VIRAL MYTHOLOGY HOW THE TRUTH OF THE ANCIENTS WAS ENCODED AND PASSED DOWN THROUGH LEGEND, ART, AND ARCHITECTURE MARIE D. JONES and LARRY FLAXMAN Copyright ©2014 by Marie D. Jones and Larry Flaxman All rights reserved under the Pan-American and International Copyright Conventions. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system now known or hereafter invented, without written permission from the publisher, The Career Press. Unless otherwise indicated, images are in the public domain. VIRAL MYTHOLOGY EDITED BY JODI BRANDON TYPESET BY EILEEN MUNSON Cover design by Zoe Shtorm Printed in the U.S.A. To order this title, please call toll-free 1-800-CAREER-1 (NJ and Canada: 201- 848-0310) to order using VISA or MasterCard, or for further information on books from Career Press. The Career Press, Inc. 220 West Parkway, Unit 12 Pompton Plains, NJ 07444 www.careerpress.com www.newpagebooks.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress has cataloged the print edition as follows: Jones, Marie D., 1961— Viral mythology : how the truth of the ancients was encoded and passed down through legend, art, and architecture / Marie Jones, Larry Flaxman. -- 1 pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Behind every myth, fairy tale, and legend--hidden within the art, song, and structures of ancient times--is an encoded layer of wisdom, science, and truth passed down throughout history. This book will examine how information went “viral” long before the Internet, and served as the foundation information went “viral” long before the Internet, and served as the foundation for mythology, sacred architecture, and symbolic imagery throughout the ancient world”-- Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-60163295-1 (paperback) -- ISBN 978-1-60163-496-2 (ebook) 1. Myth. 2. Mythology. I. Flaxman, Larry. II. Title. BL304.J66 2014 201’.3--dc23 2013040943 This book is dedicated to Max Jones and Mary Essa Flaxman. The information of the past and present is theirs to build a better future with. May they use it well. Acknowledgments Marie and Larry would like to acknowledge Lisa Hagan, our amazing agent, who is a superhero who makes things happen! Thank you, Lisa, for everything! To Michael and Laurie Pye and the team at New Page Books, you guys ROCK. Thanks for another chance to spread our gospel and have fun doing it! To the amazing team at Warwick Associates, you make us look so good! To all the people who contributed to this book, we appreciate your time and insights more than we can say. And to our fans and followers and friends and radio hosts and supporters, and even our enemies, you guys make it all worthwhile; we thank you from the bottom of our hearts! Marie wishes to also thank: To my mom, Milly, who never ceases to be there for me and is always supportive and loving, the best things a mom could ever be. What would I do without you? And to my dad, John, who watches from heaven, smiling, thanks for all you instilled in me and taught me. To my sister and best friend, Angella, you are my support column and confidante and so much more! To my brother, John, thanks for all your humor and craziness! To my dear friends, my writer colleagues, and my Wahines, what would I do without any of you? Let me once again thank Larry Flaxman, for the long conversations that lead to new ideas, for the laughs, the friendship, the sad times we picked each other up, the happy times we bubbled over with excitement, for the long and frustrating periods of hard work, and then waiting for the payoffs, for pushing me to think deeper and wider and bigger and challenging me to do better and be a better person, and for all the amazing good times that await us as we venture forth into new territory. I treasure it all, Larry. Are you sick of me yet? There is so much more to come! And to my son, Max, who is my universe, my sun, my moon, my heart, and my soul. Everything I do, I do it for you. Larry would like to thank: There are so many amazing people in my life that attempting to cram them all into a few paragraphs is impossible. With that being said, please know that I am eternally grateful, and would like to apologize in advance if I have failed to mention your name. Firstly, I would like to thank my mom, Sheila, and my dad, Norman, for providing such a loving, nurturing childhood and upbringing. Those formative years have absolutely instilled in me the qualities and traits that have served to mold and form me into the man I am today. I am so incredibly honored to be your son and learn from the best. Not a day goes by that I don’t miss seeing or hearing your voices. I love you both more than words, and look forward to the day that we will be reunited in “The Grid.” I would also like to thank my wife, Emily, for understanding (and tolerating!) my often-hectic working hours and crazy travel schedule. I can’t even imagine how difficult it must be! In addition, I am extremely thankful to all of my friends, fans, and associates that provide me with advice, comments, ideas, and motivation. You folks make the long hours and sleepless nights worthwhile! Marie D. Jones, I don’t even know where to start. I look back over the last six years and continue to be amazed at what we have been able to accomplish together. We absolutely make one hell of a team! Despite both experiencing profound loss last year, we have managed to rise above, and motivate, inspire, and encourage not only others, but each other. I am so incredibly thankful that you are in my life. You are truly a wonderful friend, and I am so honored to not only call you my friend, but to work exclusively with you. My mom always used to say, “To health, wealth, and happiness!” and I couldn’t agree more. So this brings us to the last and most significant person that I would like to thank: my daughter, Mary Essa. I am so proud to call you my daughter. Words cannot even describe how much you mean to me. Every time I look in your eyes I see a window to my own soul. Your sense of wonderment mirrors and parallels my own, and I look forward to many more exciting adventures with you. I love you more than life itself! Contents Foreword by Heather Lynn, PhD Prologue Introduction: Going Viral Chapter 1: Information, Please: How We Spread It, How We Get It Chapter 2: Every Picture Tells a Story (Don’t It?): Image, Art, and Symbol Chapter 3: Of Gods and Goddesses: The Rise of the Written Word Chapter 4: Once Upon a Time: Story, Lore, and Legend Chapter 5: Archeoenigmas: Things out of Time and Place Chapter 6: Hidden Wisdom, Secret Truths Chapter 7: Outsourced: Ancient Aliens, Invisible Fields, and Other Outside Information Sources Chapter 8: The Stories of Our Lives: How Today’s Ideas Will Become Tomorrow’s Viral Mythology Conclusion Bibliography Index About the Authors Foreword Collective Consciousness and Cloud Computing by Heather Lynn, PhD Consider for a moment a smartphone, laptop, and a desktop computer. Though individually different in appearance and function, these devices can often communicate with one another. In recent years, there has been a move toward cloud computing, whereby varying electronic devices can share and retrieve data through a remote source. In my point of view, this is somewhat analogous to the way information seemed to “go viral” among humans during ancient times. I call it the “Cosmic Cloud Computing” theory. However, by only looking at the material evidence that is found in the archaeological record, we may actually limit our understanding of how information spread in the ancient world. First, we must establish how truly limited our knowledge of history is. Though primary schools may imply otherwise, our narrative of ancient cultures has only recently been written. Apart from a handful of religious texts, comparably few primary sources exist in the historical record about the lives and cultures of some of the earliest civilizations. Our current understanding of these civilizations is due in large part to the careful reconstruction of evidence from excavations and the subsequent analysis of artifacts. The greatest majority of this research has only been in the past few hundred years—just a speck on the time line of the history of man. Originally seen as a hobby, antiquarianism, as it was initially called, has been around since at least the first millennium BCE, as noted in ancient Greek texts that ponder lost technologies based on stone. Inquiry into the past has likely always been a part of human interests. People have searched for missing treasures and artifacts since prehistory and have routinely looted graves. However, the transformation of this informal activity into a science did not take place until the 17th and 18th centuries CE. The first systematic archaeological excavations are considered to have taken place in the 18th century, beginning with three significant sites: the Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii in 1738, Thomas Jefferson’s excavations in Virginia in 1784, and Napoleon’s famous Egyptian excavations in 1798. The Virginia in 1784, and Napoleon’s famous Egyptian excavations in 1798. The study of these sites eventually led to a boon of discoveries in the years ahead, from the Sumerian discoveries in 1899 to the discoveries of the Minoan, Olmec, and so on. Organizational efforts started to occur with the formation of antiquarian societies in the 19th century. Many of these societies observed basic guidelines regarding the classification of artifacts, the use of field notes and photography to record excavations, and the publication of results. It is also in these societies that we see the beginning of cooperative excavation and concern for the rights of indigenous people. Upon reflection, it becomes shockingly apparent just how new archaeology is. The science of archaeology and related discoveries hit critical mass in the early part of the 20th century and has snowballed ever since. This has led to some of the most important and magnificent archaeological discoveries ever made. Still, archaeology continues to develop both as a science and as a profession, as does our understanding of our collective past. So how does archaeology explain the transmission of common themes in myths, legends, art, structures, and belief systems of the ancient world? Not adequately and certainly not conclusively. As our knowledge of the past is continuously changing, so are our theories and explanations. The best place to begin examining the transmission of communication in ancient history is in Mesopotamia. This encompasses the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq. By at least the fourth millennium BCE, the first urban cultures started to form. These early civilizations included the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. A substantial amount of knowledge has been gained from these civilizations due to their meticulous record-keeping. In Mesopotamia, as well as in Egypt, there was a quickening of cultural development and a population increase in the last centuries of the fourth millennium BCE. In a blink of an eye (about 300 years), we see complex structures, theologies, and written languages emerge. The reasons for this quickening remain a mystery and are still being debated by scholars. However, one school of thought is that advances in these civilizations were brought about by incursions of people from Western Asia. Some researchers believe in the existence of an “Asiatic Invasion” that transformed an earlier African culture and established the foundations on which the dynastic state was brought about. However, this view has no firm support in the archaeological record. This is not to imply that there was no contact. There is little doubt about the cultural relations between Egypt and Western Asia. Many researchers believe that
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