectangle With Edges.....................................................................179
6.3.8 Ellipses and Circles.............................................................................180
6.3.9 Round Rectangles and Round Squares............................................183
6.3.10..Pies.........................................................................................................184
6.3.11..Arcs........................................................................................................185
6.3.12..The Arc's Direction.............................................................................187
6.3.13..Angular Arcs........................................................................................190
6.3.14..Chords...................................................................................................191
6.3.15..Bézier Curves.......................................................................................192
CHAPTER 7: GDI ACCESSORIES AND TOOLS.......................................197
7.1 Colors.............................................................................................................198
© FunctionX, Inc. 5
Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

7.1.1 Overview...............................................................................................198
7.1.2 The Color as a Data Type...................................................................199
7.1.3 Color Palettes........................................................................................200
7.2 Drawing With Colors...................................................................................201
7.2.1 Coloring a Pixel....................................................................................201
7.2.2 Rectangles With 3-D Effect...............................................................201
7.2.3 Drawing Text........................................................................................202
7.3 Bitmaps...........................................................................................................205
7.3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................205
7.3.2 Bitmap Creation...................................................................................206
7.4 Fonts...............................................................................................................209
7.4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................209
7.4.2 Font Selection.......................................................................................209
7.4.3 Font Creation........................................................................................209
7.4.4 Font Retrieval.......................................................................................215
7.5 Pens.................................................................................................................216
7.5.1 Introduction...........................................................................................216
7.5.2 The Fundamentals of a Pen................................................................216
7.5.3 Creating and Selecting a Pen.............................................................216
7.5.4 Retrieving a Pen...................................................................................220
7.6 Brushes...........................................................................................................220
7.6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................220
7.6.2 Solid Brushes........................................................................................221
7.6.3 Hatched Brushes..................................................................................225
7.6.4 Patterned Brushes................................................................................227
7.6.5 Logical Brushes....................................................................................229
CHAPTER 8: GDI ORIENTATION AND TRANSFORMATIONS........231
8.1 The Default Coordinate System.................................................................232
8.1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................232
8.1.2 Changing the Coordinate System......................................................234
8.2 The Mapping Modes....................................................................................238
8.2.1 Mapping Mode Choices......................................................................238
8.2.2 Unit and Coordinate Systems Options.............................................243
CHAPTER 9: STRINGS .........................................................................................249
9.1 Fundamentals of Strings..............................................................................250
9.1.1 Null-Terminated Strings.....................................................................250
9.1.2 The Standard string Class...................................................................251
9.1.3 The Length of a String........................................................................252
9.1.4 String Formatting.................................................................................253
9.2 Operations of Strings...................................................................................255
9.2.1 String Copy...........................................................................................255
9.2.2 String Concatenation...........................................................................257
9.3 The Characters of a String..........................................................................259
9.3.1 Access to Characters...........................................................................259
9.3.2 Sub-Strings............................................................................................260
9.4 The CString Class.........................................................................................260
9.4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................260
9.4.2 String Initialization..............................................................................261
9.4.3 The String and its Length...................................................................261
9.5 Working with Individual Characters.........................................................263
9.5.1 Character Indexing..............................................................................263
9.5.2 Character Insertion..............................................................................264
9.5.3 Finding a Character.............................................................................264
6 © FunctionX, Inc.
Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

9.5.4 Character Identification......................................................................265
9.5.5 Removing Characters..........................................................................265
9.6 Sub Strings.....................................................................................................266
9.6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................266
9.6.2 Finding a Sub String............................................................................267
9.6.3 Character and String Removal...........................................................268
9.6.4 Replacing String Occurrences...........................................................268
9.6.5 String Formatting.................................................................................269
9.7 Operations on Strings...................................................................................270
9.7.1 About Constructing a String..............................................................270
9.7.2 String Assignment...............................................................................270
9.7.3 String Copy...........................................................................................271
9.7.4 Strings and Their Cases......................................................................271
9.8 String Comparisons......................................................................................272
9.8.1 Case Sensitivity....................................................................................272
9.8.2 Case Insensitivity.................................................................................273
CHAPTER 10: CHARACTERISTICS OF A WINDOW'S FRAME........277
10.1 Introduction to Win32 Library..................................................................278
10.1.1..Overview...............................................................................................278
10.1.2..The Framework....................................................................................279
10.1.3..A Window's Instance..........................................................................280
10.1.4..The Command Line.............................................................................281
10.1.5..Frame Display Options.......................................................................282
10.1.6..Window Class Initialization..............................................................282
10.1.7..Window Registration..........................................................................291
10.2 Window Creation.........................................................................................292
10.2.1..The Main Window..............................................................................292
10.2.2..The Window Class Name...................................................................294
10.2.3..The Window Name .............................................................................296
10.2.4..Windows Styles...................................................................................297
10.2.5..Window's Location and Size .............................................................298
10.2.6..Window's Parenting............................................................................305
10.2.7..The Window's Menu...........................................................................306
10.2.8..Window Display..................................................................................309
10.2.9..Considering Window's Messages.....................................................310
10.3 The Mini Frame Window...........................................................................314
10.3.1..Introduction..........................................................................................314
10.3.2..Creation of a Miniframe Window.....................................................314
CHAPTER 11: INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS CONTROLS............317
11.1 Controls Fundamentals...............................................................................318
11.1.1..Introduction..........................................................................................318
11.1.2..The Parent-Child Window Relationship..........................................320
11.2 Parent Controls.............................................................................................321
11.2.1..Definition..............................................................................................321
11.2.2..Parent Windows Styles.......................................................................321
11.3 Windows Controls.......................................................................................321
11.3.1..Introduction..........................................................................................322
11.3.2..Control Creation Options...................................................................322
11.3.3..The Control's Class Name..................................................................325
11.3.4..The Control's Window Name............................................................327
11.4 Controls Styles and Common Properties.................................................327
11.4.1..Childhood..............................................................................................327
11.4.2..Visibility................................................................................................328
© FunctionX, Inc. 7
Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

11.4.3..Availability...........................................................................................329
11.4.4..Borders..................................................................................................330
11.4.5..Tab Sequence.......................................................................................331
11.5 Extended Styles............................................................................................332
11.5.1..Introduction..........................................................................................332
11.5.2..Left Text Alignment............................................................................333
11.5.3..Right Text Alignment.........................................................................333
11.5.4..Extended Borders................................................................................334
11.5.5..Controls Location and Dimensions..................................................336
11.5.6..Parenthood............................................................................................339
11.5.7..Control Identification..........................................................................339
CHAPTER 12: DIALOG-BASED WINDOWS...............................................343
12.1 Dialog Boxes................................................................................................344
12.1.1..Overview...............................................................................................344
12.1.2..Dialog Box Creation...........................................................................346
12.1.3..Dialog Box Location...........................................................................347
12.1.4..Dialog Box Dimensions.....................................................................348
12.1.5..Windows Styles for a Dialog Box....................................................350
12.1.6..Dialog Box Styles................................................................................355
12.1.7..Extended Windows Styles for a Dialog Box..................................356
12.1.8..Creating the Dialog Resource File....................................................359
12.1.9..Creating a Class for the Dialog.........................................................360
12.1.10Dialog Box Methods...........................................................................361
12.2 Modal Dialog Boxes...................................................................................362
12.2.1..Dialog-Based Applications................................................................362
12.2.2..The MFC Wizard for a Dialog-Based Application........................364
12.2.3..A Modal Dialog Box in an Application...........................................366
12.3 Property Sheets and Wizards.....................................................................367
12.3.1..Introduction to Property Pages..........................................................367
12.3.2..Creating Property Pages.....................................................................368
12.3.3..Property Sheets....................................................................................374
12.3.4..Wizard Pages........................................................................................378
CHAPTER 13: CONTROL DESIGN..................................................................381
13.1 Forms.............................................................................................................382
13.1.1..Introduction..........................................................................................382
13.1.2..Form Creation......................................................................................382
13.2 Dialog Box Messages and Events.............................................................384
13.2.1..The Dialog Box as a Control Initializer...........................................384
13.2.2..Other Dialog-Based Windows Messages........................................388
13.2.3..Control-Related Messages.................................................................389
13.3 Floating Windows.......................................................................................389
13.3.1..Introduction..........................................................................................390
13.3.2..The Modeless Dialog Box..................................................................390
13.3.3..Modeless Property Sheets..................................................................395
13.4 Control Design.............................................................................................399
13.4.1..Controls Selection and Addition.......................................................399
13.4.2..Control’s Location and Size Using Grids........................................400
13.4.3..Control’s Location and Size Without Grids....................................401
13.4.4..Selecting Controls on a Parent Window..........................................404
13.4.5..Controls Resizing................................................................................406
13.4.6..Controls Positions................................................................................408
13.4.7..Tab Ordering........................................................................................409
8 © FunctionX, Inc.
Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

CHAPTER 14: CONTROLS FUNCTIONALITY.........................................411
14.1 Handling Controls.......................................................................................412
14.1.1..Introduction..........................................................................................412
14.1.2..Control's Control Variables:..............................................................414
14.1.3..The Control’s Data Exchange...........................................................417
14.1.4..Control’s Value Variables..................................................................418
14.1.5..Controls Event Handlers....................................................................420
14.2 Controls Management.................................................................................421
14.2.1..Control’s Identification......................................................................421
14.2.2..The Client Area....................................................................................424
14.2.3..The Screen and Client Coordinates..................................................428
14.2.4..The Window: Its Location and Dimensions...................................432
14.2.5..The Handle or Pointer to a Window.................................................435
14.2.6..The Text of a Control..........................................................................436
14.2.7..Controls Values Update......................................................................441
14.2.8..Window’s Focus..................................................................................443
14.2.9..The Window’s Visibility....................................................................444
14.2.10The Window’s Availability...............................................................446
14.3 Access to a Controls Instance and Handle..............................................447
14.3.1..The Instance of an Application.........................................................447
14.3.2..The Handle to a Window...................................................................447
14.4 Getting Access to a Control.......................................................................448
14.4.1..Retrieving Control Information.........................................................449
14.4.2..Changing Control Information..........................................................450
CHAPTER 15: FUNDAMENTAL CONTROLS............................................453
15.1 Static Controls..............................................................................................454
15.1.1..Introduction..........................................................................................454
15.1.2..Static Control Properties....................................................................454
15.1.3..The Picture Control.............................................................................456
15.2 Animation Controls.....................................................................................458
15.2.1..Overview...............................................................................................458
15.2.2..Animation Control and Properties....................................................459
15.2.3..Animation Methods.............................................................................460
15.3 Group Boxes.................................................................................................463
15.3.1..Introduction..........................................................................................463
15.3.2..Group Box Properties and Data Exchange......................................463
15.4 Command Buttons.......................................................................................464
15.4.1..Overview...............................................................................................464
15.4.2..Command Buttons Properties and Methods....................................464
15.4.3..Buttons Messages................................................................................467
15.5 Property Sheet and Wizard Buttons.........................................................471
15.5.1..Property Sheet Buttons.......................................................................471
15.5.2..Wizard Buttons....................................................................................483
15.6 Bitmap Buttons............................................................................................485
15.6.1..Overview...............................................................................................486
15.6.2..Bitmap Button Implementation.........................................................486
CHAPTER 16: TEXT-BASED CONTROLS...................................................491
16.1 Labels ............................................................................................................492
16.1.1..Overview...............................................................................................492
16.1.2..Drawn Labels.......................................................................................494
16.1.3..Static Labels.........................................................................................496
16.2 Edit Controls ................................................................................................498
© FunctionX, Inc. 9
Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

16.2.1..Introduction..........................................................................................498
16.2.2..Edit Control Characteristics...............................................................500
16.2.3..Multiline Edit Boxes...........................................................................509
16.2.4..Edit Control Messages........................................................................510
16.3 The Rich Edit Control.................................................................................514
16.3.1..Overview...............................................................................................514
16.3.2..A Rich Edit Control............................................................................514
16.3.3..Rich Edit Properties............................................................................516
CHAPTER 17: TRACK-BASED CONTROLS...............................................523
17.1 Spin Button...................................................................................................524
17.1.1..Overview...............................................................................................524
17.1.2..Creating a Spin Button.......................................................................526
17.1.3..The Spin Button Properties................................................................528
17.1.4..Methods of Managing an UpDown Control...................................529
17.1.5..The Spin Button Events......................................................................535
17.2 The UpDown Control.................................................................................538
17.2.1..Overview...............................................................................................538
17.2.2..Using an UpDown Control................................................................540
17.2.3..The UpDown Control Events............................................................543
17.3 Slider Controls.............................................................................................545
17.3.1..Overview...............................................................................................545
17.3.2..Slider Creation.....................................................................................550
17.3.3..Slider Properties...................................................................................551
17.3.4..Slider Methods.....................................................................................554
17.3.5..Slider Events........................................................................................557
CHAPTER 18: PROGRESS-BASED CONTROLS.......................................559
18.1 Timers............................................................................................................560
18.1.1..Overview...............................................................................................560
18.1.2..The Timer Control...............................................................................561
18.1.3..The Timer Messages and Methods...................................................562
18.1.4..The Tick Counter.................................................................................564
18.2 Progress Controls.........................................................................................567
18.2.1..Overview...............................................................................................567
18.2.2..Progress Bar Properties......................................................................568
18.2.3..Progress Control Methods and Events.............................................569
18.3 Progress Bars................................................................................................572
18.3.1..Introduction..........................................................................................572
18.3.2..Creating Progress Bars.......................................................................572
18.3.3..Progress Bars Methods and Events..................................................575
18.4 Scroll Bars....................................................................................................577
18.4.1..Introduction..........................................................................................577
18.4.2..Creating Scroll Bars on Views and Dialog Boxes.........................578
18.4.3..Creating a Scroll Bar Control............................................................583
18.4.4..ScrollBar Properties............................................................................586
18.4.5..Scroll Bar Methods..............................................................................589
18.4.6..Scroll Bar Events.................................................................................593
18.5 Flat Scroll Bars............................................................................................596
18.5.1..Overview...............................................................................................596
18.5.2..Flat Scroll Bar Properties...................................................................596
18.5.3..Flat Scroll Bar Methods and Events.................................................598
CHAPTER 19: SELECTION-BASED CONTROLS.....................................599
10 © FunctionX, Inc.