Urbanization in Asia: Governance, Infrastructure and the Environment PDF
Preview Urbanization in Asia: Governance, Infrastructure and the Environment
Urbanization in Asia Kala Seetharam Sridhar • Guanghua Wan Editors Urbanization in Asia Governance, Infrastructure and the Environment 1 3 Editors Dr. Kala Seetharam Sridhar Guanghua Wan Public Policy Research Asian Development Bank Public Affairs Centre Manila Bangalore Philippines India ISBN 978-81-322-1637-7 ISBN 978-81-322-1638-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1638-4 Springer India © Springer India 2014 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface This volume originated from the International Conference on Public Policy & Go- vernance which Public Affairs Centre co-hosted with the Department of Manage- ment Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Given the overarching import- ance of urbanization in Asia, and the large number of papers received for that track, we decided to bring out this volume on the theme. It should be remembered that the 21st century Asia has become urban, the pro- cess itself has not been smooth, since many problems have occurred as a result. The most important of them relate to migration from rural areas, urban infrastructure in- cluding highways, basic services such as solid waste management and their impacts on the urban environment. In this volume, we have made an attempt to capture all these aspects of urban problems and the papers included reflect on various aspects of the above. Nonetheless, we recognize that the most important of all problems is governan- ce, as Paul and Sridhar (2013) point out, skilled labour and technology can be im- ported. Substitutes can be found to make up for infrastructure gaps. Power shortage can be relieved through the use of generators or of a national grid. Railways may make up when roads fail, but governance cannot be imported. Hence that’s the com- mon underlying theme for all aspects of urban problems we discuss here. We also understand that different countries define urbanization in different ways, but most of the chapters make only intra-country comparisons. We have a note of caution which is also a caveat. Most papers in this volume focus on urban problems in India. However, given the Conference was held in Bangalore, India, this focus was unavoidable. The next caveat is that there are no papers focusing on the major Asian giant, China. However, we were able to include a few relevant papers one each in the context of Indonesia, Fiji and a cross country comparison chapter. We hope that this volume will stimulate provocative debates on the ways in which these pressing urban problems can be solved across Asia. We sincerely hope that relevant policymakers, including those that have contributed to this volume, will take cognizance of the findings and recommendations here. v Acknowledgements We thank the Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Science Ban- galore with whom we co-hosted the International Conference on Public Policy & Governance, which is the basis of papers received for this volume. Many thanks are due to the International Development Research Centre-Think Tank Initiative’s support of the conference on behalf of Public Affairs Centre. Thanks are due to Anjula Gurtoo of Indian Institute of Science’s Department of Management Studies, for facilitating the publication of this volume and putting us in touch with Springer. We wish to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for its sup- port through project 71133004. Thanks are due to Dr.P.Balachandra and Prof Balasubrahmanya of IISc Dept of Management Studies, for facilitating the process. We are grateful to Revendra, Vani, all of whom were then with IISc, and who helped us to locate the various authors of the papers we were interested in for purposes of this volume. We acknowledge Samuel Paul’s gesture in reviewing a paper in this volume and for letting us have his comments. Special thanks should be mentioned to Nivedita Kashyap who was with Public Affairs Centre at the time, and she helped us to select many papers which related to urban governance, among the mass of nearly 600 submissions we had received from throughout the world. We thank Suresh Raghavan, Director of Public Affairs Centre for his support of the conference and this volume and for facilitating our discussions regarding these. We thank Venugopala Reddy of Public Affairs Cen- tre for his assistance with the conference and sifting through the papers received. Thanks are due to all our colleagues at Public Affairs Centre for their support of and participation in the conference without which this volume would not have taken off. We place on record our appreciation and thank all the reviewers of the various papers, whose comments helped to substantially improve the quality of the papers in this volume. We would err if we did not thank the various staff members at Sprin- ger India, Sagarika Ghosh, Nupoor Singh, Sahadi Sharma (who has left Springer now) who patiently answered many of our queries pertaining to the volume. Finally, we acknowledge the patient copy-editing of the various chapters in this volume by Puja Kumari. Any errors remain ours. vii Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 Kala S. Sridhar and Guanghua Wan Part I Rural-urban Linkages 2 Implementation of MGNREGA: A Study of Two Gram Panchayats in Jhalawar, Rajasthan ....................................................... 9 Moitri Dey 3 ‘Total Sanitation Campaign’ Intervention for a Semiurban Village Through ‘Public–People–Private’ Partnership ........................ 27 Manik N Dive and Anand B Rao 4 Making the Connection Between Informal Self-Employment and Temporary Migration: Lessons from the Cycle Rickshaw Sector ....... 41 Ashima Sood Part II Urban Governance, Infrastructure and Service Delivery 5 Benchmarking Cities: Evidence from India .......................................... 61 Kala Seetharam Sridhar and Nivedita Kashyap 6 Central and State Urban Infrastructure Programs in Karnataka: What Do We Learn? ........................................................... 91 Kala Seetharam Sridhar and A. Venugopala Reddy 7 Risk Allocation in Concession Agreements for PPP Road Projects in India ....................................................................................... 119 Debopam Roy, Satyanarayana Kalidindi and A. Soundararajan 8 Value of Travel Time Saved in Modal Shift from Bus to Metro Case Study: Rohini (West) Delhi Metro Station ..................... 137 Pawan Kumar ix x Contents 9 Hidden Cost in Public Infrastructure Project: A Case Study of Kolkata East–West Metro ................................................................ 149 Sutapa Das 10 Impact of Urban Policy Reform: A Case Study of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management in Delhi ...................... 165 Pooja Ravi 11 Estimating Economic Costs of Municipal Solid Waste Management: Using Contingent Valuation Method .......................... 179 J. Sacratees and G. Hari Govindaraj 12 A Study of Small And Micro Enterprise Regulatory Impediments in Fiji ............................................................................... 199 Salvin Saneel Nand Part III Urbanization and Environment 13 Trends of Land-Use Change in India .................................................. 215 Geetika Rathee 14 Urban form and Residential Energy Use in Bandung Indonesia ...... 239 Sigit D. Arifwidodo 15 Urbanization and the Environment: An Asian Perspective .............. 249 Guanghua Wan and Matthew Kahn Contributors Sigit D. Arifwidodo Landscape Architecture Division, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholyothin Road, Jatujak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand e-mail: [email protected] Sutapa Das Deptartment of Architecture and Deptartment of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India e-mail: [email protected] Moitri Dey Mata Sundri College for Women, Delhi University, Delhi 110002, India e-mail: [email protected] Manik N Dive Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India Rural Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India e-mail: [email protected] G. Hari Govindaraj TDMNS College, T. Kallikulam, Tirunelveli District 627 113, India e-mail: [email protected] Matthew Kahn Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA e-mail: [email protected] Satyanarayana Kalidindi Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India e-mail: [email protected] Nivedita Kashyap Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, India e-mail: [email protected] Pawan Kumar Town and Country Planning Organization, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] xi xii Contributors Salvin Saneel Nand School of Law, University of Fiji, Lautoka, Fiji e-mail: [email protected] Anand B Rao Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India e-mail: [email protected] Geetika Rathee School of Government and Public Policy, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India e-mail: [email protected] Pooja Ravi Centre for the Study of Law and Governance (CSLG), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] A. Venugopala Reddy Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India e-mail: [email protected] Debopam Roy National Institute of Construction Management and Research (NICMAR), 25/1, Balewadi, N.I.A. Post Office, Pune 411045, India e-mail: [email protected] J. Sacratees Department of Economics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, India e-mail: [email protected] Ashima Sood Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected] A. Soundararajan Project Controls, L & T Metro Rail Hyderabad Ltd., Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected] Kala Seetharam Sridhar Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Guanghua Wan ADB and Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan, China e-mail: [email protected]
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