US foreign policy on transitional justice PDF
Preview US foreign policy on transitional justice
US FOREIGN POLICY ON TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE US FOREIGN POLICY ON TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE A N N I E R . B I R D 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bird, Annie R. US foreign policy on transitional justice / Annie R. Bird. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–933841–2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Transitional justice—Government policy—United States. 2. United States—Foreign relations. 3. Transitional justice—Cambodia. 4. Truth commissions— Cambodia. 5. Transitional justice—Liberia. 6. Truth commissions—Liberia. 7. Transitional justice—Colombia. 8. Truth commissions—Colombia. I. Title. II. Title: United States foreign policy on transitional justice. JC580.B57 2015 327.73—dc23 2014032892 Dr. Annie Bird authored this work in her private capacity before beginning employment with the U.S. government and does not advise on policy for the countries referenced. The views and analysis presented do not necessarily reflect U.S. government policy views on conflict situations, peace negotiations or transitional justice agreements. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Mom and Yuuki C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 The US Approach to Transitional Justice 10 2 The Development of US Foreign Policy on Transitional Justice 30 3 US Involvement in the Khmer Rouge Tribunal 55 4 US Involvement in the Taylor Trial and the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission 86 5 US Involvement in the Colombian Justice and Peace Process 123 Conclusion 150 Appendix 1 Interview Data 157 Appendix 2 Case Study Timelines 179 viii Contents Appendix 3 List of Transitional Justice Actors 183 Bibliography 187 Index 211 A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S Three UC Berkeley professors—Eric Stover, David Cohen, and Rita Maran—inspired my interest and lasting commitment to human rights over a decade ago. I am forever grateful. The research for this book was undertaken at the London School of Economics and supported by a Marshall Scholarship. Chris Brown provided helpful supervision along the way, and Jens Meierhenrich and Kieran McEvoy served as thoughtful PhD examiners. Erik Voeten provided guidance while I was a visiting researcher at Georgetown University. Leslie Vinjamuri and other members of the London Transitional Justice Network afforded a supportive transitional justice community in London. Financial support for fieldwork was generously provided by the Marshall Commission, LSE’s International Relations department, and the Abbey Santander Group. I benefited from the valuable insights of nearly 200 people who agreed to be interviewed for my research. US war crimes ambassadors, embassy officials, and many others in Washington helped me understand the landscape of US transitional justice policy. Officials at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Colombian Justice and Peace Unit and National Commission for Reparations and Reconciliation, and the courts in The Hague helped me understand their experi- ences in working with the US government. Academic experts, along with staff from numerous international organizations, NGOs, local
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