(cid:54)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:19) (cid:45)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71) (cid:51)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77) (cid:53)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:7)(cid:83) (cid:39)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:69) (cid:42)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:85)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:89) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:17)(cid:18) (cid:45)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:6)(cid:45)(cid:73)(cid:67)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:45)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:36)(cid:73)(cid:86)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:115) (cid:46)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:35)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:33)(cid:84)(cid:77)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:67)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:67)(cid:72) Foreword This User’s Guide describes the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) Version 3.3 modeling system, released in April 2011. As the ARW is developed further, this document will be continuously enhanced and updated. Please send feedback to [email protected]. This document is complementary to the ARW Tech Note (http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/arw_v3.pdf), which describes the equations, numerics, boundary conditions, and nesting etc. in greater detail. Highlights of updates to WRFV3.3 include: • New physics options: Cumulus parameterization and shallow convection options: o Tiedtke scheme with shallow convection and momentum transport (contributed by Wang and Zhang, U. of Hawaii) New SAS (Simplified Arakawa Schubert) with shallow convection and momentum transport (contributed by Hong et al. of Yonsei University, South Korea) SAS (adapted to work with ARW) with shallow convection (contributed by Wang and Zhang, U. of Hawaii) Zhang-McFarlane (adapted from Community Earth System Model, contributed by PNNL) University of Washington shallow convection (Bretherton and Park, adapted from CESM by PNNL) A new trigger function in Kain-Fritsch Stony Brook University microphysics (contributed by Lin and Colle) o Goddard long- and short-wave atmospheric radiation scheme (contributed by o Shi and Matsui of Goddard Space Flight Center) PBL options o Total Energy – Mass Flux (contributed by Angevine of NOAA) University of Washington TKE (Bretherton and Park, adapted from CESM by PNNL) Wind-farm (drag) parameterization scheme (contributed by Fitch of o University of Bergen, Norway) • Stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme for perturbing forecasts (contributed by Berner of NCAR) • One-way nested DFI • Addition of idealized tropical cyclone test case (contributed by Bryan of NCAR) • Improvement for inland lake temperature setting in pre-processing • WRF-Chemistry (with contributions from PNNL) Coupling of aerosol-cloud interactions to Morrison scheme o Coupling of aerosol-radiation interactions to RRTMG SW/LW o MOSAIC-SOA (secondary organic aerosols) package, and coupling with o aerosol optical property module Simple experimental large scale wet deposition scheme o Refined dust treatment; option to run only dust o Volcanic ash parameterization; option to run only volcanic ash o Time averaged Cloud fraction, cloud water mixing ratios from convective o parameterization made available for WRF (G3 only) • WRF-DA updates: V10 RTTOV radiative transfer model o Capability to generate forecast sensitivity to observations o New background error option (cv6) o 4DVAR redesigned/upgraded o • Software framework enhancements: Improved scalability of the WRF asynchronous I/O (Quilting) option with o support for pNetCDF parallel I/O Speeding up WPS/metgrid and program real by processing boundary zones o only For the latest version of this document, please visit the ARW Users’ Web site at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/. Contributors to this guide: Wei Wang, Cindy Bruyère, Michael Duda, Jimy Dudhia, Dave Gill, Hui-Chuan Lin, John Michalakes, Syed Rizvi, and Xin Zhang. Contributors to WRF-Fire chapter: Jonathan D. Beezley, Janice L. Coen, and Jan Mandel CONTENTS 1. Overview − Introduction ................................................................................. 1-1 − The WRF Modeling System Program Components ..................... 1-2 2. Software Installation − Introduction .................................................................................. 2-1 − Required Compilers and Scripting Languages ............................. 2-2 − Required/Optional Libraries to Download ..................................... 2-2 − Post-Processing Utilities .............................................................. 2-3 − Unix Environment Settings ........................................................... 2-4 − Building the WRF Code ................................................................ 2-5 − Building the WPS Code ................................................................ 2-6 − Building the WRFDA Code ........................................................... 2-7 3. The WRF Preprocessing System (WPS) − Introduction ................................................................................. 3-1 − Function of Each WPS Program ................................................. 3-2 − Installing the WPS ....................................................................... 3-4 − Running the WPS ........................................................................ 3-7 − Creating Nested Domains with the WPS ................................... 3-18 − Selecting Between USGS and MODIS-based Land Use Classifications ........................................................... 3-20 − Selecting Static Data for the Gravity Wave Drag Scheme ........ 3-21 − Using Multiple Meteorological Data Sources ............................. 3-22 − Alternative Initialization of Lake SSTs…………………………… 3-25 − Parallelism in the WPS .............................................................. 3-27 − Checking WPS Output .............................................................. 3-27 − WPS Utility Programs ................................................................ 3-28 − Writing Meteorological Data to the Intermediate Format ........... 3-32 − Creating and Editing Vtables ..................................................... 3-34 − Writing Static Data to the Geogrid Binary Format ..................... 3-36 − Description of Namelist Variables ............................................. 3-39 − Description of GEOGRID.TBL Options ..................................... 3-44 − Description of index Options ..................................................... 3-47 − Description of METGRID.TBL Options ...................................... 3-50 − Available Interpolation Options in Geogrid and Metgrid ............ 3-53 − Land Use and Soil Categories in the Static Data ...................... 3-56 − WPS Output Fields .................................................................... 3-58 4. WRF Initialization − Introduction ................................................................................. 4-1 − Initialization for Ideal Data Cases ................................................ 4-3 − Initialization for Real Data Cases ................................................ 4-6 WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide i CONTENTS 5. WRF Model − Introduction ................................................................................ 5-1 − Installing WRF ............................................................................ 5-2 − Running WRF ............................................................................. 5-7 − Examples of namelist for various applications .......................... 5-25 − Check Output ........................................................................... 5-27 − Trouble Shooting ....................................................................... 5-28 − Physics and Dynamics Options ................................................. 5-29 − Description of Namelist Variables ............................................. 5-42 − WRF Output Fields .................................................................... 5-69 6. WRF Data Assimilation − Introduction ................................................................................. 6-1 − Installing WRFDA for 3D-Var Run…. .......................................... 6-3 − Installing WRFPLUS and WRFDA for 4D-Var Run ..................... 6-7 − Running Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC) ...................... 6-9 − Running WRFDA ....................................................................... 6-14 − Radiance Data Assimilations in WRFDA ................................... 6-21 − Updating WRF boundary conditions .......................................... 6-31 − Running gen_be ........................................................................ 6-33 − Additional WRFDA Exercises .................................................... 6-36 − WRFDA with Multivariate Background Error (MBE) Statistics…6-38 − WRFDA Diagnostics ................................................................. 6-40 − Hybrid Data Assimilation in WRFDA ......................................... 6-43 − Description of Namelist Variables ............................................. 6-47 7. Objective Analysis (OBSGRID) − Introduction ................................................................................. 7-1 − Program Flow .............................................................................. 7-2 − Source of Observations ............................................................... 7-3 − Objective Analysis techniques in OBSGRID ............................... 7-4 − Quality Control for Observations ................................................. 7-6 − Additional Observations .............................................................. 7-6 − Surface FDDA option .................................................................. 7-7 − Objective Analysis on Model Nests ............................................. 7-7 − How to run OBSGRID ................................................................. 7-8 − Output Files ............................................................................... 7-10 − Plot Utilities ............................................................................... 7-12 − Observations Format ................................................................. 7-13 − OBSGRID Namelist ................................................................... 7-16 WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide ii CONTENTS 8. WRF Software − Introduction ................................................................................. 8-1 − WRF Build Mechanism ................................................................ 8-1 − Registry ....................................................................................... 8-5 − I/O Applications Program Interface (I/O API) ............................ 8-14 − Timekeeping ............................................................................. 8-14 − Software Documentation ........................................................... 8-15 − Performance ............................................................................. 8-15 9. Post-Processing Programs − Introduction ................................................................................. 9-1 − NCL .. .......................................................................................... 9-2 − RIP4 . ........................................................................................ 9-19 − ARWpost ................................................................................... 9-28 − UPP . ........................................................................................ 9-35 − VAPOR ..................................................................................... 9-58 10. Utilities and Tools − Introduction ............................................................................... 10-1 − read_wrf_nc .............................................................................. 10-1 − iowrf . ........................................................................................ 10-5 − p_interp ..................................................................................... 10-6 − TC Bogus Scheme .................................................................... 10-9 − v_interp ................................................................................... 10-11 − proc_oml.f ............................................................................... 10-13 − Tools ...................................................................................... 10-14 Appendix A: WRF-Fire − Introduction ................................................................................. A-1 − WRF_Fire in idealized cases ...................................................... A-3 − Fire variables in namelist.input ................................................... A-3 − namelist.fire ................................................................................. A-5 − Running WRF_Fire on real data.................................................. A-6 − Fire state variables .................................................................... A-12 − WRF-Fire software ................................................................... A-12 WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide iii CONTENTS WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide iv OVERVIEW Chapter 1: Overview Table of Contents • Introduction • The WRF ARW Modeling System Program Components Introduction The Advanced Research WRF (ARW) modeling system has been in development for the past few years. The current release is Version 3, available since April 2008. The ARW is designed to be a flexible, state-of-the-art atmospheric simulation system that is portable and efficient on available parallel computing platforms. The ARW is suitable for use in a broad range of applications across scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers, including: • Idealized simulations (e.g. LES, convection, baroclinic waves) • Parameterization research • Data assimilation research • Forecast research • Real-time NWP • Hurricane research • Regional climate research • Coupled-model applications • Teaching The Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of NCAR is currently maintaining and supporting a subset of the overall WRF code (Version 3) that includes: • WRF Software Framework (WSF) • Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamic solver, including one-way, two-way nesting and moving nest. • The WRF Preprocessing System (WPS) • WRF Data Assimilation (WRF-DA) system which currently supports 3DVAR 4DVAR, and hybrid data assimilation capabilities • Numerous physics packages contributed by WRF partners and the research community • Several graphics programs and conversion programs for other graphics tools And these are the subjects of this document. WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide 1-1 OVERVIEW The WRF modeling system software is in the public domain and is freely available for community use. The WRF Modeling System Program Components The following figure shows the flowchart for the WRF Modeling System Version 3. As shown in the diagram, the WRF Modeling System consists of these major programs: • The WRF Preprocessing System (WPS) • WRF-Var • ARW solver • Post-processing & Visualization tools WPS This program is used primarily for real-data simulations. Its functions include 1) defining simulation domains; 2) interpolating terrestrial data (such as terrain, landuse, and soil WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide 1-2 OVERVIEW types) to the simulation domain; and 3) degribbing and interpolating meteorological data from another model to this simulation domain. Its main features include: • GRIB 1/2 meteorological data from various centers around the world • USGS 24 category and MODIS 20 category land datasets • Map projections for 1) polar stereographic, 2) Lambert-Conformal, 3) Mercator and 4) latitude-longitude • Nesting • User-interfaces to input other static data as well as met data WRF-DA This program is optional, but can be used to ingest observations into the interpolated analyses created by WPS. It can also be used to update WRF model's initial conditions when the WRF model is run in cycling mode. Its main features are as follows: • It is based on an incremental variational data assimilation technique, and has both 3D- Var and 4D-Var capabilities • It also includes the capability of hybrid data assimilation (Variational + Ensemble) • The conjugate gradient method is utilized to minimize the cost function in the analysis control variable space • Analysis is performed on an un-staggered Arakawa A-grid • Analysis increments are interpolated to staggered Arakawa C-grid and it gets added to the background (first guess) to get the final analysis of the WRF-model grid • Conventional observation data input may be supplied either in ASCII format via the “obsproc” utility or “PREPBUFR” format. • Multiple satellite observation data input may be supplied in BUFR format • Multiple radar data (reflectivity & radial velocity) input is supplied through ASCII format • Multiple outer loop to address the nonlinearity • Capability to compute adjoint sensitivity • Horizontal component of the background (first guess) error is represented via a recursive filter (for regional) or power spectrum (for global). The vertical component is applied through projections on climatologically generated averaged eigenvectors and its corresponding Eigen values • Horizontal and vertical background errors are non-separable. Each eigenvector has its own horizontal climatologically-determined length scale • Preconditioning of the background part of the cost function is done via the control variable transform U defined as B= UUT • It includes the “gen_be” utility to generate the climatological background error covariance estimate via the NMC-method or ensemble perturbations • A utility program to update WRF boundary condition file after WRF-DA WRF-ARW V3: User’s Guide 1-3
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