Vibration and Wear in High Speed Rotating Machinery PDF
Preview Vibration and Wear in High Speed Rotating Machinery
Vibration and Wear in High Speed Rotating Machinery NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo Series E: Applied Sciences· Vol. 174 Vibration and Wear in High Speed Rotating Machinery edited by J. M. Montalvao e Silva and F. A. Pina da Silva CEMUL, Lisbon Institute of Technology, Lisbon, Portugal Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Vibration and Wear Damage in High Speed Rotating Machinery Troia, Sebutal, Portugal April 10-22, 1989 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on Vibration and Wear Damage in High Speed Rotating Machinery (1989 , Troia. Portugal) Vibration and wear in high ~peed rotating machinery / edited by J.M. Montalvao e Si lva and F.A. Pina da Si lva (CEMUL. Lisbon Institute of Technology). p. cm. -- (NATO ASI series. Series E. Applied sciences; vol. 174) 1. Turbomachines--Vibration. 2. Mechanical wear. I. Montalvao e Si lva. J. M. (J,jll0 Martins). 1945- II. Pina da Si lva. F. A. (Fernando Antonio). 1946- III. Tj"le. IV. Series: NATO AS! ~eries. SerIes E. Applied sciences; no. 174. TJ266.N36 1989 621.406--ac20 89-24635 ISBN -13: 978-94-010-7354-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1914-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1914-3 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322,3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1990 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. CONTENTS PREFACE ix PART I - PARTICLE AND WEAR DEBRIS ANALYSIS Particles in Lubricating Oils - Sources and Consequences - by E. Jantzen Condition Monitoring of Machine Elements: Particle Separation and Investigation by E. Jantzen 13 Condition Monitoring of Machine Elements - Measuring Methods for Particle Amount and Size by E. Jantzen 35 Lubricants - Indicators for Oil System Damage and Malfunction by K. Maier 49 Early Failure Detection by Spectrometric Methods by K. Maier 63 Magnetic Methods of Condition Monitoring ~K.M~ ~ PART 11-EROSION, FRETTING WEAR AND VillRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS Cavitation Noise in Centrifugal Pumps by J. F. Guelich 87 Part Load Flow Phenomena and Excitation Forces in Centrifugal Pumps by J. F. Guelich 113 Estimation of Erosion Rates and Implosion Pressures in Cavitating Pumps and Cavitation Test Device by J. F. Guelich 135 Vibrations and Fretting Wear by Y. Berthier, L. Vincent and M. Godet 153 Wear Testing of Materials for Machines by D. S. Coleman 185 Wear Analysis of Vanes Pumps Running with Thickened High Water Based Fluids by H. Ortwig 203 Machinery Vibration Measurements and Analysis by J. M. Montalvao e Silva 221 Critical Speeds of Continuous Shaft-Disc Systems by M. Sabuncu and A. Ka~ar 241 A Theoretical Study into the Effects of Damped Flexible Foundations on the Dynamic Behaviour of a 66 0MW LP Steam Turbine by P. S. Leung, I. A. Craighead and T. S. Wilkinson 253 vi A General Method for Rotordynamic Analysis by K.-H. Becker and E. Steinhardt 263 Vibration of Rotor-Bearing Assemblies byR. Holmes 279 Modal Testing Techniques by D. J. Ewins 299 Applications and Advances of Modal Testing by D. J. Ewins 311 Modal Testing of Machinery Components by D. J. Ewins 323 Solid Particle Erosion in Electric Power Plants by R. Martinella 339 PART III - ROTOR/BEARING BEHAVIOUR On Bearing Deformation and Temperature Distribution in Dynamically-Loaded Engine Bearings by R. Holmes 385 The Control of Rotor Vibration Using Squeeze-Film Dampers by R. Holmes 399 Flow Efficiency and Excitation in Turbine Stages by N. F. Rieger 413 An Electroviscous Damper by J. L. Nikolajsen and M. S. Hoque 445 Dynamic Behaviour of Hydrostatic Radial Bearings by M. Vermeulen 455 Stability of Rotating Machines Running in Variable Stiffness Bearings by M. J. Goodwin, M. P. Roach and J. E. T. Penny 471 Gas Bearing Design and Instabilities by F. Pina da Silva 487 Identification of Stiffness, Damping and Inertia Coefficients of Annular Turbulent Seals by R. Nordmann 507 Identification of Modal Parameters of an Elastic Rotor With Oil Film Bearings by R. Nordmann 527 The Effect of Translational and Conical Bearing Misalignment on the Response and Stability of a Non-Linear Rotor Bearing System by P. J. Ogrodnik, M. J. Goodwin and J. E. T. Penny 547 Stability of Flexible Rotor Supported on Journal Bearings by F. Kaya 559 Non Linear Effects in Lubricated Bearings by G. Diana, F. Cheli, A. Manenti and F. Petrone 567 Foundation Effects in Rotor Dynamic Behaviour by G. Diana 581 A Method for Dynamics Calculations of Rotor-Bearing-Foundation Systems by J. W. Lund 593 Dynamic Coefficients for Fluid Film Journal Bearings by J. W. Lund 605 vii Destabilization of Rotors from Friction in Internal Joints by I. W.Lund 617 PART IV - EXPERT SYSTEMS AND LIFE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES A Survey of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Gear Teeth Contacts by P. Ve1ex and D. Berthe 631 Remaining Life Evalutation for Steam Turbine Blades by N. F. Rieger 653 Remaining Life Evaluation for Steam Turbine Rotors by N. F. Rieger 685 A Measurement System for Computer Aided Monitoring of Bearings by H. Karagiille and H. F. Oktem 723 Ten Crucial Concepts Behind Trustworthy Fault Detection in Machine Condition Monitoring by M. Serridge 729 Some Requirements for Automated Data-Reduction Systems Suitable for Processing Vibration Measurements Taken on High-Speed Rotating Machinery for the Support of Operational and Maintenance Decisions by G. L. Muster IT and D. Muster 741 An Intelligent Knowledge Based System for Fault Diagnosis in Turbomachinery by C. Steinebach and M. F. White 759 The Use of Rotordynamics Simulation as an Aid for Fault Diagnosis in Turbomachinery by M. F. White, C. Steinebach and P. M. Langas 773 "Fail-Safe" Concept and Reliability in High-Speed Bearing Arrangements for Aerospace Tur bomachinery by F. J. Ebert 783 Machinery Diagnostics: Examples of Application to Thermoelectric Plants by G. Diana, M Gasparetto and A. Vania 805 Analyse Fonctionnelle de la Microgeometrie d'un Contact E.H.D .. Critere d'Endommagement en Fatigue Superficielle by L. Flamand, Ph. Sainsot and D. Berthe 815 SUBJECT INDEX 847 PREFACE T~~botogy and Vynam~c~ a~e u6uatty con6~de~ed a~ 6epa~ate 6ubject6. Acco~d~ngty, ~e6ea~che~6 ~n th06e two 6~etd6 6etdom meet, de6p~te, the 6act that the~e ~6 a con~~de~a bie ove~tap 06 ~nte~e~t~ namety when deat~ng w~th ~otat~ng mach~ne~y cond~t~on mon~to~~ng. Rotat~ng mach~ne~ a~e u~ed ~n atmo~t eve~y ~ndu~t~~at appt~cat~on namety m~t~ta~y, powe~ gene~at~on, chem~cat , 600d p~oce6~~ng, etc. Any powe~ u~e~ o~ gene~at~ng ~y~tem ~6 ba6ed on ~otat~ng mach~ne~ 6uch a~ tu~b~ne~, 6an~, pump6, comp~e~~o~~, etc. mak~ng the ~c~ent~6ic e660~t~ in the 6~etd 06 ~otat~ng mach~ne~y in ~ecent yea~~ wett ju~t~6~ed. Fa~tu~e 06 ~otat~ng component~, due to wea~ andlo~ v~b~a t~on p~obtem~, ~~ 6t~tt d~66~cutt to p~ed~ct and ~e~utt~ 6~eQuentty 6~om ~nadeQuaxe de~~gn. Thi~ i~ o~iginaxed by ~mpe~6ecx knowtedge 06 the acxuat behav~ou~ 06 xhe ~y~tem~ Ve~pixe xhe p~og~e~~ achieved in xhe 6ietd~ 06 x~ibotogy and dynamic~, a tack 06 communicaxion ctea~ty ~xitl exi~x~ between xh06e ~nvolved in de~ign and developmenx ~n indu~- x~y and ~e~ea~ch team~ in un~ve~~ixie6 and othe~ li~hmenx~. B~inging togethe~ x~ibotog~6t~ and dynam~c~6t~ ~n o~de~ xo cont~ibute xo inc~ea6e p~og~e~6 ~n both 6ietd~ wa~ the main object~6 06 the NATO AVVANCEV STUVY INSTITUTE (ASI) on "VIBRATION ANV WEAR VAMAGE IN HIGH SPEW ROTATING MACHINERY" hetd ~n T~oia, Po~xugat, 10xh to 22nd Ap~il 1989, and o~ga n~zed by CEMUL-Cente~ 06 Mechan~c~ and Maxe~ial~ 06 the Technicat Un~ve~~~ty 06 Li~bon. In thi~ way ~t wa~ env~6aged to make a gtobat a~~e~~menx 06 6a~tu~e~ ~n ~otax~ng mach~ne~y. Speciat xopic~ 06 g~ow~ng ix x impo~~anee we~e eove~ed, namely phy~ieal and ma~hema~ieal -modelling, modal analy~i~ and ~y~~em iden~i&iea~ion, ba laneing, in&luenee 0& bea~ing behaviou~ in ~he dynamie 0& ~o~o~~, in~e~ae~ion wi~h &ounda~ion~, in~~abili~y ~h~e~hold, non-linea~ a~pee~~, vib~a~ion mea~u~ing and moni~o~ing, ~peei&ie lub~iea~ion analy~i~ (&ilt~a~ion, pa~tiele monito~ ing, ete.). Thi~ booR eontain~ the edited ve~~ion 0& leetu~e~ and ~e~ea~eh eont~ibution~ p~e~ented at the mentioned ASI. The In~titute wa~ at~ended by 52 pa~tieipant~, ineluding 12 leetu~e~~, &~om 7 eount~ie~. Pa~~ieipant~ ineluded leading ~eienti~t~ and enginee~~ &~om unive~~itie~, ~e~ea~eh in~t~ tution~ and indu~t~y, and al~o po~t g~aduate ~tudent~. Some pa~tieipant~ p~e~ented pape~~ du~ing the In~titute, ~e po~ting the ~~ate-o&-the-a~t 0& thei~ ~e~ea~eh p~ojeet~. Ail the ~e~~ion~ we~e ve~y aetive and exten~ive di~eu~~ion~ on ~eienti&ie a~peet~ took plaee. The~e&o~e thi~ ASI wa~ ~eally a &o~um &o~ inte~aetion among expe~t~ and young ~e~ea~ehe~~. The p~e~en~ booR will be 0& high inte~e~t &o~ young ~eienti~t~ and enginee~~ wo~king in t~ibology and dynamie~ 0& ~y~tem~ and looRing &o~ updated view on wea~ and vib~ation in high ~peed ~otating maehnine~y. A &u~the~ eont~ibution &o~ thi~ pu~po~e i~ given by the ext en ~ive numbe~ 0& ~e&e~enee~ p~e~ented in ail the main leetu~e~. Without the ~pon~o~~hip and &inaneial ~uppo~t 0& ~he Seienti &ie A&&ai~~ Vivi~ion 0& NATO, the In~titute, and the~e&o~e thi~ booR, would not have been po~~ible. The &inaneial ~uppo~t 0& ~pon~o~~ like "INIC" and "JNICT" al~o eon~~ibuted deei~ively to the ~ueee~~ 0& the In~titute. The Edito~~ deeply app~eeia~e ail the adviee and help ~n o~ganizing the In~titute given by V~. Veiga da Cunha 0& the Seienti&ie A&&ai~~ Vivi~ion 06 NATO. They a~e al~o in debted to ali membe~~ 0& the O~ganizing Committee, mainly, P~06. Vavid Ewin~ (I.C.) and P~06. Mau~iee Godet (INSA). 60~ xi .th t).Jl r nl.d'[.tu:t e. They ane al~o mo~:t gna.tenul :to all au:thon~ non :the ennon:t ,[n pnepan,[ng :the lec.tune~ and con:tn'[bu:t,[on~ ,[n :t,[me allowing :thi~ book .to be publi~hed a~ ntquined. Special .thank~ ant due :to CEMUL ~.ta66, I~abtl T. Fon~eea, An.tonia Ro~a and Manina di Na.tale non :thein ennon:t in :the adm,[ni~:tna.tive planning and ~uppon.t duning :the ASI and pn~ pana.tion 06 :the oniginal on :the book. L'[~bon, 1989-08-07 '=; .. }.JJ;try~ ~ J. Mon:talvao e Silva F. P'[na da S'[lva
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