Urban Soils: Principles and Practice PDF
Preview Urban Soils: Principles and Practice
Progress in Soil Science Andrew W. Rate Editor Urban Soils Principles and Practice Progress in Soil Science Series Editors Alfred E Hartemink, Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Alex B. McBratney, Sydney Institute of Agriculture School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Progress in Soil Science series publishes books that contain novel approaches in soil science in its broadest sense – books in the series should focus on true progress in a particular area of the soil science discipline. The scope of the series is to publish books that enhance the understanding of the functioning and diversity of soils in all parts of the globe. The series includes multidisciplinary approaches to soil studies and welcomes contributions of all soil science subdisciplines. Key themes: soil science - soil genesis, geography and classification - soil chemistry, soil physics, soil biology, soil mineralogy - soil fertility and plant nutrition - soil and water conservation - pedometrics - digital soil mapping - proximal soil sensing - soils and land use change - global soil change - natural resources and the environment.Submit a proposal : Proposals for the series will be considered by the Series Editors. An initial author/editor questionnaire and instructions for authors can be obtained from the Publisher, Dr. Robert K. Doe ([email protected]). More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8746 Andrew W. Rate Editor Urban Soils Principles and Practice Editor Andrew W. Rate School of Agriculture and Environment University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia ISSN 2352-4774 ISSN 2352-4782 (electronic) Progress in Soil Science ISBN 978-3-030-87315-8 ISBN 978-3-030-87316-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface This book was rewarding, and even fun, to write, and started a learning experience for me that I hope will be similarly rewarding for students interested in urban soils everywhere, especially the ones who I teach! A large proportion of the book was written during a 6-month sabbatical leave which was generously approved by the School of Agriculture and Environment at The University of Western Australia. Much of the remainder was written during the COVID-19 pandemic, while at the same time teaching undergraduate and postgraduate courses which informed my writing (and vice versa). My background and passion is in chemistry, and so as the main author, the emphasis of the book reflects my chemistry bias; my other bias is towards environ- mental science as a broader discipline. As readers will notice, however, my passion for both subjects took me to new and interesting places in the field of environmental science, and soil science in particular. Writing this book also made it necessary to learn some new and interesting ways to look at environmental data, and to write the necessary code in R. Interested readers should contact me by email for the R code to conduct the data analyses or prepare many of the graphics and maps in this book. Notes Words or phrases in italics are the first instances of terms in the Glossary, except terms that are traditionally written in italic font such as Latin phrases. International conventions have been used where appropriate, for example soil classification, soil texture categories, SI units, and IUPAC chemical names. This may clash sometimes with the use of standard Australian English (e.g. in the spelling of ‘sulfur’). We have endeavoured to make referencing formal and complete; this is not always the case in textbooks, but we think it’s good to set an example of what we expect from our students. As far as possible we have tried to cite literature that spe- cifically deals with urban environments and soils, rather than the environmental science or soil science literature in general. As a result, the sources cited may not be v vi Preface the most seminal publications on any particular topic, but may be more useful for readers wishing to learn more about urban soils. We have used examples from as many places in the world as possible, with the hope that this will increase our readers’ connectedness to the material. Where rele- vant, coordinates are provided for geographic locations in decimal degrees (by con- vention, degrees south or west are negative), suitable for searching using software such as Google Earth or equivalent. Perth, Western Australia Andrew W. Rate June 2021 Photo Credits for Opening Images of Each Chapter Chapter 1: François Molle (CC-BY-2.0). Chapter 2: (composite image) left, Augusto Malta (Public Domain); right, Andrew W. Rate. Chapter 3: (composite image) left, Lav Ulv (public domain); right, Anna Paltseva and Zhongqi Cheng (CC-BY-4.0). Chapter 4: (composite image) left, Roger Thurow (public domain); right, Chika Watanabe (CC-BY-2.0). Chapter 5: (composite image) left, Andrew W. Rate; right, Katie Hetrick, UC Davis Arboretum and Public Garden (CC-BY-2.0). Chapter 6: (composite image) left, Andrew W. Rate; right, Andrew W. Rate. Chapter 7: (composite image) left, USDA-NRCS (public domain); right, Andrew W. Rate. Chapter 8: (composite image) top, Franck Michel (CC-BY-2.0); bottom left, Steve K. (CC-BY-2.0); bottom centre, Chika Watanabe (CC-BY-2.0); bottom right, Armen Phelps (CC-BY-4.0). Chapter 9: (composite image) left, https://pxhere.com/en/photo/986452 (Public Domain); right, Sergio Souza (CC-BY-4.0). Chapter 10: (composite image) top, UNEP (Public Domain); left, Laura Kraft (Public Domain); right, Ja Ma (Public Domain). Chapter 11: (composite image) both images by Marco Verch (CC-BY-2.0). Chapter 12: (composite image) left, Romon Logov (public domain); centre, Willian- Justen- De-Vasconcellos (public domain); right, Anaya Katlego (public domain). vii Acknowledgements First, thanks to Dr Ian Francis who was our initial contact at Springer Nature and who first approached Andrew about writing this book, and handled the review of the textbook proposal. We are grateful to the following people, who generously donated their time to read and comment on drafts: Assoc. Prof. Louise Barton, Cassandra Bond, Kai- Ying Khoo, Giles Knight, Jessica Petersen-Jones, Annelies Rate, Dr Ming Wu, and Peter Zafiropoulos. Thanks also to the environmental science community on Twitter and other social media who provided comments, ideas, and encouragement: Dr Rivka Fidel, Prof. Anas Ghadouani, Dr Dylan Irvine, Dr Gavan McGrath, Joanne Moo, Dr Colby Moorberg, Dr Bree Morgan, Assoc. Prof. Suzie Reichman, Dr Matthew Ricker, and Jeremy Smith. Also to the many students at The University of Western Australia who looked forward to the book coming out, and said so. Prasad Gurunadham, the project coordinator at Springer Nature, deserves special mention for his patience in dealing with Andrew’s occasionally impatient emails and at the same time tolerating his frequent delays in providing material. Finally, Andrew greatly thanks his wife and two daughters, who endured his intense focus on, and devotion of inordinate amounts of time to, this writing project. ix Contents 1 Urban Ecosystems: Soils and the Rise and Fall of Cities . . . . . . . . . . 1 Andrew W. Rate 2 Formation and Properties of Urban Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Andrew W. Rate 3 Spatial Variability and Data Analysis in Urban Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Andrew W. Rate 4 Urban Soil Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Andrew W. Rate 5 Urban Soil Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Andrew W. Rate 6 Inorganic Contaminants in Urban Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Andrew W. Rate 7 Organic Contaminants in Urban Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Andrew W. Rate 8 Soil Biological Processes in Urban Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Deirdre Bridget Gleeson 9 Urban Soil as a Source and Sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Andrew W. Rate 10 Urban Soil and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Andrew W. Rate 11 Urban Soil Remediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Andrew W. Rate xi
The list of books you might like
