VALIDATION OF CERES MODEL TO CALIBRATE THE GENETIC COEFFICIENTS OF RICE (Oryza

231 Pages·2015·7.64 MB·English

VALIDATION OF CERES MODEL TO CALIBRATE THE
GENETIC COEFFICIENTS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

By
ARJUN VYSAKH
(2013-11-156)

Department of Agricultural Meteorology
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR – 680656
KERALA, INDIA
2015
VA
VALIDATION OF CERES MODEL TO CALIBRATE THE
GENETIC COEFFICIENTS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

By
ARJUN VYSAKH
(2013-11-156)

THESIS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
Faculty of Agriculture
Kerala Agricultural University

Department of Agricultural Meteorology
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR – 680656
KERALA, INDIA
2015
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Validation of CERES model to
calibrate the genetic coefficients of rice (Oryza sativa L.)” is a bonafide record of
research work done by me during the course of research and that the thesis has not
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, fellowship or other
similar title, of any other University or Society.

Vellanikkara Arjun Vysakh
(2013-11-156)
Date :
CERTIFICATE

Certified that this thesis entitled “Validation of CERES model to calibrate the
genetic coefficients of rice (Oryza sativa L.)” is a bonafide record of research work
done independently by Mr. Arjun Vysakh (2013-11-156) under my guidance and
supervision and that it has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree,
diploma, fellowship or associateship to him.

Dr. B. Ajithkumar
Vellanikkara (Chairman, Advisory Committee)
Date : Assistant Professor & Head
Department of Agricultural Meteorology
College of Horticulture
Vellanikkara
CERTIFICATE
We, the undersigned members of the advisory committee of Mr. Arjun Vysakh
(2013-11-156), a candidate for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture with
major field in Agricultural Meteorology, agree that this thesis entitled “Validation of
CERES model to calibrate the genetic coefficients of rice (Oryza sativa L.)” may be
submitted by Mr. Arjun Vysakh in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree.

DDrr.. KB..M A.j iSthuknuilm ar Dr. K.M. Sunil
((CChhaaiirrmmaann,, AAddvviissoorryy CCoommmmiitttteeee)) (Member, Advisory Committee)
AAssssiissttaanntt PPrrooffeessssoorr and Head Assistant Professor
DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff AAggrriiccuullttuurraall MMeetteeoorrooll ogy (Agricultural Meteorology)
ACColCleEgRe of Horticulture ACCER, KAU
VVeellllaanniikkkkaarraa Vellanikkara

Dr. U. Jaikumaran Dr. C. Laly John
(Member, Advisory Committee) (Member, Advisory Committee)
Professor and Head Associate Professor
Agricultural Research Station Department of Agricultural Statistics
College of Horticulture
Mannuthy
Vellanikkara

Dr. K. Nandini EXTERNAL EXAMINER
(Member, Advisory Committee)
Professor and Head

Department of Plant Physiology
College of Horticulture
Vellanikkara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Gratitude takes three forms “a feeling from the heart, an expression in words and a giving in return”. I
sincerely thank all those who directly or indirectly made this research possible.
I feel immense pleasure to express my gratefulness towards each and every member of my advisory
committee and I consider myself fortunate to have enjoyed the privilege of being guided by them during my
research program. First of all, I wish to place on record my deep sense of gratitude and respect to
Dr. B. Ajithkumar, Chairman of my advisory committee and Assistant Professor and Head of the Department
of Agricultural Meteorology, for his inspiring and precious suggestions, untiring interest and constructive
criticisms throughout the course of my study period.
My gratefulness and personal obligation go without any reservation to Smt. P. Lincy Davis, former
Member of my advisory committee, for her constant encouragement, creative ideas, extreme patience and expert
guidance. I am greatly indebted to her for the immense help extended for the completion of my research
programme.
It is with immense pleasure I avail this opportunity to express my deep sense of whole hearted
gratitude to Dr. K. M. Sunil, Member of my advisory committee and Assistant Professor, Academy of Climate
Change Education and Research for his constant support, valuable suggestions and critical scrutiny of the
manuscript.
I feel great pleasure to express my indebtedness to Dr. U. Jaikumaran, Member of my advisory
committee and Professor and Head of the Agricultural Research Station, for the valuable advices, ever-willing
help and encouragement during my field study and for the relevant suggestions during the preparation of the
manuscript.
I consider it as my privilege to express my deep-felt gratitude to Dr. C. Laly John, Member of my
advisory committee and Associate Professor of the Department of Agricultural Statistics, for helping me in the
statistical analysis. I am extremely thankful to her for the unforgettable care, well-timed support, constructive
suggestions and critical evaluation of the manuscript which greatly improved the thesis.
I am deeply obliged to Dr. K. Nandini, Member of my advisory committee and Professor and Head of
the Department of Plant Physiology, for her invaluable help, guidance and critical assessment throughout the
period of work. I thank her for all the help and cooperation she has extended to me.
I am obliged to Mr. Biju Kuruvila, Farm officer of the Agricultural Research station, for the
sustained interest, constant support and timely help extended throughout the course of investigation.
My heartfelt thanks to Dr. Dijee Bastian, UG Academic Officer and Dr. Nirmala Devi, PG Academic
Officer, for all sorts of helps rendered throughout the course of study.
I acknowledge the relevant suggestions that I received from the teachers of the College of Horticulture
during the thesis defense seminar.
I take this opportunity to thank Dr. Ajayan, Ms. Sreekala, Mr. Sreejith, Ms. Anu, Mrs. Deena Biju,
Mrs. Mini, Mrs. Sajitha, Mrs. Nimi, Mrs. Suchithra, Ms. Anila, Mr. Simon and Mr. Venkadesh of my
Department for the unconditional help and co-operation provided by them in these two years.
With immense pleasure, I thank my seniors, Mrs. Nazia and Ms. Aswini who had contributed in some
way or other towards the completion of this work.
I wholeheartedly thank my friends, Mr. G. Subramanyam and Ms. Gayathri Rajasekharan, and all
other batch-mates for their love, co-operation and help.
I extend my loving gratitude to my juniors, Ms. Aswany, Ms. Smitha and Ms. Sushna for the
constant support and indispensable help provided by them.
I take this opportunity to thank Mr. Gangadharan, Mr. Paulose and Mrs. Leelamani of my
Department for their immense help for the completion of my research work.
I sincerely acknowledge the help and support of Mr. Johnkutty, Mrs. Sheela, Mrs. Savithry, Mrs Rosy
and all other staffs of the Agricultural Research Station for all sorts of helps rendered by them.
Lastly, I will fail in my duty, if I don’t record my heartfelt gratitude to my beloved parents for being
the pillars of strength for me. I am forever beholden to my parents and brother, for their boundless affection,
support, prayers, blessings and personal sacrifices for me.
I owe my thanks to Dr. A. T. Francis, Librarian, College of Horticulture and with all regards, I
acknowledge the whole-hearted co-operation and gracious help rendered by each and every member of the
College of Horticulture during the period of study. I sincerely thank the facilities rendered by the College
Library, Computer Club and Central Library. I express my special thanks to Mr. Aravind of Students’
computer centre for his valuable support and affection to me. I am obliged to Kerala Agricultural University
for granting me the Junior Research Fellowship.
Once again, I thank all those, who extended help and support during the course of study and a word
of apology to those, I have not mention in person.
Above all, I gratefully bow my head before the Almighty, for the blessings showered upon me in
completing the thesis successfully.

ARJUN VYSAKH
CONTENTS

CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
1 INTRODUCTON 1-3
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-25
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 26-44
4 RESULTS 45-138
5 DISCUSSION 139-153
6 SUMMARY 154-156
REFERENCES i-xix
APPENDICES
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
No. No.
Mechanical composition of soil of the experimental field (International pipette
3.1 26
method, Piper, 1966)
3.2 Weekly weather parameters during the experimental period in 2014 28
3.3 Treatments used in the experiment 29
3.4 Chemical properties of the soil 36
3.5 Weather parameters used in the experiment 36
3.6 Input files and experiment data files of CERES-Rice model 41
3.7 Output files of CERES-Rice model 42
3.8 Genetic Coefficients for the CERES Rice model 44
Number of days taken during each phenophase of crop growth and
4.1 50
development
Weather conditions experienced by the crop from transplanting to active
4.2 53
tillering in different dates of planting
Weather conditions experienced by the crop from transplanting to panicle
4.3 57
initiation in different dates of planting
Weather conditions experienced by the crop from transplanting to booting in
4.4 60
different times of planting
Weather conditions experienced by the crop from transplanting to heading in
4.5 63
different times of planting
Weather conditions experienced by the crop from transplanting to 50%
4.6 66
flowering in different times of planting
Weather conditions experienced by the crop from transplanting to
4.7 68
physiological maturity different times of planting
4.8 Effect of dates of transplanting on plant height (cm) at weekly intervals 71
4.9 Comparision between varieties and plant height(cm) at weekly intervals 72
Effect of dates of planting on dry matter accumulation (kg ha-1) at fortnightly
4.10 74
intervals
Effect of dates of planting on total dry matter accumulation (kg ha-1) at the
4.11 75
time of harvest
4.12 Comparision between varieties and dry matter accumulation (kgha-1) 75
4.13 Effect of dates of planting on yield and yield attributes 77
4.14 Comparision between varieties and yield attributes 78
4.15 Accumulated GDD during different growth stages of rice 82
Correlation between weather parameters at crop phenophases and the duration
4.16 84
of Jyothi
Correlation between weather parameters at crop phenophases and the duration
4.17 85
of Kanchana
Correlation between yield and weather parameters at different phenophases of
4.18 89
Jyothi