Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators - USA

437 Pages·2003·12.72 MB·English

Nuclear Science
2003
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tilisation and Reliability of
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N U C L E A R • E N E R G Y • A G E N C Y
ISBN 92-64-10211-6
Nuclear Science
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power
Proton Accelerators
Workshop Proceedings
Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
12-16 May 2002
© OECD 2003
NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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FOREWORD
These proceedings contain the papers presented at the Third Workshop on Utilisation and
Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (HPPA), organised by the Nuclear Science Committee
of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). The first meeting in this series was held in Mito, Japan
on 13-15 October 1998 and the second meeting took place in Aix-en-Provence, France on 22-
24 November 1999. The proceedings of both meetings have been published by the OECD/NEA (ISBN
92-64-17068-5 and ISBN 92-64-18749-9).
The third workshop focused on (1) the reliability of the accelerator and the impact of beam
interruptions on the design and performance of the accelerator-driven system, (2) spallation target
design characteristics and the impact on the multiplier design, including materials, radiation damage
and embrittlement, enhanced corrosion, cooling issues with high-power density, and windowless
design concepts, and (3) safety and operational characteristics of a multiplying system driven by a
spallation source.
A fourth meeting in this series of workshops is planned to be held in spring 2004 in the
Republic of Korea.
Acknowledgements
The OECD/NEA gratefully acknowledges the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for
hosting the Third Workshop on Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators. Special
thanks are extended to Ms. Berylen Rogers (LANL) for having collected the workshop papers and to
Ms. Hélène Déry (NEA) for having prepared the proceedings for publication.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD................................................................................................................................... 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................. 9
SESSION I: OPENING
CHAIR: D. RUSTHOI......................................................................................................... 13
B. Carluec, H. Ait Abderahim, A.C. Mueller
The European programme..................................................................................................... 15
W.S. Park, Y.S. Cho, B.H. Choi
Korean R&D programme for HPPA..................................................................................... 33
F. Goldner
The US advanced accelerator applications programme........................................................ 45
T.P. Wangler
Reliable linac design for accelerator-driven subcritical reactor systems.............................. 49
Th. Stammbach, S. Adam, A. Mezger, P. Sigg, P.A. Schmelzbach
Reliable cyclotron design...................................................................................................... 59
G.S. Bauer
Towards reliable high power spallation target designs......................................................... 81
M. Salvatores, A. D’Angelo, D. Naberejnev
The demonstration of the ADS concept................................................................................ 95
S.A. Maloy, M.R. James, G. Willcutt, W.F. Sommer, M. Sokolov, L.L. Snead,
M.L. Hamilton, F. Garner
The mechanical properties of 316L/304L stainless steels, Alloy 718 and
Mod 9Cr-1Mo after irradiation in a spallation environment................................................. 105
SESSION II: ACCELERATOR, TARGET/WINDOW/MATERIALS AND MULTIPLIER
CHAIR: R. SHEFFIELD.................................................................................................... 125
R. Gobin, P.-Y. Beauvais, D. Bogard, R. Ferdinand, P. Mattéi
Reliability tests of the high-power proton source SILHI at CEA/Saclay.............................. 127
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E. Chiaveri, R. Losito, S. Calatroni, R. Ballantini, A. Chincarini, G. Gemme,
R. Parodi D. Barni, A. Bosotti, C. Pagani, P. Pierini
Operational experience with a 352 MHz 5-cell accelerating structure for
the high energy section of the TRASCO linac...................................................................... 135
N.T. Callaway, R.D. Ryder
Beam reliability and equipment downtime tracking – How LANSCE closes the loop........ 145
T. Matsumoto
Comments to accelerator-driven system............................................................................... 151
N. Ouchi
R&D status of super-conducting proton linac and the KEK/JAERI high intensity proton
accelerator project................................................................................................................. 157
R. Valdiviez, D. Schrage, S. Shen, K. Kishiyama
The use of NEG vacuum pumps on the LEDA RFQ............................................................ 167
R.S. Lillard, G.T. Chandler, P.D. Ferguson, F.D. Gac, M.R. James, S.A. Maloy,
M.A. Paciotti, L.S. Waters, G.J. Willcutt
Corrosion measurements on APT prototypic materials in the LANSCE high-power
proton beam and applicability to other systems.................................................................... 175
M.R. James, R.T. Klann, G.L. Morgan, E.J. Pitcher, M.A. Paciotti, J.M. Oostens
Preliminary measurements from a thick lead-bismuth target using 800 MeV protons......... 193
R.C. Haight, M. Devlin
Gas production cross-section measurements at LANSCE.................................................... 201
X. Cheng, P.J. Finck, J. Roglans-Ribas, T. Schulenberg
Thermal-hydraulic design analysis of a 5 MW sodium-cooled tungsten target.................... 209
SESSION III: TEST FACILITIES AND CONTROL/SAFETY/SHUTDOWN
CHAIR: Ph. FINCK............................................................................................................. 225
M. Eriksson, J. Wallenius, J.E. Cahalan, K. Tucek, W. Gudowski
Safety analysis of Na and Pb-Bi coolants in response to beam instabilities......................... 227
J.E. Cahalan, M. Eriksson
Active and passive safety control performance in subcritical, accelerator-driven
nuclear reactors..................................................................................................................... 237
A. Negrini, G. Proto
Operating requirements for a proton beam accelerator to couple with
a subcritical system............................................................................................................... 259
B.E. Boyack, M.W. Cappiello, K.O. Pasamehmetoglu
Safe shutdown of accelerator-driven systems....................................................................... 289
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D. Barni, P. Michelato, D. Sertore, A. Bonucci, R. Giannantonio, P. Turroni, L. Cinotti
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the windowless interface for the
TRASCO-ADS project.......................................................................................................... 299
K. Van Tichelen, P. Kupschus, B. Arien, H. Aït Abderrahim
Design and verification experiments for the windowless spallation target of
the ADS prototype MYRRHA.............................................................................................. 311
L. Zanini, A. Ferrari, A. Herrera-Martínez, Y. Kadi, C. Rubbia, N. Burgio,
M. Carta, A. Santagata, L. Cinotti
Radioprotection calculations for the TRADE experiment.................................................... 327
F.E. Dunn
Thermal response of the multiplier of an accelerator-driven system to
beam interruptions................................................................................................................. 345
M. Cappiello, K. Pasamehmetoglu, E. Pitcher, R. Guffee, W. Chaves, G. Willcutt
Accelerator-driven test facility: modular target and multiplier system
concept design description.................................................................................................... 359
Y. Gohar, P. Finck, A. Hanson, J. Herceg, M. Koploy, L. Krajtl, P. Mijatovic,
W.D. Pointer, J. Saiveau, T. Sofu, M. Todosow
Lead-bismuth spallation target design of the accelerator-driven test facility (ADTF).......... 373
V. Tcharnotskaia, C. Ammerman, K. Woloshun
Results from the initial operation of the LANL DELTA loop.............................................. 385
SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION SESSIONS................................................................................ 397
Chair: M. Cappiello
Summary of working group discussion on design considerations, reliability
performance and requirements for the accelerator................................................................ 399
Chairs: Carlo Pagani, P. Colestock
Summary of working group discussion on accelerators........................................................ 401
Chairs: E. Pitcher, E. Gonzalez
Summary of working group discussion on multiplier........................................................... 405
Chairs: K. Pasemehmetoglu, G. Laffont
Summary of working group discussion on target technology............................................... 409
Chair: M. Cappiello
Summary of working group discussion on control/safety/shutdown.................................... 413
Chair: K. Pasemehmetoglu
Summary of final working group discussion........................................................................ 417
List of participants........................................................................................................................... 421
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
R&D activities and construction plans related to high power proton accelerators (HPPAs) are
being considered in various countries to promote basic and applied sciences, including accelerator-
driven nuclear energy systems (ADS). The performance of such hybrid nuclear systems depends to a
large extent on the specification and reliability of the particle accelerator, as well as the integration of
the accelerator with spallation targets and in some cases, subcritical assemblies.
The present meeting is a follow-up to the second workshop on “Utilisation and Reliability of
High Power Proton Accelerators” that was hosted by CEA Cadarache and held in Aix-en-Provence,
France in 1999. Many of the questions discussed during the Aix-en-Provence workshop were further
developed at this meeting. In addition, there were specific presentations devoted to safety, regulatory
and technological requirements for the commissioning, operation and restart of hybrid nuclear
systems.
Topics covered by the workshop
The meeting consisted of plenary sessions with invited papers, contributed papers, working
group discussions and general discussions. Topics of contributed papers included:
• accelerator technology;
• target, window and multiplier technology;
• control, safety and shutdown;
• test facilities.
Main findings, general conclusions and needed R&D
General
• Safety vs. performance – k for an ADS needs to be established (lower is safer, higher
eff
provides more performance); however, fuel must first be determined before a specific k
eff
can be implemented in a design.
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