User Acceptance of Mobile Notifications

149 Pages·2017·3.63 MB·English

by  Tilo Westermann (auth.)

T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services
Tilo Westermann
User
Acceptance
of Mobile
Notifications
T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services
Series editors
Sebastian Möller, Berlin, Germany
Axel Küpper, Berlin, Germany
Alexander Raake, Berlin, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10013
Tilo Westermann
User Acceptance of Mobile
fi
Noti cations
123
Tilo Westermann
Quality & Usability Lab
TelekomInnovation Laboratories
Institute of Software Engineering
andTheoreticalComputer Science,
Berlin Institute of Technology
Berlin
Germany
ISSN 2192-2810 ISSN 2192-2829 (electronic)
T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services
ISBN978-981-10-3850-1 ISBN978-981-10-3851-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3851-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017930420
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2017
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The smartphone revolution is under-hyped,
more people have access to phones than
access to running water. We’ve never had
anything like this before since the beginning
of the planet.
— Marc Lowell Andreessen, founder of
Netscape
Acknowledgements
On completion of my dissertation I would like to sincerely thank all those who
supported mein realizing and finishing my work. Over thepastyears, I have been
fortunate to work together with great colleagues, of whom some turned into good
friends, who made the time at the Quality and Usability Lab of TU Berlin an
outstanding experience.
Foremost, I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my
principal supervisor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Möller, you have been a tremendous
mentorforme.Thankyouforyourcontinuoussupportoverthecourseoftheyears!
This thesis would not have been possible without you.
I would also like to thank my committee members, Prof. Dr. Georg Essl and
Prof. Dr. Thorsten Staake. I highly appreciate your agreement to and commitment
on co-examining my thesis.
AsignificantpartofthisworkresultedfromtheclosecooperationwithDr.-Ing.
Ina Wechsung, who has always been a great and discerning colleague. Thank you
for introducing me to the world of statistical analysis and not getting tired of
questions.
I will always cherish the memories shared with my colleagues Florian
Hinterleitner, Justus Beyer, Benjamin Bähr, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jens Ahrens,
Dr. Benjamin Weiss, and Stefan Hillmann. From foosball to kitesurfing, these
memories will surely remain.
Thank you also to Irene Hube-Achter, Yasmin Hillebrenner, and Tobias Hirsch
for the organizational support. You are doing a great job!
Many thanks to all the students, whom I had the pleasure to supervise for their
own theses and who worked with me as student assistants.
Ofcourse,notonlypeoplecloselyrelatedtomyworksupportedmeinrealizing
this thesis. Dr.-Ing. Aubrey Schmidt, who initially established the contact to
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Möller, which eventually led to my Diploma thesis at the
QualityandUsabilityLab,hasbeenaconstantsourceofinspiration.Thankyoufor
proofreading this thesis and providing valuable feedback. Also thanks to Joshua
Marr and Christoph Szeppek, who voluntarily read parts of this work.
vii
viii Acknowledgements
Finally, nothing would have been possible without my family. I am infinitely
grateful for your support over the years. And Daniela, thank you for giving me so
much support and understanding.
Contents
Part I Introduction and Motivation
1 Introduction ... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
1.1 Challenges and Motivation . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 5
1.2 Research Questions .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 5
1.3 Thesis Outline .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 6
Part II Background
2 Background and Related Work .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 9
2.1 Mobile Human-Computer Interaction . .... .... .... ..... .... 9
2.1.1 Limitation of Attention .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 9
2.1.2 Information Processing .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 10
2.2 Technical Background ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 12
2.2.1 Permission Models on Smartphones:
Accessing Protected Resources .... .... .... ..... .... 13
2.2.2 Mechanisms for Notifications on Smartphones ..... .... 14
2.3 Research Methodology .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 17
2.3.1 Leveraging Mobile Application Stores ... .... ..... .... 18
2.3.2 Methodically Related Studies .. .... .... .... ..... .... 21
2.3.3 Methodically Related Frameworks .. .... .... ..... .... 23
2.3.4 Ethics ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 24
2.4 Related Work .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 26
2.4.1 General Usage of Mobile Phones and Smartphones .. .... 26
2.4.2 Warnings and Permission Requests . .... .... ..... .... 29
2.4.3 Adaptation of Settings on Smartphones .. .... ..... .... 32
2.4.4 Notifications and Interruptions . .... .... .... ..... .... 33
2.5 Summary .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 38
ix
x Contents
Part III Technical Framework
3 Framework and Testbed for Tracing Mobile
Application Usage .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 43
3.1 Introduction .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 43
3.2 Prerequisites ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 44
3.3 Mobile Applications: Native, Web, and Hybrid Solutions ... .... 45
3.3.1 Native Applications . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 45
3.3.2 Mobile Web Applications .... .... .... .... ..... .... 45
3.3.3 Hybrid Applications . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 46
3.3.4 Design Decision: Constraints and Requirements .... .... 46
3.4 Conceptual Framework .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 46
3.4.1 Tracing Mobile Application Usage . .... .... ..... .... 47
3.4.2 Gathering User Feedback . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 50
3.4.3 Recording Interaction with Notifications
on a System-Wide Level . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 52
3.4.4 Summary .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 53
3.5 Domain-Specific Mobile Applications . .... .... .... ..... .... 54
3.5.1 Sense4En .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 54
3.5.2 QUe .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 56
3.5.3 Klügste Nacht ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 58
3.6 Summary .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 59
Part IV Studies
4 Global Analysis of User Behavior in the Field . .... .... ..... .... 63
4.1 Introduction .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 63
4.2 Methodology ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 63
4.2.1 Participants .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 63
4.2.2 Procedure .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 64
4.3 General Application Usage . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
4.4 Notification Handling ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 69
4.4.1 Factors Influencing Seen Time . .... .... .... ..... .... 70
4.4.2 Factors Influencing Notification Handling .... ..... .... 72
4.4.3 The Role of Notification Presentation ... .... ..... .... 73
4.4.4 Annoying Notifications & Stress ... .... .... ..... .... 73
4.4.5 The Influence of Notifications on Application Usage . .... 76
4.5 Discussion . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 77
4.6 Conclusion .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 78
5 Permission Requests and Notification Settings . .... .... ..... .... 81
5.1 Introduction .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 81
5.2 Study B: Notification Settings Across Categories .... ..... .... 82
5.2.1 Introduction .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 82
5.2.2 Methodology . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 82