Unsatutated Fractured Rock Characterization Methods ! and #Data Sets at the Apache Leap Tuff Site

141 Pages·2003·6.13 MB·English

NUREG/CR-5596
RW
Unsatutated Fractured Rock
Characterization Methods
! ,I
NUREG/CR--5596
and #DataS ets at the
‘ f:
TI90 016722
Apache Leap Tuff Site
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Manuscript Completed: June 1990
Date Published: August 1990
,
Prepared by
T. C. Rasmussen, D. D. Evans, P. J. Sheets, J. H. Blanford
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources
College of Engineering and Mines
University of Arizona
Tucson, A2 85721
Prepared for .
Division ,of Engineering
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20555
NRC FIN D1662
. . , . - .
~ISVRIBUJIORIO F W1S DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED
OTHER REPORTS I N THIS SERIES
-
Evans, D.D., 1983, Unsaturated Flow and Transport Through Fractured Rock
Related to High-Level Waste Repositories, NUREG/CR-3206, 231 pp.
Schrauf, T.W. and D.D. Evans, 1984, Relationship Between the Gas Conduc-
tivity and Geometry of a Natural Fracture, NUREG/CR-3680, 131 pp.
Huang, C. and D.D. Evans, 1985, A 3-Dimensional Computer Model to Simulate
Fluid Flow and Contaminant Transport Through a Rock Fracture System,
NUREG/CR-4042, 109 pp.
Green, R.T. and D.D. Evans, 1987, Radionuclide Transport 'as Vapor Through
Unsaturated Fractured Rock, NUREG-CR-4654, 163 pp.
Rasmussen, T.C. and D.D. Evans, 1987, Unsaturated Flow and Transport
-
Through Fractured Rock Related to High-Level Waste Repositories,
.
NUREG/CR-4655, 474 pp
*
Yeh, T.C.J., T.C. Rasmussen and D.D. Evans, 1988, Simulation of Liquid and
Vapor Movement in Unsaturated Fractured Rock at the Apache Leap Tuff
Site: Models and Strategies, NUREG/CR-5097, 73 pp.
Weber, D.S. and D.D. Evans, 1988, Stable Isotopes of Authigenic Minerals in
Variably-Saturated Fractured Tuff, NUREG/CR-5255, 70 pp.
Rasmussen, T.C. and D.D. Evans, 1989, Fluid Flow and Solute Transport
Modeling Through Three-Dimensional Networks of Variably Saturated
Discrete Fractures, NUREG/CR-5239, 193 pp.
Chuang, Y., W.R. Haldeman, T.C. Rasmussen, and D.D. Evans, 1990, Laboratory
Analysis of Fluid Flow and Solute Transport Through a Variably Saturated
Fracture Embedded in Porous Tuff, NUREG/CR-5482, 328 pp.
DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored
by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the
United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any
of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied,
or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the
accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information,
apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that
its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference
herein to any specific commercial product, process, or
service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or
otherwise does not. necessarily constitute or imply its
endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United
States Government or any agency thereof. The views and
opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily
state or reflect those of the United States Government or
any agency thereof.
DISCLAIM EW
Portions of this document may be illegible
in electronic image products. Images are
produced from the best available original
document.
ABSTRACT
,
Performance assessment of high-level nuclear waste containment feasibility
requires representative values of parameters as, input, inclpding parameter
moments, distributional characteristics, and covariance structures between
parameters. To meet this need, characterization methods and data sets for
interstitial, hydraulic, pneumatic and thermal parameters,for a slightly
welded fractured tuff at the Apache Leap Tuff<Sites ituated in central
Arizona are reported in this document. The data sets include the influence
of matric suction on measured parameters. Spatial variability is inves-
tigated by sampling along nine boreholes at regular distances. Laboratory
parameter estimates for 105 core segments are provided, as well as field
estimates centered on the intervals where the core segments were collected.
Measurement uncertainty is estimated by repetitively testing control
. ,
samples.
T I
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 Executive Summary xiii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
1 ’ Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Field Site Description 2
. . . . . . . . . .
2 Interstitial Characterization Paramet.er.s . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1 Matrix Interstitial Pr.o.pe.rt.ie.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.1 Bulk Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2 Effective Porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.3 Skeletal Density 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.4 Pore Surface Area 13
. . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.5 Pore Size Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Fracture Intersti.ti.al. Pr.op.er.ti.es. . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.1 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.2 Density and S.pa.ci.ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.3 Orientation 17
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
3 Hydraulic Characterization Paramete.rs. . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1 Matrix Hydraulic Properties . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.1 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivit.y . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.2 Moisture Characteristic Curve 20
. . . . . .
3.1.3 Unsaturated Hydraulic. C.o.nd.uc.ti.vi.ty. . . . 24
3.2 Field Hydraulic Properties . . . . . *.*-. . . 26
3.2.1 Field Hydraulic Condu.ct.iv.it.y . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.2 Field Water Content 27
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
4 Pneumatic Characterization Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1 Matrix Pneumatic Permeabilit.y . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2 Field Pneumatic Properties 35
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Thermal Characterization Paramete.rs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.1 Matrix Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.2 Field Thermal Properties 41
. . . . . . . . . .
6 Quantification of Parameter Uncertainties 42
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Summary 47
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 References 48
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Appendix 50
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LEST OF .FIGURES
Firmre &$&
1 Site location map forthe Apache Leap Tuff'Site in cerltral' 3
.
Arizona
2 Aerial view of ALTS and surrounding terrain showing 4
extensive fracture network.
3 Borehole configuration showing inclined boreholes and 30 m 6
by 50 m plastic cover.
4 Core sample locations with associated two letter 7
identification label.
5 Diagram of three borehole'core segments and uses. 8
6 Permeameter used to obtain saturated hydraulic conductivity 21
for large core segments.
7 Laboratory apparatus 'for obtaining unsaturated hydraulic 25
conductivity using the outflow method.
I
8 Location of neutron water content calibration boreholes. 29
9 Diagram of field single hole air injection 'experiment; 37
, .~ ~ .
.. I ,
10 Apparatus u,sed. to est.i.m ate water content dependent thermal 39
properties-.
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vi
LIST OF TABLES
1 Summary,o f bulk density values obtained from core segments 10
at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
2 Summary of effective porosity values obtained from core 11
segments at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
3 Summary of skeletal 'density values obtained from core 12
segments at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
4 Summary of pore area values obtained from medium core 14
segments at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
5 Summary of cwnulative,intrusionv olume as a function of 15
equivalent pore diameter obtained from medium core segments
at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
6 Summary of fracture density and orientation obtained from 17
borehole cores at the Apache Leap Tuff Site. .
7 Summary of saturated hydraulic conductivity values obtained 20
from large core segments at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
8 Summary of laboratory moisture characteristic curve values 23
obtained from pressure extraction vessel and Tempe Pressure
Cells using large core segments and from-thermocouple
psychrometer data using small core segments at the Apache
Leap Tuff Site. Mean wetting curves for 10 large core
segments are also presented. Also shown are summary
statistics for Van Genuchten moisture characteristic
curve function.
;
9 Summary of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity values 24
obtained from large core segments at the Apache Leap
Tuff Site.
10 Summary of field determined outflow rates and saturated 27
hydraulic conductivity values at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
" ,
11 Observed neutron cokts with-d epth at G o calibration bore 30
holes, Apacbe Leap Tuff Site.
12 Results for neutron calibration borehole tests, Apache Leap 30
Tuff Site.
13 Field water contents for various dates at the Apache Leap 32
Tuff Site.
vii
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Pave
14 Summary of laboratory air permeabilities. 34
15 Summary of laboratory determined Klinkenberg slip flow 35
coefficient.
36
16 Summary of field determined air permeability.
40
17 Summary of laboratory thermal conductivity.
18 Oven dry air permeability for parameter variation 43
estimation.
19 Saturated hydraulic.p ermeability for parameter variation 44
estimation.
20 Moisture characteristic curves for parameter variation 45
estimation.
21 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivjky values for parameter 46
variation estimation.
A1 Local coordinates in meters of borehole casing lip, ground 50
surface and borehole bottom at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
A2 Local coordinates in meters of borehole sample locations at 51
the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
A3 Bulk and skeletal densities for three core segment sizes. 52
A4 Effective porosity for three core segment sizes and pore 55
area values for small-core segment sizes at 105 locations
at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
A5a Equivalent pore diameters (in micrometers) for mercury 58
intrusion injection pressures.
I
A5b Cumulative volumetric porosity determined from mercury 69
intrusion volumes for 105 medium core segments.
A6 Fracture geometric information obtained from oriented drill 80
core.
viii
LIST OF TABLES ,"(Continued)
Pagce_
A7 Fracture density values obtained from borehole cores at the 84
Apache Leap Tuff Site.
A8 Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) obtained from 105 85
large core segments at the Apache Leap Tuff Site.
A9a Laboratory moisture characteristic curves for 105 large 86
core segments as a function of matric suction using
pressure extractor.
A9b Laboratory moisture characteristic curves for 105 small 89
segments using themocouple psychrometer device.
A9c Laboratory moisture characteristic curves for 105 large 95
core segments as a function of matric suction using Tempe
Pressure cells.
A9d Laboratory moisture characteristic curves for 10 large 98
core segments as a function of matric suction for wetting
phase.
Age Van Genuchten moisture characteristic curve function 99
parameters. Least squares estimate using relative
saturation objective function and a constant n-value for
all samples. Optimal parameter estimates obtained when
residual saturation is zero and when the n-parameter
is equal to 1.26.
A10 Laboratory determined unsaturated hydraulic conductivity 100
values for large core segments obtained using outflow
method.
All Field determined saturated hydraulic conductivity values 103
at the Apache Leap Tuff Site using three methods:
(1) Philip, (2) Glover, and (3) Dachler.
A12 Outflow rates during borehole flooding experiments. 106
A13 Fieldvolumetric water content in percent determined from 110
- -
neutron count data. ..
A14 Laboratory unsaturated air permeability. 113
A15 Klinkenberg coefficients obtained from laboratory air/water 116
permeability ratios for 105 large core segments.
ix