Vehicular Communications and Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Operation and Deployment

307 Pages·2015·16.576 MB·English

by  Wai Chen

Related titles
Machine-to-machine(M2M)communications:Architecture,performanceandapplications
(ISBN978-1-78242-102-3)
Handbookofindustrialwirelesssensornetworks:Monitoring,controlandautomation
(ISBN978-1-78242-230-3)
Sensor technologies for civil infrastructures, Volume 1: Sensing hardware and data
collectionmethodsforperformanceassessment
(ISBN978-0-85709-432-2)
Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic
and Optical Materials: Number 72
Vehicular
Communications
and Networks
Architectures, Protocols, Operation
and Deployment
Edited by
Wai Chen
AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)CAMBRIDGE(cid:129)HEIDELBERG
LONDON(cid:129)NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO
WoodheadPublishingisanimprintofElsevier
WoodheadPublishingisanimprintofElsevier
80HighStreet,Sawston,Cambridge,CB223HJ,UK
225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA
LangfordLane,Kidlington,OX51GB,UK
Copyright©2015ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted
inanyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise
withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.
PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights
DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(þ44)(0)1865843830;fax(þ44)(0)1865853333;
email:[e-mail]tyourrequestonlineby
visitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselecting
ObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial.
Notice
Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor
propertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseor
operationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.
Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverification
ofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014954882
ISBN:978-1-78242-211-2(print)
ISBN:978-1-78242-216-7(online)
ForinformationonallWoodheadPublishingpublications
visitourwebsiteathttp://store.elsevier.com/
TypesetbyTNQBooksandJournals
www.tnq.co.in
PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdom
List of contributors
(cid:1)
A.S. Chekkouri EcolePolytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC,Canada
Rex Chen Qualcomm, Tustin, CA, USA
Si Chen Cisco Systems,Inc., San Francisco, CA,USA
FalkoDressler InstituteofComputerScience,UniversityofPaderborn,Paderborn,
Germany
DavidEckhoff University of Erlangen,Erlangen, Germany
(cid:1)
A. Ezzouhairi EcolePolytechnique deMontréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Huirong Fu OaklandUniversity, Rochester,MI, USA
Felipe Gil-Castin~eira Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
JiandingGuo UniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina,Chengdu,
Sichuan, China
Geert Heijenk University of Twente,Enschede,Netherlands
C. Ide TU Dortmund University, Communication NetworksInstitute,Dortmund,
Germany
Georgios Karagiannis University ofTwente, Enschede, Netherlands
F.Kargl Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
BorisS. Kerner Physics of Transportand Traffic, University Duisburg-Essen,
Duisburg, Germany
SupengLeng UniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina,Chengdu,
Sichuan, China
Shou-pon Lin ColumbiaUniversity, New York,NY,USA
N.F. Maxemchuk Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Institute IMDAE
Networks, Madrid, Spain
J. Petit University CollegeCork,Cork,Ireland
(cid:1)
S. Pierre EcolePolytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
AmeliaC.Regan DepartmentofComputerScienceandInstituteofTransportation
Studies,University ofCalifornia,Irvine, CA,USA
x Listofcontributors
Christoph Sommer Institute ofComputer Science, University ofPaderborn,
Paderborn,Germany
Hans van den Berg University of Twente,Enschede, Netherlands; TNO, Delft,
Netherlands
Qing Wang InstituteIMDEANetworks,Madrid, Spain
C. Wietfeld TUDortmund University, CommunicationNetworksInstitute,
Dortmund, Germany
WouterKleinWolterink University of Twente, Enschede,Netherlands
Yitian Gu ColumbiaUniversity, New York,NY, USA
Ye Zhu Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Woodhead Publishing Series in
Electronic and Optical Materials
1 Circuitanalysis
J.E.Whitehouse
2 Signalprocessinginelectroniccommunications:Forengineersandmathematicians
M.J.Chapman,D.P.GoodallandN.C.Steele
3 Patternrecognitionandimageprocessing
D.Luo
4 Digitalfiltersandsignalprocessinginelectronicengineering:Theory,applications,
architecture,code
S.M.BozicandR.J.Chance
5 Cableengineeringforlocalareanetworks
B.J.Elliott
6 DesigningastructuredcablingsystemtoISO11801:Cross-referencedtoEuropean
CENELECandAmericanStandards
Secondedition
B.J.Elliott
7 Microscopytechniquesformaterialsscience
A.ClarkeandC.Eberhardt
8 Materialsforenergyconversiondevices
EditedbyC.C.Sorrell,J.NowotnyandS.Sugihara
9 Digitalimageprocessing:Mathematicalandcomputationalmethods
Secondedition
J.M.Blackledge
10 Nanolithographyandpatterningtechniquesinmicroelectronics
EditedbyD.Bucknall
11 Digitalsignalprocessing:Mathematicalandcomputationalmethods,softwaredevel-
opmentandapplications
Secondedition
J.M.Blackledge
12 Handbookofadvanceddielectric,piezoelectricandferroelectricmaterials:Synthesis,
propertiesandapplications
EditedbyZ.-G.Ye
13 Materialsforfuelcells
EditedbyM.Gasik
14 Solid-statehydrogenstorage:Materialsandchemistry
EditedbyG.Walker
15 Lasercoolingofsolids
S.V.PetrushkinandV.V.Samartsev
xii WoodheadPublishingSeriesinElectronicandOpticalMaterials
16 Polymerelectrolytes:Fundamentalsandapplications
EditedbyC.A.C.SequeiraandD.A.F.Santos
17 Advancedpiezoelectricmaterials:Scienceandtechnology
EditedbyK.Uchino
18 Opticalswitches:Materialsanddesign
EditedbyS.J.ChuaandB.Li
19 Advancedadhesivesinelectronics:Materials,propertiesandapplications
EditedbyM.O.AlamandC.Bailey
20 Thinfilmgrowth:Physics,materialsscienceandapplications
EditedbyZ.Cao
21 Electromigrationinthinfilmsandelectronicdevices:Materialsandreliability
EditedbyC.-U.Kim
22 Insitucharacterizationofthinfilmgrowth
EditedbyG.KosterandG.Rijnders
23 Silicon-germanium (SiGe) nanostructures: Production, properties and applications
inelectronics
EditedbyY.ShirakiandN.Usami
24 High-temperaturesuperconductors
EditedbyX.G.Qiu
25 Introductiontothephysicsofnanoelectronics
S.G.TanandM.B.A.Jalil
26 Printedfilms:Materialsscienceandapplicationsinsensors,electronicsandphotonics
EditedbyM.PrudenziatiandJ.Hormadaly
27 Lasergrowthandprocessingofphotonicdevices
EditedbyN.A.Vainos
28 Quantumopticswithsemiconductornanostructures
EditedbyF.Jahnke
29 Ultrasonic transducers: Materials and design for sensors, actuators and medical
applications
EditedbyK.Nakamura
30 Wasteelectricalandelectronicequipment(WEEE)handbook
EditedbyV.GoodshipandA.Stevels
31 ApplicationsofATILAFEMsoftwaretosmartmaterials:Casestudiesindesigning
devices
EditedbyK.UchinoandJ.-C.Debus
32 MEMSforautomotiveandaerospaceapplications
EditedbyM.KraftandN.M.White
33 Semiconductorlasers:Fundamentalsandapplications
EditedbyA.BaranovandE.Tournie
34 Handbookofterahertztechnologyforimaging,sensingandcommunications
EditedbyD.Saeedkia
35 Handbookofsolid-statelasers:Materials,systemsandapplications
EditedbyB.DenkerandE.Shklovsky
36 Organiclight-emittingdiodes(OLEDs):Materials,devicesandapplications
EditedbyA.Buckley
37 Lasersformedicalapplications:Diagnostics,therapyandsurgery
EditedbyH.Jelínkov(cid:1)a
38 Semiconductorgassensors
EditedbyR.JaanisoandO.K.Tan
WoodheadPublishingSeriesinElectronicandOpticalMaterials xiii
39 Handbook of organic materials for optical and (opto)electronic devices: Properties
andapplications
EditedbyO.Ostroverkhova
40 Metallicfilmsforelectronic,opticalandmagneticapplications:Structure,processing
andproperties
EditedbyK.BarmakandK.Coffey
41 Handbookoflaserweldingtechnologies
EditedbyS.Katayama
42 Nanolithography: The art of fabricating nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices
andsystems
EditedbyM.Feldman
43 Laserspectroscopyforsensing:Fundamentals,techniquesandapplications
EditedbyM.Baudelet
44 Chalcogenideglasses:Preparation,propertiesandapplications
EditedbyJ.-L.AdamandX.Zhang
45 HandbookofMEMSforwirelessandmobileapplications
EditedbyD.Uttamchandani
46 Subseaopticsandimaging
EditedbyJ.WatsonandO.Zielinski
47 Carbonnanotubesandgrapheneforphotonicapplications
EditedbyS.Yamashita,Y.SaitoandJ.H.Choi
48 Opticalbiomimetics:Materialsandapplications
EditedbyM.Large
49 Opticalthinfilmsandcoatings
EditedbyA.PiegariandF.Flory
50 Computerdesignofdiffractiveoptics
EditedbyV.A.Soifer
51 Smart sensors and MEMS: Intelligent devices and microsystems for industrial
applications
EditedbyS.NihtianovandA.Luque
52 Fundamentalsoffemtosecondoptics
S.A.KozlovandV.V.Samartsev
53 Nanostructured semiconductor oxides for the next generation of electronics and
functionaldevices:Propertiesandapplications
S.Zhuiykov
54 Nitride semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs): Materials, technologies and
applications
EditedbyJ.J.Huang,H.C.KuoandS.C.Shen
55 Sensortechnologiesforcivilinfrastructures
Volume 1: Sensing hardware and data collection methods for performance
assessment
EditedbyM.Wang,J.LynchandH.Sohn
56 Sensortechnologiesforcivilinfrastructures
Volume2:Applicationsinstructuralhealthmonitoring
EditedbyM.Wang,J.LynchandH.Sohn
57 Graphene:Properties,preparation,characterisationanddevices
EditedbyV.Sk(cid:1)akalov(cid:1)aandA.B.Kaiser
58 Silicon-on-insulator(SOI)technology
EditedbyO.KononchukandB.-Y.Nguyen
xiv WoodheadPublishingSeriesinElectronicandOpticalMaterials
59 Biological identification: DNA amplification and sequencing, optical sensing,
lab-on-chipandportablesystems
EditedbyR.P.Schaudies
60 High performance silicon imaging: Fundamentals and applications of CMOS and
CCDsensors
EditedbyD.Durini
61 Nanosensors for chemical and biological applications: Sensing with nanotubes,
nanowiresandnanoparticles
EditedbyK.C.Honeychurch
62 Compositemagnetoelectrics:Materials,structures,andapplications
G.Srinivasan,S.PriyaandN.Sun
63 Quantuminformationprocessingwithdiamond:Principlesandapplications
EditedbyS.PrawerandI.Aharonovich
64 Advancesinnon-volatilememoryandstoragetechnology
EditedbyY.Nishi
65 Lasersurfaceengineering:Processesandapplications
EditedbyJ.Lawrence,C.Dowding,D.WaughandJ.Griffiths
66 Powerultrasonics:Applicationsofhigh-intensityultrasound
EditedbyJ.A.Gallego-Ju(cid:1)arezandK.F.Graff
67 Advancesindelay-tolerantnetworks(DTNs):Architectures,routingandchallenges
EditedbyJ.J.P.C.Rodrigues
68 Handbookofflexibleorganicelectronics:Materials,manufacturingandapplications
EditedbyS.Logothetidis
69 Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications: Architecture, performance and
applications
EditedbyC.Anton-HaroandM.Dohler
70 Ecologicaldesignofsmarthomenetworks:Technologies,socialimpactandsustain-
ability
EditedbyN.SaitoandD.Menga
71 Industrialtomography:Systemsandapplications
EditedbyM.Wang
72 Vehicular communications and networks: Architectures, protocols, operation and
deployment
EditedbyW.Chen
73 Modeling,characterization,andproductionofnanomaterials:Electronics,photonics
andenergyapplications
EditedbyV.TewaryandY.Zhang
74 Reliabilitycharacterisationofelectricalandelectronicsystems
EditedbyJ.Swingler
75 Handbook of industrial wireless sensor networks: Monitoring, control and
automation
EditedbyR.BudampatiandS.Kolavennu
76 Epitaxialgrowthofcomplexmetaloxides:Techniques,propertiesandapplications
EditedbyG.Koster,G.RijndersandM.Huijben
77 Semiconductornanowires:Materials,synthesis,characterizationandapplications
EditedbyJ.ArbiolandQ.Xiong
1
Vehicle-to-infrastructure
communications
C. Wietfeld,C. Ide
TU DortmundUniversity, Communication Networks Institute, Dortmund, Germany
1.1 Introduction
Due to the increasing amount of mobile data applications, vehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I) communications has become a recent topic in the development of wireless
communicationsystems.MoreandmoreV2Iservicesarecarriedbycellularcommu-
nication systems because the potential of cellular systems in terms of data rate and
delay has increased significantly by the introduction of long-term evolution (LTE).
This chapter discusses challenges and solution approaches for the usage of cellular
communication systems (with focus on LTE) for V2I applications. This includes
ageneralintroductiontoV2Iapplicationsanditsrequirements,aperformanceevalu-
ation of LTE regarding velocity-dependent data rate measurements and a system
model for the evaluation of the interaction between V2I communications and LTE
human traffic. The system model is based on a close-to-reality parameterized
Markovian resource model. For the parameterization the laboratory-based LTE data
rate measurements and ray tracing analyses are used. The chapter finally discusses a
channel-aware transmission scheme for V2I applications. It is shown that this algo-
rithmdecreasesthenegativeimpactofV2Icommunicationsonthequalityofservice
(QoS)ofhumanservicesintermsofblockingprobability.Inaddition,itisillustrated
thattheinserteddelaybythechannel-awaretransmissionschemeistolerableformany
V2I applications.
1.2 V2I applications, requirements and related work
Inthissection,vehicularapplicationsinthecontextoftrafficmanagement,trafficfore-
castandfleetmanagementwillbeintroduced.Thisalsoincludesnovelsafetyapplica-
tionsthat require verylow delays.
1.2.1 Traffic management and forecast systems
Trafficmanagementandforecastsystemsaretraditionalbasedonstaticsensorsinside
theroadnetwork. Thesesensorsidentifythenumberofvehiclesperlaneandtheve-
locityofthecars.Typically,theinformationisnottransmittedforeverysinglevehicle,
butthetrafficmanagementsystemgetstheinformationabouttheaveragevelocityfor
VehicularCommunicationsandNetworks.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-211-2.00001-5
Copyright©2015ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.