Versatile Routing and Services with BGP: Understanding and Implementing BGP in SR-OS

362 Pages·2014·14.35 MB·English

by  Colin Bookham

Versatile Routing
and Services with
BGP
Understanding and Implementing BGP
in SR-OS
Colin Bookham
Versatile Routing and Services with BGP: Understanding and Implementing BGP in SR-OS
Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Copyright © 2014 by Alcatel-Lucent
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-1-118-87528-5
ISBN: 978-1-118-87521-6 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-118-87562-9 (ebk)
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To my wife, whose patience knows no bounds.
Credits
Executive Editor Business Manager
Carol Long Amy Knies
Project Editor Vice President and Executive Group
Martin V. Minner Publisher
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Senior Production Editor
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Alcatel-Lucent
About the Author
Colin Bookham is a consulting engineer at Alcatel-Lucent with more than 20 years of
experience in the telecommunications industry. He has designed or helped to design,
and supported, many large IP networks across a broad range of market segments in
EMEA.
Prior to working at Alcatel-Lucent, Colin spent a number of years working in IP
design and architecture for a UK operator. Before that, he spent the early years of his
career studying communications in the Royal Navy. Colin lives in Guildford, UK, and
can be reached at [email protected].
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Adam Simpson, Ian Cowburn, Jorge Rabadan, and Gilles Geerts for their
valuable input in validating the content for technical correctness and relevance.
Special thanks to Adam for his endless support and for never tiring of my questions.
Thanks to all those people who helped in some way in the technical reviews and
helped to fi x errors in the manuscript: Walter de Smedt, Guiu Fabregas, Bert Todts,
Patrick Colman, Rafa Portillo, Patrick Lynchehaun, Ian Dodds, Rob Shakir, Ilya
Varlashkin, and Bruno Decraene.
I also want to express my gratitude to Karyn Lennon and Stephanie Chasse who
guided me along this publishing initiative.
Finally, thanks to members of the Alcatel-Lucent senior management team—Wim
Henderickx, Rudy Hoebeke and Barry Denroche—for supporting me in the writing of
this book.
Contents
Foreword xi
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 Getting Started 1
Session Negotiation and Capabilities 3
UPDATE Messages 6
NOTIFICATION Messages 8
Multi-Protocol BGP 10
Chapter 2 BGP/MPLS IP-VPN 13
Basic Confi guration 14
Prefi x Dissemination 17
Automatic Route Filtering 17
Route Refresh 19
Outbound Route Filtering 20
Soft Reconfi guration 22
Route Target Constraint 22
Extensions for IPv6 VPN (6VPE) 29
Core Requirements 31
PE to CE BGP Peering 33
Multi-AS Backbones (Inter-AS) 42
Chapter 3 Using BGP in VPLS 49
BGP Auto-Discovery with LDP Signaling 54
BGP Auto-Discovery and Signaling 58
BGP Multi-Homing 62
Chapter 4 BGP Signaling for VPWS 73
BGP VPWS 74
Single-Homed VPWS 76
Multi-Homed VPWS 82
Dynamic Multi-Segment Pseudowire 94
vii
Chapter 5 Labeled Unicast IPv4 105
Seamless MPLS 107
Transport Layer 108
Service Layer 114
Inter-AS Type C 118
Carriers’ Carrier 124
Notes 131
Chapter 6 Reconvergence 133
Advertisement of Multiple Paths 134
Best External 139
Next-Hop Tracking 142
Prefi x Independent Convergence (PIC) 146
Core PIC 147
Edge PIC 147
Minimum Route Advertisement Interval 152
BGP Anycast 154
Chapter 7 Multicast 165
Inter-Domain IPv4-IPv6 PIM 166
Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP-VPNs 173
Draft-Rosen 173
Multicast VPN 185
Chapter 8 Graceful Restart and Error Handling 205
Graceful Restart Mechanism 206
Error Handling 214
Chapter 9 Security 221
FlowSpec 222
Attack Mitigation with Blackhole Action 226
Attack Mitigation with Redirect to VRF Action 229
Remote Triggered Blackholing 233
Generalized TTL Security Mechanism 236
Auto-Generation of Filters for BGP Peers 237
viii CONTENTS